NanoPi K1 Plus

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1 Introduction

• The NanoPi K1 Plus uses the Allwinner 64-bit quad-core Cortex™-A53 H5 SoC. It can run either a 64-bit OS or a 32-bit OS. It has NEON multi-media engine and a hex-core Mali450 GPU. It supports various video formats and has strong HD encoding/decoding capabilities.
• The NanoPi K1 Plus has 2GB DDR3 RAM, onboard WiFi, DVP camera interface, Gbps Ethernet, USB, HDMI, infrared remote control, 3.5mm audio jack, I2S and etc. It can boot from a TF card and supports an external eMMC module.
• The NanoPi K1 Plus has the same dimension as RPi 3. Its 40-Pin GPIO pin-header is compatible with RPi 3's GPIO pin-header. It works with any RPi housing.
• A Ubuntu Core image and an Armbian image are ready for the NanoPi K1 Plus.

2 Hardware Spec

• CPU: Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex™-A53
• GPU: Hexa-core Mali450
• DDR3 RAM: 2GB
• Ethernet: 10/100/1000M Ethernet using RTL8211E IC
• Wireless: 802.11 b/g/n and onboard PCB antenna
• Infrared: Onboard infrared receiver
• Audio: 3.5mm audio jack/Via HDMI
• Mic: onboard microphone
• eMMC: onboard eMMC interface
• I2S: onboard I2S interface(7Pin, 2.54mm pin-header)
• MicroSD Slot: MicroSD card slot
• USB Host: 3 x USB 2.0 Host, type A port
• DVP Camera interface: 24-Pin, 0.5mm pitch FPC seat
• MicroUSB: 1 x USB 2.0, OTG, for power input and data transmission
• HDMI: HDMI Type-A port. It supports 4K@30fps dsplay
• Video Output: HDMI 1.4. It supports 4K@30fps display, CVBS
• GPIO Pin-header: 40 Pin,2.54mm pitch pin-header containing I2C, GPIO, UART, PWM, SPDIF, SPI and etc
• Serial Debug Port: 4Pin, 2.5mm pitch pin-header
• Button: 1 x GPIO button(user configurable)
• LED: 1 x power LED and 1 x status LED
• Power Interface: MicroUSB
• PCB Size:56 x 85mm, 6-layer, ENIG
• Power: DC 5V/2A

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi-K1-Plus Interface Layout

• GPIO Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Linux gpio	Pin#	Name	Linux gpio
1	SYS_3.3V		2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA / GPIOA12		4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL / GPIOA11		6	GND
7	GPIOG11	203	8	UART1_TX / GPIOG6	198
9	GND		10	UART1_RX / GPIOG7	199
11	UART2_TX / GPIOA0	0	12	GPIOA6	6
13	UART2_RTS / GPIOA2	2	14	GND
15	UART2_CTS / GPIOA3	3	16	UART1_RTS / GPIOG8	200
17	SYS_3.3V		18	UART1_CTS / GPIOG9	201
19	SPI0_MOSI / GPIOC0	64	20	GND
21	SPI0_MISO / GPIOC1	65	22	UART2_RX / GPIOA1	1
23	SPI0_CLK / GPIOC2	66	24	SPI0_CS / GPIOC3	67
25	GND		26	SPDIF-OUT / GPIOA17	17
27	I2C1_SDA / GPIOA19 / PCM0_CLK / I2S0_BCK	19	28	I2C1_SCL / GPIOA18 / PCM0_SYNC / I2S0_LRCK	18
29	GPIOA20 / PCM0_DOUT / I2S0_SDOUT	20	30	GND
31	GPIOA21 / PCM0_DIN/ I2S0_SDIN	21	32	GPIOA7	7
33	GPIOA8	8	34	GND
35	UART3_CTS / SPI1_MISO / GPIOA16	16	36	UART3_TX / SPI1_CS / GPIOA13	13
37	GPIOA9	9	38	UART3_RTS / SPI1_MOSI / GPIOA15	15
39	GND		40	UART3_RX / SPI1_CLK / GPIOA14	14

• eMMC Connector Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	eMMC_D0	2	eMMC_D1
3	eMMC_D2	4	eMMC_D3
5	eMMC_D4	6	eMMC_D5
7	eMMC_D6	8	eMMC_D7
9	eMMC_DS	10	GND
11	eMMC_CMD	12	eMMC_CLK
13	NC	14	GND
15	NC	16	1.8V OUT
17	eMMC_RST	18	3.3V OUT
19	GPIOY_5	20	GND

• Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TX
4	UART_RX

• 7Pin I2S Pin Spec

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	SYS_3.3V
3	I2S0_BCK
4	I2S0_LRCK
5	I2S0_SDOUT
6	I2S0_SDIN
7	I2S_MCLK

Notes

1. SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
2. VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. Input power range: 4.7～5.5V
3. All signal pins are 3.3V
4. For more details refer to :Schematic_NanoPi-K1_Plus-1712_20171214.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

For more details refer to:NanoPi_K1_Plus_V1.0_1712_dxf.zip

4 Software Features

FriendlyCore System
Cross-Compiler	gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.02-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu it applies to 64-bit Armv8 Cortex-A, little-endian architechture. FriendlyElec uses it for its H5 based boards.
U-boot-2017.11	It can recognize a FriendlyElec's H5 based board and load its dtb file accordingly. It optimizes memory settings. It supports voltage regulation IC sy8106a and applies only to NanoPi K1 Plus/NanoPi NEO Core2. It supports MAC generation from H5's CPU ID. It supports system booting from either SD card or eMMC and can automatically load the kernel from the booting device.
Linux-4.14	It supports LED. You can access it via "/sys/class/leds". It supports GPIO. You can access it via "/sys/class/gpio/". It supports UART0/1/2/3. You can access it via "/dev/ttySX". It supports I2C0/1/2. You can access it via "/dev/i2c-X". It supports SPI0/1. You can access it via "/dev/spidevX.X". The SPI1 and UART3 pins are multiplexed. It supports PWM0. You can access it via "/sys/class/pwm/". The UART0 pin is multiplexed. It supports I2S0. It works together with PCM5102A codec. The I2C1 pin is multiplexed. It supports Watchdog. You can access it via "/dev/watchX". It can read a CPU ID. You can access it via "/sys/bus/nvmem/devices/sunxi-sid0/nvmem". It supports IR Receiver It supports WiFi RTL8189. It supports HDMI audio output. It supports dynamic CPU voltage regulation. It supports Micro USB OTG. It supports USB Host1/2/3. It supports TF Card. It supports eMMC. It supports 1000M Ethernet. It supports H5's internal Codec and supports voice playing and recording. It supports DVP Camera(CAM500B). It supports USB Camera(CAM202). It supports popular USB WiFi Adapters. It supports popular USB Ethernet Adapters. It supports popular USB Serial Converters. It supports popular USB Sound Cards.
File System	Based on UbuntuCore-16.04, it has original UbuntuCore features. It has popular utilties:VIM/Nano/SSHserver and etc. It has Qt-Embedded-4.8 and suitable for rapid product prototyping which needs a GUI. It has a network management utility "NetworkManager" which can automatically detect and connect to a network. For more details refer to: NetworkManager。 It has a commandline utility "npi-config" which can be used to set a user password, language, timezone, Hostname, SSH enable/disable, auto-login, hardware interface and etc. For more details refer to Npi-config。 It uses overlayfs. It expands the file system on the first system boot. It supports file system auto-repair on system boot. It supports 512MB's swap. It supports WiringNP which functions like Arduino's API and can be used to access NanoPi boards' gpio/i2c/spi and etc. For more details refer to: WiringNP。 It supports FriendlyElec's BakeBit which is a set of sensor modules including hardware components(such as NanoHat Hub extension board) and software (such as BakeBit). For more details refer to BakeBit . It supports RPi.GPIO which can be used to access NanoPi boards' gpio with Python. For more details refer to RPi.GPIO.

FriendlyWrt OS
Cross Compiler	gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.02-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu Applicable for 64-bit Armv8 Cortex-A, little-endian. It has been tested and verified with FriendlyElec's Allwinner H5 boards.
U-boot-2017.11	Same as FriendlyCore
Linux-4.14	Same as FriendlyCore
File System	Based on OpenWrt-18.06 and keeps OpenWrt's original features; Based on a U-boot-2017.11 + Linux-4.14 system which is maintained by FriendlyElec Optimizes system initialization on a first time system boot Supports Huawei wifi 2 mini(E8372h) Supports 5G USB WiFi rtl8821cu, plug and play Supports Matrix-LCD2USB, by default it shows an IP address Utilizes overlayfs, for more details refer to How to use overlayfs on Linux Supports auto-extension of file system on a first time system boot Supports one-touch script to compile U-boot/Linux/FriendlyWrt rootfs and generate an image file, for more details refer to How to Build FriendlyWrt Supports flashing an image to eMMC with eflasher, for more details refer to EFlasher。

eFlasher system
Cross-Compiler	gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.02-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu it applies to 64-bit Armv8 Cortex-A, little-endian architechture. FriendlyElec uses it for its H5 based boards.
U-boot-2017.11	Same as FriendlyCore
Linux-4.14	Same as FriendlyCore
File System	Based on UbuntuCore-16.04, it has original UbuntuCore features. It has an eFlasher utility with GUI, which is set to auto-run on system startup. For more details refer to EFlasher. It has an eFlasher commandline utility. It supports multiple OS options. It shows system installation process bar. It supports data backup from and restoration to eMMC. It can detect image files located on the root directory of an external storage device(e.g. USB disk).

Android7.0 System
Cross Compiler	gcc-linaro-arm-4.6.3.tar.xz, provided by Allwinner, used to compile a U-boot source code gcc-linaro-aarch64.tar.xz, provided by Allwinner, used to compile a Linux kernel
U-boot-2014.07	Based on U-boot-2014.07 provided by Allwinner and it has all the functions Allwinner developed in it Supports fastboot。 Supports flashing Android to eMMC with a bootable TF card.
Linux-3.10	Based on Linux-3.10 kernel provided by Allwinner. It has all the functions Allwinner developed in it Supports booting Android from either TF card or eMMC Supports LED control, LEDs can be accessed with /sys/class/leds Supports IR remote control Supports reading a CPU ID with /sys/class/sunxi_info/sys_info Supports USB Host1/2/3。 Supports Gbps Ethernet Supports CPU's internal Audio Codec Supports Micro USB device which works under fastboot and ADB Supports WiFi module RTL8189 Supports HDMI's audio output Supports DVP camera (CAM500B) Supports USB camera (CAM200B) Supports video hardware encoding and decoding Supports Mali 450 GPU acceleration
File System	Based on Android7.0 provided by Allwinner and it has all the functions Allwinner developed in it. Supports simultaneous HDMI audio output and 3.5mm audio jack output Supports multiple HDMI resolutions and adjustable HDMI screen sizes Supports static IP address Supports Kodi Supports Miracast

5 Get Started

5.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi K1 Plus get the following items ready

• NanoPi K1 Plus
• MicroSD/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
• A DC 5V/2A power cord with MicroUSB port is a must
• HDMI monitor
• USB keyboard, mouse and possible a USB hub(or a TTL to serial board)
• A host computer running Ubuntu 18.04 64 bit system

5.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your device boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

• Sandisk MicroSDHC V30 32GB Extreme Pro (Developer choice)

• SanDisk 32GB High Endurance Video MicroSDHC Card with Adapter for Dash Cam and Home Monitoring Systems (High reliability)

• SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD High Speed TF card:

• SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

• 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

5.3 Install OS

5.3.1 Download Image Files

Get the following files from here download link to download image files(under the "official-ROMs" directory) and the flashing utility(under the "tools" directory):

Image Files:
nanopi-k1-plus_sd_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_arm64_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	FriendlyCore(based on UbuntuCore), kernel:Linux-4.14
nanopi-k1-plus_eflasher_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_arm64_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	eflasher image, for flashing FriendlyCore(Linux-4.14) to eMMC
nanopi-k1-plus_sd_android7.0_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Android7.0 image file, Linux-3.10 kernel
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

5.3.2 Linux

5.3.2.1 Flash to TF

• FriendlyCore / Debian / Ubuntu / OpenWrt / DietPi are all based on a same Linux distribution and their installation methods are the same.
• Extract the Linux image and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.

Take "nanopi-k1-plus_sd_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_arm64_YYYYMMDD.img" as an example here is the installation window. Other image files are installed on the similar window:

After it is installed you will see the following window:

• Insert this card into your board's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the PWR LED is on and the STAT LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
  

5.3.2.2 Flash to eMMC

5.3.2.2.1 Flash OS with eflasher Utility

• For more details about eflasher refer to the wiki link: EFlasher。
• Extract the eflasher Image and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
• Insert this card into your board's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
• If your board doesn't support HDMI or no monitor is connected you can select an OS by running the following command:

$ su root
$ eflasher

The password for "root" is "fa".

We take "nanopi-k1-plus_eflasher_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_arm64_YYYYMMDD.img" as an example. After you run the "eflasher" command you will see the following messages:

Type "1", select writing friendlycore system to eMMC you will see the following messages:

Type "yes" to start installation:

After it is done power off the system, take off the TF card, power on again your system will be booted from eMMC.

• If you want to flash other system to eMMC you can download the whole images-for-eflasher directory and extract the package under that directory to the FRIENDLYARM partition of an installation SD card.
  

5.3.2.2.2 Flash OS to eMMC on PC

• An OS image for eMMC is the same as the one for an SD card. Extract an image package and flash utility. Insert an eMMC module(in a MicroSD to eMMC adapter) to a Windows PC. Run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the win32diskimager's main window select your MicroSD to eMMC adapter's drive, a wanted OS image and click "Write" to start flashing.

• After flash is done take out the MicroSD to eMMC adapter. Take the eMMC module off the adapter, insert this module to the board's eMMC slot and power up the board. If the PWR LED is solid on and the STAT LED is flashing it means your board has been successfully booted.
  
• When both an SD card and an eMMC module are connected to a board the board will be booted from the SD card first and if that fails it will be booted from eMMC.

5.3.3 Android

5.3.3.1 Flash to TF

Note:before make a MicroSD card to an Android image card you need to format this card.

• On a Windows PC run the HDDLLF.4.40 utility as administrator. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into this PC and format it. After formatting is done take out the TF card, insert it into the PC again and format it with Windows internal format utility to format it to FAT32. After this formatting is done take out the card.
• Extract the the Android image and PhoenixCard_V310.rar . Insert the TF card you made in the previous step into a Windows PC and run the PhoenixCard_V310 utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.

(In the screenshot an Android image file for the NanoPi M1 Plus was selected. You need to select a correct image file for your board.)

• Insert this card into your board' BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
  

5.3.3.2 Flash to eMMC

5.3.3.2.1 Install Android to eMMC from TF Card

• Extract an Android image file and the flashing utility PhoenixCard_V310.rar, insert a TF card(at least 8G) to a windows PC and run PhoenixCard as administrator. On the PhoenixCard Window select your TF card's device and your wanted Android image file, set the mode to "卡量产(factory production)" and click on "烧录(Flash)" to start flashing the Android image to TF card.

(In the screenshot an Android image file for the NanoPi M1 Plus was selected. You need to select a correct image file for your board.)

• After flashing is done, the TF card has the ability to burn the Android system to eMMC. Take out the TF card and insert it to your board's TF card slot. Connect your board to an HDMI monitor, power on your board(note:you need a 5V/2A power adapter) and you will see a green process bar on the HDMI monitor. After flashing is done take out the TF card and reboot your board and it will be rebooted from eMMC.

6 Work with FriendlyCore

6.1 Introduction

FriendlyCore is a light Linux system without X-windows, based on ubuntu core, It uses the Qt-Embedded's GUI and is popular in industrial and enterprise applications.

Besides the regular Ubuntu Core's features FriendlyCore has the following additional features:

• it integrates Qt4.8;
• it integrates NetworkManager;
• it has bluez and Bluetooth related packages;
• it has alsa packages;
• it has npi-config;
• it has RPiGPIO, a Python GPIO module;
• it has some Python/C demo in /root/ directory;
• it enables 512M-swap partition;

6.2 System Login

• If your board is connected to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and keyboard.
• If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will

For example, NanoPi-M1：

You can use a USB to Serial conversion board too.
Make sure you use a 5V/2A power to power your board from its MicroUSB port:
For example, NanoPi-NEO2：

• FriendlyCore User Accounts:

Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

• Update packages

$ sudo apt-get update

6.3 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility.

$ sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:

6.4 Develop Qt Application

Please refer to: How to Build and Install Qt Application for FriendlyELEC Boards

6.5 Setup Program to AutoRun

You can setup a program to autorun on system boot with npi-config:

sudo npi-config

Go to Boot Options -> Autologin -> Qt/Embedded, select Enable and reboot.

6.6 Extend TF Card's Section

When FriendlyCore is loaded the TF card's section will be automatically extended.You can check the section's size by running the following command:

$ df -h

6.7 Transfer files using Bluetooth

Take the example of transferring files to the mobile phone. First, set your mobile phone Bluetooth to detectable status, then execute the following command to start Bluetooth search.：

hcitool scan

Search results look like：

Scanning ...
    2C:8A:72:1D:46:02   HTC6525LVW

This means that a mobile phone named HTC6525LVW is searched. We write down the MAC address in front of the phone name, and then use the sdptool command to view the Bluetooth service supported by the phone：

sdptool browser 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02

Note: Please replace the MAC address in the above command with the actual Bluetooth MAC address of the mobile phone.
This command will detail the protocols supported by Bluetooth for mobile phones. What we need to care about is a file transfer service called OBEX Object Push. Take the HTC6525LVW mobile phone as an example. The results are as follows：

Service Name: OBEX Object Push
Service RecHandle: 0x1000b
Service Class ID List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 12
  "OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
    Version: 0x0100

As can be seen from the above information, the channel used by the OBEX Object Push service of this mobile phone is 12, we need to pass it to the obexftp command, and finally the command to initiate the file transfer request is as follows：

obexftp --nopath --noconn --uuid none --bluetooth -b 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02 -B 12 -put example.jpg

Note: Please replace the MAC address, channel and file name in the above command with the actual one.

After executing the above commands, please pay attention to the screen of the mobile phone. The mobile phone will pop up a prompt for pairing and receiving files. After confirming, the file transfer will start.

Bluetooth FAQ：
1) Bluetooth device not found on the development board, try to open Bluetooth with the following command：

rfkill unblock 0

2) Prompt can not find the relevant command, you can try to install related software with the following command：

apt-get install bluetooth bluez obexftp openobex-apps python-gobject ussp-push

6.8 WiFi

For either an SD WiFi or a USB WiFi you can connect it to your board in the same way. The APXX series WiFi chips are SD WiFi chips. By default FriendlyElec's system supports most popular USB WiFi modules. Here is a list of the USB WiFi modules we tested:

Index	Model
1	RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2	RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3	RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4	RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5	mi WiFi mt7601
6	5G USB WiFi RTL8821CU
7	5G USB WiFi RTL8812AU

You can use the NetworkManager utility to manage network. You can run "nmcli" in the commandline utility to start it. Here are the commands to start a WiFi connection:

• Change to root

$ su root

• Check device list

$ nmcli dev

Note: if the status of a device is "unmanaged" it means that device cannot be accessed by NetworkManager. To make it accessed you need to clear the settings under "/etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your system.

• Start WiFi

$ nmcli r wifi on

• Scan Surrounding WiFi Sources

$ nmcli dev wifi

• Connect to a WiFi Source

$ nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD" ifname wlan0

The "SSID" and "PASSWORD" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.If you have multiple WiFi devices you need to specify the one you want to connect to a WiFi source with iface
If a connection succeeds it will be automatically setup on next system reboot.

For more details about NetworkManager refer to this link: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

If your USB WiFi module doesn't work most likely your system doesn't have its driver. For a Debian system you can get a driver from Debian-WiFi and install it on your system. For a Ubuntu system you can install a driver by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install linux-firmware

In general all WiFi drivers are located at the "/lib/firmware" directory.

6.9 Ethernet Connection

If a board is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP with DHCP activated after it is powered up. If you want to set up a static IP refer to: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings。

6.10 WiringPi and Python Wrapper

• WiringNP: NanoPi NEO/NEO2/Air GPIO Programming with C
• RPi.GPIO : NanoPi NEO/NEO2/Air GPIO Programming with Python

6.11 Custom welcome message

The welcome message is printed from the script in this directory：

/etc/update-motd.d/

For example, to change the FriendlyELEC LOGO, you can change the file /etc/update-motd.d/10-header. For example, to change the LOGO to HELLO, you can change the following line：

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal $BOARD_VENDOR

To:

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal HELLO

6.12 Modify timezone

For exampe, change to Shanghai timezone:

sudo rm /etc/localtime
sudo ln -ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

6.13 Set Audio Device

If your system has multiple audio devices such as HDMI-Audio, 3.5mm audio jack and I2S-Codec you can set system's default audio device by running the following commands.

• After your board is booted run the following commands to install alsa packages:

$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install libasound2
$ apt-get install alsa-base
$ apt-get install alsa-utils

• After installation is done you can list all the audio devices by running the following command. Here is a similar list you may see after you run the command:

$ aplay -l
card 0: HDMI
card 1: 3.5mm codec
card 2: I2S codec

"card 0" is HDMI-Audio, "card 1" is 3.5mm audio jack and "card 2" is I2S-Codec. You can set default audio device to HDMI-Audio by changing the "/etc/asound.conf" file as follows:

pcm.!default {
    type hw
    card 0
    device 0
}
 
ctl.!default {
    type hw
    card 0
}

If you change "card 0" to "card 1" the 3.5mm audio jack will be set to the default device.
Copy a .wav file to your board and test it by running the following command:

$ aplay /root/Music/test.wav

You will hear sounds from system's default audio device.
If you are using H3/H5/H2+ series board with mainline kernel, the easier way is using npi-config。

6.14 Connect to DVP Camera CAM500B

For NanoPi-K1-Plus the CAM500B can work with Linux-4.14 Kernel.
The CAM500B camera module is a 5M-pixel camera with DVP interface. For more tech details about it you can refer to Matrix - CAM500B.

connect your board to camera module. Then boot OS, connect your board to a network, log into the board as root and run "mjpg-streamer":

$ cd /root/C/mjpg-streamer
$ make
$ ./start.sh

You need to change the start.sh script and make sure it uses a correct /dev/videoX node. You can check your camera's node by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install v4l-utils
$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 -D
Driver Info (not using libv4l2):
        Driver name   : sun6i-video
        Card type     : sun6i-csi
        Bus info      : platform:camera
        Driver version: 4.14.0
	...

The above messages indicate that "/dev/video0" is camera's device node.The mjpg-streamer application is an open source video steam server. After it is successfully started the following messages will be popped up:

 
$ ./start.sh
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

start.sh runs the following two commands:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)"
./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -d /dev/video0 -y 1 -r 1280x720 -f 30 -q 90 -n -fb 0" -o "./output_http.so -w ./www"

Here are some details for mjpg_streamer's major options:
-i: input device. For example "input_uvc.so" means it takes input from a camera;
-o: output device. For example "output_http.so" means the it transmits data via http;
-d: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's device node;
-y: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's data format: 1:yuyv, 2:yvyu, 3:uyvy 4:vyuy. If this option isn't defined MJPEG will be set as the data format;
-r: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's resolution;
-f: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's fps. But whether this fps is supported depends on its driver;
-q: input device's subparameter. It defines the quality of an image generated by libjpeg soft-encoding;
-n: input device's subparameter. It disables the dynctrls function;
-fb: input device's subparameter. It specifies whether an input image is displayed at "/dev/fbX";
-w: output device's subparameter. It defines a directory to hold web pages;

In our case the board's IP address was 192.168.1.230. We typed 192.168.1.230:8080 in a browser and were able to view the images taken from the camera's. Here is what you would expect to observe:

The mjpg-streamer utility uses libjpeg to software-encode steam data. The Linux-4.14 based ROM currently doesn't support hardware-encoding. If you use a H3 boards with Linux-3.4 based ROM you can use the ffmpeg utility to hardware-encode stream data and this can greatly release CPU's resources and speed up encoding:

$ ffmpeg -t 30 -f v4l2 -channel 0 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 -pix_fmt nv12 -r 30 \
        -b:v 64k -c:v cedrus264 test.mp4

By default it records a 30-second video. Typing "q" stops video recording. After recording is stopped a test.mp4 file will be generated.

6.15 Connect to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

The FA-CAM202 is a 200M USB camera. You can refer to <Connect DVP Camera (CAM500B) to Board> on how to connect a USB camera to a board.
You need to change the start.sh script and make sure it uses a correct /dev/videoX node. You can check your FA-CAM202's node by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install v4l-utils
$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video1 -D
Driver Info (not using libv4l2):
        Driver name   : uvcvideo
        Card type     : HC 3358+2100: HC 3358+2100
        Bus info      : usb-1c1b000.usb-1
	...

Information above indicates that /dev/video1 is the device node of the FA-CAM 202.

6.16 Check CPU's Working Temperature

You can get CPU's working temperature by running the following command:

$ cpu_freq
CPU0 online=1 temp=26581 governor=ondemand cur_freq=480000
CPU1 online=1 temp=26581 governor=ondemand cur_freq=480000
CPU2 online=1 temp=26581 governor=ondemand cur_freq=480000
CPU3 online=1 temp=26581 governor=ondemand cur_freq=480000

This message means there are currently four CPUs working. All of their working temperature is 26.5 degree in Celsius and each one's clock is 480MHz.

6.17 Test Watchdog

You can test watchdog by running the following commands:

$ cd /root/demo/watchdog/
$ gcc watchdog_demo.c -o watchdog_demo
$ ./watchdog_demo /dev/watchdog0 10
Set timeout: 10 seconds
Get timeout: 10 seconds
System will reboot in 10 second

System will reboot in 10 seconds.

6.18 Test Infrared Receiver

Note: Please Check your board if IR receiver exist.
By default the infrared function is disabled you can enable it by using the npi-config utility:

$ npi-config
    6 Advanced Options     Configure advanced settings
        A8 IR              Enable/Disable IR
            ir Enable/Disable ir[enabled]

Reboot your system and test its infrared function by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install ir-keytable
$ echo "+rc-5 +nec +rc-6 +jvc +sony +rc-5-sz +sanyo +sharp +mce_kbd +xmp" > /sys/class/rc/rc0/protocols   # Enable infrared
$ ir-keytable -t
Testing events. Please, press CTRL-C to abort.

"ir-keytable -t" is used to check whether the receiver receives infrared signals. You can use a remote control to send infrared signals to the receiver. If it works you will see similar messages as follows:

1522404275.767215: event type EV_MSC(0x04): scancode = 0xe0e43
1522404275.767215: event type EV_SYN(0x00).
1522404278.911267: event type EV_MSC(0x04): scancode = 0xe0e42
1522404278.911267: event type EV_SYN(0x00).

6.19 Read CHIP ID

As for Allwinner H2+/H3/H5/ SoCs each of these CPUs has an internal 16-btye CHIP ID which can be read by running the following commands in the Linux-4.14 kernel:

$ apt-get install bsdmainutils
$ hexdump /sys/bus/nvmem/devices/sunxi-sid0/nvmem 
0000000 8082 0447 0064 04c3 3650 ce0a 1e28 2202
0000010 0002 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000020 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000030 0000 0008 0508 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000040 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000

"8082 0447 0064 04c3 3650 ce0a 1e28 2202" is the 16-byte CHIP ID.

6.20 Access GPIO Pins/Wirings with WiringNP

The wiringPi library was initially developed by Gordon Henderson in C. It contains libraries to access GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, PWM and etc. The wiringPi library contains various libraries, header files and a commandline utility:gpio. The gpio utility can be used to read and write GPIO pins.
FriendlyElec integrated this utility in FriendlyCore system allowing users to easily access GPIO pins. For more details refer to WiringNP WiringNP

6.21 Run Qt Demo

Run the following command

$ sudo /opt/QtE-Demo/run.sh

Here is what you expect to observe. This is an open source Qt Demo:

6.22 How to install and use docker (for arm64 system)

6.22.1 How to Install Docker

Run the following commands：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker.io

6.22.2 Test Docker installation

Test that your installation works by running the simple docker image:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/debian-jessie-arm-docker
cd debian-jessie-arm-docker
./rebuild-image.sh
./run.sh

6.23 Play & Record Audio

You can play and record audio by running the following commands
Check audio devices:

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Codec [H3 Audio Codec], device 0: CDC PCM Codec-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

Both Allwinner H5 and H3 have an internal codec which is recognized as [H3 Audio Codec]. You need to use the actual device name that your [H3 Audio Codec] device is recognized as in your system.

Play Audio:

$ aplay /root/Music/test.wav -D plughw:0

Parameter "-D plughw:0" means the "card 0" device is used to play the audio file. You need to choose a device from the list obtained by running "aplay -l".
Record Audio:

$ arecord -f cd -d 5 test.wav

7 Compile FriendlyCore Source Code

7.1 Use Linux-4.14 BSP

K1 Plus only works with 64-bit Linux-4.14 kernel and 64-bit Ubuntu Core 16.04. For more details on how to use a mainline U-boot and Linux-4.14 refer to:Building U-boot and Linux for H5/H3/H2+

8 Work with Android

8.1 Start Android For the First Time

Before proceed make sure you either have Android installed on your board's eMMC or have a bootable TF card with Android image. Connect your board to an HDMI monitor and a USB mouse, and connect a 5V/2A power adapter to your board at its MicroUSB port. Power on the board and wait for Android to load. It takes relatively long time for Android to load for the first time.

8.2 Connect to IR Control(RC-100)

After Android is loaded you can interact with it with an IR remote control(Model:RC-100).
Here is a table of function keys on the RC-100's panel:

Key	Function
POWER	Power
F1	Search
F2	PrintScreen
F3	Enable/Disable Mouse
UP	Move Up
DOWN	Move Down
LEFT	Move Left
RIGHT	Move Right
OK	Confirm
Volume-	Turn Down Volume
Volume Mute	Mute
Volume+	Turn Up Volume
SETTING	Enter Setting
HOME	Return to Home Page
BACK	Back to the Previous Page

When Android is loaded for the first time you need to click on the buttons shown on the screen to proceed. You can press F3 to enable mouse and proceed. After Android is fully loaded you can turn off the HDMI monitor by short-pressing the power button and turn on the HDMI monitor by short-pressing the power button again. And you can power off the board by long-pressing the power button and power on the board by pressing the power button again.

8.3 Set HDMI Resolution

The default resolution for an HDMI monitor in Android for H5 is 720P/50Hz. You can change the resolution by following the steps below: Go to "Settings":

Go to "Settings->Display":

Go to "Settings->Display->HDMI output mode":

Select your wanted resolution.

FriendlyELEC's Android for H5 automatically adjusts screen display for an HDMI monitor such that the output will adapt its screen size for HDMI monitors with different sizes. Here are the steps to follow:
Go to "Settings":

Go to "Settings->Display":

Go to "Settings->Display->Display output mode":

You can adjust the screen size by moving the scroll bar.

8.4 Audio Output from HDMI and 3.5mm Audio Jack

FriendlyELEC's Android by default sets audio output to both HDMI and 3.5mm audio jack. You can test this function by running Android's internal Music app.

8.5 Play Video

The H5's datasheet lists multiple video formats the H5 can support. FriendlyELEC used the antutu-benmarck utility to test H5's video playing and here are the formats that we tested and worked:

If you want to play a 4K video visit this link download link, go to the "test-video" directory, download the "4K-Chimei-inn-60mbps.mp4" file and copy it to an external storage device.
Connect the external storage device to your board, boot Android, and you can play it with the Gallery utility.

8.6 Connect to CAM500B Camera

The CAM500B is a 500M camera module with a DVP interface. For more details refer to Matirx-CAM500B.
The CAM500B module doesn't support hot-plug therefore you need to connect it to your board before power on your board. For more details refer to Matirx-CAM500B.
After Android is booted you can test the camera module with Android's internal camera application. You can switch between picture taking and video recording by sliding your hand from the left edge of the screen to the right edge and you will see the following window:

You can also change your settings on this window. For instance you can change image resolution by clicking on the "settings" icon:

For now the resolution for picture taking is only 1920 x 1080 (2.1 Mpx) and the resolutions for video recording are SD 480p/HD 720p/ HD 1080p.

9 Compile Android Source Code

9.1 Preparations

• You need a host PC running a 64bit Linux(FriendlyELEC used a Ubuntu-14.04 LTS-64bit system) and install the following packages on the system:

$ sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
$ sudo apt-get install flex curl libncurses5-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom
$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
$ sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils device-tree-compiler liblz4-tool

• Clone the lichee source code:

$ git clone https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/h5_lichee.git lichee -b master-android7.0

Note: lichee is an Allwinner project for its CPUs. This project package contains U-boot's source code, Linux source code and various installation scripts. Generating an Android image relies on this "lichee" directory and its name cannot be changed.
"-b master-android7.0" means the "master-android7.0" branch will be used. Generating an Android image from Android 7.0's source code relies on this branch.

• Clone Android Source Code:

$ git clone https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/h5_android-7.0 android

Since generating an Android image relies on the utilities in the lichee source code. You need to clone Android's source code under the directory where the lichee directory is located and keep the directory's name as "android":

$ ls ./
android lichee

• Download Cross Compiler:

To compile the lichee source code you need to go to download link and go to the "toolchain" directory and download the cross compiler "gcc-linaro-arm-4.6.3.tar.xz" and "gcc-linaro-aarch64.tar.xz".
"gcc-linaro-arm-4.6.3.tar.xz" is used to compile U-boot and "gcc-linaro-aarch64.tar.xz" is used to compile a Linux kernel. After download is done copy them to the "lichee/brandy/toochain/" directory.
When compiling U-boot and Linux kernel these two cross compilers will be called.

9.2 Introduction to lichee/fa_tools Scripts

The scripts under the lichee/fa_tools directory are developed by FriendlyElec engineers for simplifying compilation and installation of the lichee project. Here are some tips.

• build.sh is used to compile the whole lichee directory and U-boot/Linux kernel, generate an image file and clean the lichee directory after compilation is done. Here is its usage:
  

$ ./build.sh 
Usage: build.sh -b board[nanopi-k1-plus] -p platform[android] -t target[all|u-boot|kernel|pack|clean]

option	comment
b	board model
p	OS, now only Android is supported
t	source code this compilation will work on, for Android: "all" means the whole lichee; "u-boot" means only the U-boot; "kernel" means only the Linux kernel; "pack" means generating an image file. This option actually runs the "pack" command on the Android source code. The precondition to run "pack" successfully is to compile "lichee" and the Android source code successfully. "clean" means clearing the lichee directory, temporary files and the U-boot\Linux kernel file.

• fuse.sh is used to flash a TF card or fastboot:
  

$ ./fuse.sh
Usage: fuse.sh -d device[/dev/sd|fastboot] -p platform[android] -t target[u-boot|env.fex|boot.fex|system.fex]

Option	Comment
d	a device to which an image file will be installed, it can be either a TF card or "fastboot"
p	for now it can only be Android
t	the target this operation will work on, for Android: "u-boot" means to install U-boot; "env.fex" means boot arguments, "lichee/tools/pack/out/env.fex" is converted from "lichee/tools/pack/chips/sun50iw2p1/configs/default/env.cfg"; "boot.fex" means to install boot.img, "lichee/tools/pack/out/boot.fex" points to "android/out/target/product/cheetah-p1/boot.img"; "system.fex" means to install system.img, "lichee/tools/pack/out/system.fex" points to "android/out/target/product/cheetah-p1/system.img";

• format_sd.sh is used to format a TF card:
  

$ ./format_sd.sh /dev/sdX

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdX" with the device name your TF card is recognized as.
To avoid flashing to a PC's hard disk a device with storage more than 32G will not be allowed to be a target device.

9.3 Compile Android

• Compile lichee source code, U-boot and Linux Kernel:
  

$ cd lichee/fa_tools/
$ ./build.sh -b nanopi-k1-plus -p android -t all

• Select openJDK-8.0:
  

$ update-alternatives --config java
$ update-alternatives --config javac

Compiling Android7.0 relies on openJDK-8.0。

• Compile Android source code and generate an Android image file:
  

$ cd android
$ ./build.sh

After compilation is done an Android image "sun50iw2p1_android_cheetah-p1_uart0.img" will be generated under the "lichee/tools/pack/" directory.

10 Make Your Own Android System

10.1 Tech Documents Provided by Allwinner

lichee/doc/allwinner-h5-doc.zip contains development documents provided by Allwinner. If you want to make your own Android system these are must-read reference materials:

• 《H5 SDK Quick Start Guide V1.0.pdf》
• 《H5 Android定制化文档V1.0.pdf》
• 《H5 Lichee使用说明书V1.0.pdf》
• 《H5 sys_config.fex使用配置说明V1.0.pdf》

10.2 Compile and Update U-boot

Note: you need to compile the lichee directory successfully before you compile U-boot. If you want to compile only U-boot you can run the following commands:

$ cd lichee/fa_tools/
$ ./build.sh -b nanopi-k1-plus -p android -t u-boot

This will compile the "brandy/u-boot-2014.07" source code and call the "pack" command(to pack a kernel's dtb file, sys_config.fex and u-boot) and generate a "boot0_sdcard.fex" and a "boot_package.fex" under the "tools/pack/out/" directory.
You can flash "boot0_sdcard.fex" and "boot_package.fex" to a TF card by running the following commands:

$ cd lichee/fa_tools/
$ ./fuse.sh -d /dev/sdX -p android -t u-boot

You need to replace "/dev/sdX" with the device name your TF card is recognized as.
These operations will update the dtb and sys_config.fex files on your TF card.

10.3 Compile and Update Linux Kernel

Note:you need to compile the lichee directory successfully before you can compile a Linux kernel. If you want to compile only a Linux kernel you can run the following commands:

$ cd lichee/fa_tools/
$ ./build.sh -b nanopi-k1-plus -p android -t kernel

After compilation is done a bImage and drivers will be generated under the "linux-3.10/output" directory. When compiling an Android source code the build.sh script will run the "extract-bsp" command to get the bImage and drivers from the "output" directory.
If you want to update the Linux kernel on your TF card you need to generate a new boot.img. You can run the following commands:

$ cd android
$ build.sh bootimage

After compilation is done a "lichee/tools/pack/out/boot.fex" file will be generated and it points to "android/out/target/product/cheetah-p1/boot.img". You can flash the boot.fex file by running the following commands:

$ cd lichee/fa_tools
$ ./fuse.sh -d /dev/sdX -p android -t boot.fex

You need to replace /dev/sdX the with device name your TF card is recognized as.

10.4 Flash with Fastboot

If you have successfully booted U-boot on your board you can flash Android components with USB:
(1) Connect a MicroUSB cable to your board and a host PC;
(2) Power on your board, press any key to enter the U-boot mode in a serial port;
(3) Run "fastboot";
(4) Run the following commands to update the Android components on your board:

$ cd lichee/fa_tools/
$ ./fuse.sh -d fastboot -p android -t u-boot
$ ./fuse.sh -d fastboot -p android -t env.fex
$ ./fuse.sh -d fastboot -p android -t boot.fex
$ ./fuse.sh -d fastboot -p android -t system.fex

11 More OS Support

11.1 DietPi

DietPi is a highly optimised & minimal Debian-based Linux distribution. DietPi is extremely lightweight at its core, and also extremely easy to install and use.
Setting up a single board computer (SBC) or even a computer, for both regular or server use, takes time and skill. DietPi provides an easy way to install and run favourite software you choose.
For more information, please visit this link https://dietpi.com/docs/.

DietPi supports many of the NanoPi board series, you may download the image file from here:

• https://dietpi.com/docs/hardware/#nanopi-series-friendlyarm
  

12 Build Kernel Headers Package

The following commands need to be executed on the development board:

12.1 Software Version

The OS image file name: nanopi-XXX_sd_friendlycore-focal_4.14_arm64_YYYYMMDD.img

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal
 
$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.14.111 (root@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.3.1 20170109 (Linaro GCC 6.3-2017.02)) #192 SMP Thu Jun 10 15:47:26 CST 2021

12.2 Install the required packages

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y dpkg-dev libarchive-tools

12.3 Build Kernel Headers Package

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux -b sunxi-4.14.y --depth 1 kernel-h5
cd kernel-h5
rm -rf .git
make distclean
touch .scmversion
make CROSS_COMPILE= ARCH=arm64 sunxi_arm64_defconfig
alias tar=bsdtar
make CROSS_COMPILE= ARCH=arm64 bindeb-pkg -j4

The following message is displayed to indicate completion:

dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-headers-4.14.111' in '../linux-headers-4.14.111_4.14.111-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-libc-dev' in '../linux-libc-dev_4.14.111-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-image-4.14.111' in '../linux-image-4.14.111_4.14.111-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-genchanges: warning: substitution variable ${kernel:debarch} used, but is not defined
dpkg-genchanges: info: binary-only upload (no source code included)

12.4 Installation

sudo dpkg -i ../linux-headers-4.14.111_4.14.111-1_arm64.deb

12.5 Testing

To compile the pf_ring module as an example, refer to the documentation: https://www.ntop.org/guides/pf_ring/get_started/git_installation.html.

git clone https://github.com/ntop/PF_RING.git
cd PF_RING/kernel/
make

After compiling, use insmod to try to load the module:

sudo insmod ./pf_ring.ko

13 Work with External Modules

13.1 Matrix - 2'8 SPI Key TFT LCD Module

The Matrix-2'8_SPI_Key_TFT LCD module is a 2.8' TFT LCD module with resistive touch. It uses the ST7789S IC and XPT2046 resistive touch IC. The LCD's resolution is 240 * 320. Its interface is SPI. The module has three independent buttons which are user-configurable. For more details refer to:Matrix - 2'8 SPI Key TFT

15 Resources

15.1 Datasheet and Schematics

• Schematic: Schematic_NanoPi-K1_Plus-1712_20171214.pdf
• Dimensions: Dimensions_NanoPi_K1_Plus-V1.0-1712_pcb(dxf).rar
• H5 Datasheet: Allwinner_H5_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf

• unofficial ROM
  • DietPi
  • armbian

• article
  • [1]

16 Update Log

16.1 April-19-2018

• Released English Version

16.2 August-12-2018

• Added sections 8, 9 and 10