NanoPi R1S-H3

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

The NanoPi R1S(as "R1S")is an open source IoT ARM board designed and developed by FriendlyElec for hobbyists, makers and developers.
The NanoPi R1S has two Gbps Ethernet ports, an onboard 2.4G Wi-Fi module. FriendlyElec ported OpenWrt for the NanoPi R1S. By applying some simple configurations it will work as a router.

2 Hardware Spec

CPU: Allwinner H3, Quad-core Cortex-A7 Up to 1.2GHz
DDR3 RAM: 512MB
Network：
- 10/100/1000M以太网口 x 1
- USB2.0转10/100/1000M以太网口 x 1
Wi-Fi: 802.11b/g/n，提供IPX天线接口（第一代，圆环直径2.0mm）。
USB Host: Type-A x1
MicroSD Slot x 1
MicroUSB: 供电和Slave功能
Debug Serial Port: 3.3V TTL电平，3Pin 2.54mm间距排针
LED: LED x 3
KEY: KEY x 1 用户自定义功能
PC Size: 55.6 x 52mm
Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
Temperature measuring range: -20℃ to 70℃
OS/Software: U-boot，Ubuntu-Core，OpenWrt

实测网络速率

	TX	RX
WAN	672 Mbps	930 Mbps
LAN	320 Mbps	334 Mbps
WiFi-2.4G	84 Mbps	76.6 Mbps
Notes：	1、测试工具：iperf 2、使用独立IP地址段和PC机单向通讯测试

3 接口布局和尺寸

3.1 接口布局

更详细的信息请查看原理图：[httpic.pdf NanoPi_R1S_V1.0_1908-Schematic.pdf]

3.2 机械尺寸

File:NanoPi R1S-dimensions.png

详细尺寸：[httpXF.rar NanoPi R1S PCB的dxf文件]

4 快速入门

4.1 准备工作

要开启你的NanoPi R1S-H3新玩具，请先准备好以下硬件

NanoPi R1S-H3主板
MicroSD卡/TF卡: Class10或以上的 8GB SDHC卡
一个MicroUSB接口的外接电源，要求输出为5V/2A（可使用同规格的手机充电器）
一台电脑，需要联网，建议使用Ubuntu 16.04 64位系统

4.2 经测试使用的TF卡

制作启动NanoPi R1S-H3的TF卡时，建议Class10或以上的 8GB SDHC卡。以下是经友善电子测试验证过的高速TF卡：

SanDisk闪迪 TF 8G Class10 microSD 高速 TF卡：

SanDisk闪迪 TF 128G 至尊高速 Class10 microSDXC TF 128G 48MB/S:

川宇 8G手机内存卡 TF 8G 卡存储卡 C10 高速 Class10 microSD卡：

4.3 安装系统

4.3.1 下载系统固件

首先访问下载地址下载需要的固件文件(officail-ROMs目录)和烧写工具(tools目录)：

使用以下固件：
nanopi-r1s-h3_sd_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	基于 UbuntuCore 构建的 FriendlyCore 系统固件，使用 Linux-4.14内核
nanopi-r1s-h3_sd_friendlywrt_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	基于 OpenWrt 构建的 FriendlyWrt 系统固件，使用 Linux-4.14 内核
烧写工具：
win32diskimager.rar	Windows平台下的系统烧写工具，Linux平台下可以用dd命令烧写系统

4.3.2 Linux

4.3.2.1 Flash to TF

FriendlyCore / Debian / Ubuntu / OpenWrt / DietPi are all based on a same Linux distribution and their installation methods are the same.
Extract the Linux image and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.

After it is installed you will see the following window:

Insert this card into your board's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the PWR LED is on and the STAT LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
;

5 Work with OpenWrt

5.1 Introduction

OpenWrt is a highly extensible GNU/Linux distribution for embedded devices.Unlike many other distributions for routers, OpenWrt is built from the ground up to be a full-featured, easily modifiable operating system for embedded devices. In practice, this means that you can have all the features you need with none of the bloat, powered by a modern Linux kernel. For more details you can refer to:OpenWrt Website.

5.2 System Login

Login via Serial Port

When you do kernel development you'd better get a serial communication board. After you connect your board to a serial communication board you will be able to do development work from a commandline utility.
Here is a hardware setup:
After you connect your board to a serial communication board (e.g. FriendlyElec's serial communication board) you can power the whole system from either the DC port on the serial communication board or the MicroUSB port(if there is one) on your board:

or you can use a USB to serial board and power on the whole system at the MicroUSB port with a 5V/2A power:

By default you will login as root without a password. You can use "passwd" to set a password for root.

On first boot the system will automatically extend the file system on the TF card to the max capacity:

Please wait for this to be done.

Login via SSH

In FriendlyElec's OpenWrt system the Ethernet(eth0) is configured as WAN.
Before power on your board make sure your board is connected to a master router's LAN with an Ethernet cable and the eth0 will be assigned an IP address by DHCP.
For example, if your eth0 is assigned an IP address 192.168.1.163 you can login with SSH by running the following command:

$ ssh root@192.168.1.163

You can login without a password.

Login via Web

You can login OpenWrt via a LuCI Web page.
After you go through all the steps in <Login via SSH> and get an IP address e.g. 192.168.1.163 for the Ethernet connection, type this IP address in a browser's address bar and you will be able to login OpenWrt-LuCI:

By default you will login as root without a password, just click on "Login" to login.

5.3 Manage Software Packages

OpenWrt has a package management utility: opkg. You can get its details by running the following command:

$ opkg
Package Manipulation:
        update                  Update list of available packages
        upgrade <pkgs>          Upgrade packages
        install <pkgs>          Install package(s)
        configure <pkgs>        Configure unpacked package(s)
        remove <pkgs|regexp>    Remove package(s)
        flag <flag> <pkgs>      Flag package(s)
         <flag>=hold|noprune|user|ok|installed|unpacked (one per invocation)
 
Informational Commands:
        list                    List available packages
        list-installed          List installed packages
        list-upgradable         List installed and upgradable packages
        list-changed-conffiles  List user modified configuration files
        files <pkg>             List files belonging to <pkg>
        search <file|regexp>    List package providing <file>
        find <regexp>           List packages whose name or description matches <regexp>
        info [pkg|regexp]       Display all info for <pkg>
        status [pkg|regexp]     Display all status for <pkg>
        download <pkg>          Download <pkg> to current directory
...

These are just part of the manual. Here are some popular opkg commands.

Update Package List

Before you install a package you'd better update the package list:

$ opkg update

Check Available Packages

$ opkg list

At the time of writing there are 3241 packages available.

Check Installed Packages:

$ opkg list-installed

At the time of writing 124 packages have been installed.

Install/Delete Packages:

$ opkg install <pkgs>
$ opkg remove <pkgs>

Check Files Contained in Installed Packages:

$ opkg files <pkg>

Install Chinese Language Package for LuCI

$ opkg install luci-i18n-base-zh-cn

Check Changed Files:

$ opkg list-changed-conffiles

Reference Links:
- openwrt opkg

5.4 Check System Status

Check CPU Temperature & Frequency via Commandline

$ cpu_freq 
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz

These messages mean that there are four CPU cores working online simultaneously. Each core's temperature is 26.5 degrees in Celsius, the scheduling policy is on-demand and the working frequency is 624MHz. You can set the frequency by running the following command:

$ cpu_freq -s 1008000
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz

These messages mean four CPU cores are working online. Each core's temperature is 26.5 degrees. Each core's governor is on demand and the frequency is 480 MHz.

Check System Status on OpenWrt-LuCI Web Page

After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to "Statistics ---> Graphs" and you will see various system statistics e.g.:
1) System Load:

2) RAM:

3) CPU Temperature:

All the statistics listed on the Statistics page are presented by the luci-app-statistics package which uses the Collectd utility to collect data and presents them with the RRDtool utility.
If you want to get more statistics you can install other collectd-mod-* packages. All collectd-mod-* packages use the same configuration file: /etc/config/luci_statistics.

Reference Links:

5.5 Check Network->Interfaces Configurations

After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to "Network" ---> "Interfaces" and you will see the current network's configurations:

All the configurations listed on the Network->Interfaces page are stored in the "/etc/config/network" file.

5.6 Check Netwrok->Wireless Configurations

After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to Network ---> Wireless and you will see the WiFi hotspot's configurations:

A default WiFi AP's hotspot name looks like "OpenWrt-10:d0:7a:de:3d:92". It doesn't have a password. You can connect your smart phone to it and browse the internet.

All the configurations listed on the Network->Wireless page are stored in the "/etc/config/wireless" file.

5.7 Check LED Configurations

After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to System ---> LED Configuration and you will see the LED's configurations:

By default the LED is configured as follows:

LED1: heart-beat LED. If this LED doesn't blink it means the system is dead and it needs to be restarted.
LED2: status LED for Gbps Ethernet eth0 WAN. If WAN works this LED will be solid on otherwise it will be off. You can check the "Transmit" / "Receive" box to set the LED to blink when WAN transmits / receives data.
LED3: status LED for Fast Ethernet eth1 LAN. If LAN works this LED will be solid on otherwise it will be off. You can check the "Transmit" / "Receive" box to set the LED to blink when LAN transmits / receives data.

Reference Links:
- openwrt led_configuration

5.8 Check BUTTON Configurations

FriendlyElec's OpenWrt system uses the triggerhappy utility to configure BUTTON's functions. By default when BUTTON is pressed a reboot will be triggered. If the system needs to be rebooted we suggest you use BUTTON to trigger a reboot. This prevents the file system from being damaged by accidental system shutdown.
The configurations for the triggerhappy utility are stored in the "/etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/example.conf" file.

Reference Links:
- openwrt hardware.button

5.9 USB WiFi

Currently the NanoPi NEO2 Black only works with a RTL8821CU USB WiFi dongle, plug and play. After this module is connected to the board it will by default work under AP mode and the hotspot's name is "rtl8821cu-mac address" and the password is "password";

5.10 Huawei's WiFi 2 mini(E8372H-155) Module

After this module is connected to the board it will be plug and play. The hotspot's name is "HUAWEI-8DA5". You can connect a device to the internet by connecting to this hotspot.

6 Work with FriendlyCore

6.1 Introduction

FriendlyCore is a light Linux system without X-windows, based on ubuntu core, It uses the Qt-Embedded's GUI and is popular in industrial and enterprise applications.

Besides the regular Ubuntu Core's features FriendlyCore has the following additional features:

it integrates Qt4.8;
it integrates NetworkManager;
it has bluez and Bluetooth related packages;
it has alsa packages;
it has npi-config;
it has RPiGPIO, a Python GPIO module;
it has some Python/C demo in /root/ directory;
it enables 512M-swap partition;

6.2 System Login

If your board is connected to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and keyboard.
If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will

allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.Here is a setup where we connect a board to a PC via the PSU-ONECOM and you can power on your board from either the PSU-ONECOM or its MicroUSB:

You can use a USB to Serial conversion board too.
Make sure you use a 5V/2A power to power your board from its MicroUSB port:

FriendlyCore User Accounts:

Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

Update packages

$ sudo apt-get update

6.3 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility.

$ sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:

6.4 Develop Qt Application

Please refer to: How to Build and Install Qt Application for FriendlyELEC Boards

6.5 Setup Program to AutoRun

You can setup a program to autorun on system boot with npi-config:

sudo npi-config

Go to Boot Options -> Autologin -> Qt/Embedded, select Enable and reboot.

6.6 Extend TF Card's Section

When FriendlyCore is loaded the TF card's section will be automatically extended.You can check the section's size by running the following command:

$ df -h

6.7 WiFi

For either an SD WiFi or a USB WiFi you can connect it to your board in the same way. The APXX series WiFi chips are SD WiFi chips. By default FriendlyElec's system supports most popular USB WiFi modules. Here is a list of the USB WiFi modules we tested:

Index	Model
1	RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2	RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3	RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4	RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5	mi WiFi mt7601
6	5G USB WiFi RTL8821CU
7	5G USB WiFi RTL8812AU

You can use the NetworkManager utility to manage network. You can run "nmcli" in the commandline utility to start it. Here are the commands to start a WiFi connection:

Change to root

$ su root

Check device list

$ nmcli dev

Note: if the status of a device is "unmanaged" it means that device cannot be accessed by NetworkManager. To make it accessed you need to clear the settings under "/etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your system.

Start WiFi

$ nmcli r wifi on

Scan Surrounding WiFi Sources

$ nmcli dev wifi

Connect to a WiFi Source

$ nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD" ifname wlan0

The "SSID" and "PASSWORD" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.If you have multiple WiFi devices you need to specify the one you want to connect to a WiFi source with iface
If a connection succeeds it will be automatically setup on next system reboot.

For more details about NetworkManager refer to this link: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

If your USB WiFi module doesn't work most likely your system doesn't have its driver. For a Debian system you can get a driver from Debian-WiFi and install it on your system. For a Ubuntu system you can install a driver by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install linux-firmware

In general all WiFi drivers are located at the "/lib/firmware" directory.

6.8 Ethernet Connection

If a board is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP with DHCP activated after it is powered up. If you want to set up a static IP refer to: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings。

6.9 Custom welcome message

The welcome message is printed from the script in this directory：

/etc/update-motd.d/

For example, to change the FriendlyELEC LOGO, you can change the file /etc/update-motd.d/10-header. For example, to change the LOGO to HELLO, you can change the following line：

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal $BOARD_VENDOR

To:

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal HELLO

6.10 Modify timezone

For exampe, change to Shanghai timezone:

sudo rm /etc/localtime
sudo ln -ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

6.11 Connect to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

The FA-CAM202 is a 200M USB camera. Connect your board to camera module. Then boot OS, connect your board to a network, log into the board as root and run "mjpg-streamer":

$ cd /root/C/mjpg-streamer
$ make
$ ./start.sh

You need to change the start.sh script and make sure it uses a correct /dev/videoX node. You can check your camera's node by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install v4l-utils
$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 -D
Driver Info (not using libv4l2):
        Driver name   : uvcvideo
        Card type     : HC 3358+2100: HC 3358+2100  / USB 2.0 Camera: USB 2.0 Camera
        Bus info      : usb-1c1b000.usb-1
	...

The above messages indicate that "/dev/video0" is camera's device node.The mjpg-streamer application is an open source video steam server. After it is successfully started the following messages will be popped up:

 
$ ./start.sh
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

start.sh runs the following two commands:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)"
./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -d /dev/video0 -y 1 -r 1280x720 -f 30 -q 90 -n -fb 0" -o "./output_http.so -w ./www"

Here are some details for mjpg_streamer's major options:
-i: input device. For example "input_uvc.so" means it takes input from a camera;
-o: output device. For example "output_http.so" means the it transmits data via http;
-d: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's device node;
-y: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's data format: 1:yuyv, 2:yvyu, 3:uyvy 4:vyuy. If this option isn't defined MJPEG will be set as the data format;
-r: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's resolution;
-f: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's fps. But whether this fps is supported depends on its driver;
-q: input device's subparameter. It defines the quality of an image generated by libjpeg soft-encoding;
-n: input device's subparameter. It disables the dynctrls function;
-fb: input device's subparameter. It specifies whether an input image is displayed at "/dev/fbX";
-w: output device's subparameter. It defines a directory to hold web pages;

In our case the board's IP address was 192.168.1.230. We typed 192.168.1.230:8080 in a browser and were able to view the images taken from the camera's. Here is what you would expect to observe:

6.12 Check CPU's Working Temperature

You can get CPU's working temperature by running the following command:

$ cpu_freq 
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz

This message means there are currently four CPUs working. All of their working temperature is 26.5 degree in Celsius and each one's clock is 624MHz.
Set CPU frequency:

$ cpu_freq -s 1008000
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz

6.13 Test Infrared Receiver

Note: Please Check your board if IR receiver exist.
By default the infrared function is disabled you can enable it by using the npi-config utility:

$ npi-config
    6 Advanced Options     Configure advanced settings
        A8 IR              Enable/Disable IR
            ir Enable/Disable ir[enabled]

Reboot your system and test its infrared function by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install ir-keytable
$ echo "+rc-5 +nec +rc-6 +jvc +sony +rc-5-sz +sanyo +sharp +mce_kbd +xmp" > /sys/class/rc/rc0/protocols   # Enable infrared
$ ir-keytable -t
Testing events. Please, press CTRL-C to abort.

"ir-keytable -t" is used to check whether the receiver receives infrared signals. You can use a remote control to send infrared signals to the receiver. If it works you will see similar messages as follows:

1522404275.767215: event type EV_MSC(0x04): scancode = 0xe0e43
1522404275.767215: event type EV_SYN(0x00).
1522404278.911267: event type EV_MSC(0x04): scancode = 0xe0e42
1522404278.911267: event type EV_SYN(0x00).

6.14 How to install and use docker (for armhf system)

6.14.1 How to Install Docker

Run the following commands：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker.io

6.14.2 Test Docker installation

Test that your installation works by running the simple docker image:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/debian-jessie-arm-docker
cd debian-jessie-arm-docker
./rebuild-image.sh
./run.sh

7 Developer's Guide

System Development

Image Utilities

System Configurations
- npi-config
- Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

Hardware Access

8 资源链接

8.1 手册原理图等开发资料

原理图
- NanoPi_R1S_V1.0_1908-Schematic.pdf

尺寸图
- NanoPi_R1S_V1.0_1908 PCB的dxf文件

H3芯片手册 Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf

9 ChangeLog

2023-11-07
h3 FriendlyCore：
- Upgrade to Ubuntu Core 22.04;
h3 Debian Core：
- Add Debian bookworm core;