NanoPi M4

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Revision as of 08:09, 13 November 2018 by Tzs (Talk | contribs) (updated by API)

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Contents

1 Introduction

Overview
Front
Back
  • The NanoPi M4 is a RK3399 SoC based ARM board. It has the same form of factor as the RPi B3+ and has ports and interfaces compatible with RPi B3+ too. On a 85 x 56 mm compact board there are rich hardware resources. These features make it a good platform for rapid product prototyping and various applications.
  • The NanoPi M4 has an onboard 2.4G & 5G dual-band WiFi + Bluetooth 4.1 combo wireless module, four USB3.0 Type A host ports, one Gbps Ethernet port, one HDMI 2.0 Type A port, one 3.5mm audio jack and one Type-C port. In addition it has a RPi compatible 40-pin connector, dual MIPI-CSI camera interface, PCIe x2, USB2.0 x2, eMMC socket, RTC port and etc.
  • The NanoPi M4 has two RAM options: 4GB LPDDR3 and 2GB DDR3. Both can be booted from either a TF card or an external eMMC module.
  • The NanoPi M4 supports Ubuntu Desktop 18.04(64-bit), Lubuntu 16.04(32-bit), Ubuntu Core 18.04(64-bit), Android 7.1 and Lubuntu Desktop with GPU and VPU acceleration. With these rich resources and powerful performance it can be widely used in applications of machine learning, AI, deep learning, robots, industrial control, industrial cameras, advertisement machines, game machines, blockchain and etc.

2 Hardware Spec

  • SoC: Rockchip RK3399
    • CPU: big.LITTLE，Dual-Core Cortex-A72(up to 2.0GHz) + Quad-Core Cortex-A53(up to 1.5GHz)
    • GPU: Mali-T864 GPU，supports OpenGL ES1.1/2.0/3.0/3.1, OpenVG1.1, OpenCL, DX11, and AFBC
    • VPU: 4K VP9 and 4K 10bits H265/H264 60fps decoding, Dual VOP, etc
  • PMU: RK808-D PMIC, cooperated with independent DC/DC, enabling DVFS, solfware power-down, RTC wake-up, system sleep mode
  • RAM: Dual-Channel 4GB LPDDR3-1866, or Dual-Channel 2GB DDR3-1866
  • Flash: no Onboard eMMC, but has a eMMC socket
  • Ethernet: Native Gigabit Ethernet
  • Wi-Fi/BT: 802.11a/b/g/n/ac, Bluetooth 4.1, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth combo module, dual antenna interface
  • Video Input: one or two 4-Lane MIPI-CSI, dual ISP, up to 13MPix/s，supports simultaneous input of dual camera data
  • Video output
    • HDMI: HDMI 2.0a, supports 4K@60Hz，HDCP 1.4/2.2
    • one 4-Lane MIPI-DSI
  • Audio Out: 3.5mm Dual channel headphone jack, or HDMI
  • Audio In: one microphone input interface
  • USB 3.0: four USB 3.0 Type-A ports
  • USB Type-C: Supports USB2.0 OTG and Power input
  • microSD Slot x 1
  • 40Pin GPIO Extension ports:
    • 3 X 3V/1.8V I2C, up to 1 x 3V UART, 1 X 3V SPI, 1 x SPDIF_TX, up to 8 x 3V GPIOs
    • 1 x 1.8V 8 channels I2S
  • 24Pin Extension ports:
    • 2 independent native USB 2.0 Host
    • PCIe x2
    • PWM x1, PowerKey
  • Debug: one Debug UART, 4 Pin 2.54mm header, 3V level, 1500000bps
  • LED: 1 x power LED and 1 x GPIO Controlled LED
  • RTC Battery: 2 Pin 1.27/1.25mm RTC battery input connector
  • Power supply: DC 5V/3A
  • PCB: 8 Layer, 85 mm x 56 mm
  • Ambient Operating Temperature: -20℃ to 70℃

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi M4 Layout
NanoPi M4 Layout
  • 40-Pin GPIO1 Pin Spec
Pin# Assignment Pin# Assignment
1 VCC3V3_SYS 2 VDD_5V
3 I2C2_SDA(3V) 4 VDD_5V
5 I2C2_SCL(3V) 6 GND
7 GPIO1_A0(3V) 8 GPIO4_C1/I2C3_SCL(3V)
9 GND 10 GPIO4_C0/I2C3_SDA(3V)
11 GPIO1_A1(3V) 12 GPIO1_C2(3V)
13 GPIO1_A3(3V) 14 GND
15 GPIO1_A4(3V) 16 GPIO1_C6(3V)
17 VCC3V3_SYS 18 GPIO1_C7(3V)
19 SPI1_TXD/UART4_TX(3V) 20 GND
21 SPI1_RXD/UART4_RX(3V) 22 GPIO1_D0(3V)
23 SPI1_CLK(3V) 24 SPI1_CSn0(3V)
25 GND 26 GPIO4_C5/SPDIF_TX(3V)
27 I2C2_SDA(1.8V) 28 I2C2_SCL(1.8V)
29 I2S0_LRCK_RX(1.8V) 30 GND
31 I2S0_LRCK_TX(1.8V) 32 I2S_CLK(1.8V)
33 I2S0_SCLK(1.8V) 34 GND
35 I2S0_SDI0(1.8V) 36 I2S0_SDO0(1.8V)
37 I2S0_SDI1SDO3(1.8V) 38 I2S0_SDI2SDO2(1.8V)
39 GND 40 I2S0_SDI3SDO1(1.8V)
  • 24-Pin GPIO2 Pin Spec
Pin# Assignment Pin# Assignment
1 VCC5V0_SYS 2 VCC5V0_SYS
3 PCIE_RX1_P 4 PCIE_TX1P
5 PCIE_RX1_N 6 PCIE_TX1N
7 GND 8 GND
9 PCIE_RX0_P 10 PCIE_TX0P
11 PCIE_RX0_N 12 PCIE_TX0N
13 GND 14 GND
15 PCIE_REF_CLKP 16 HOST0_DM
17 PCIE_REF_CLKN 18 HOST0_DP
19 GND 20 GND
21 PWR_KEY 22 HOST1_DM
23 GPIO4_C6/PWM1(3V) 24 HOST1_DP
  • MIPI-CSI Interface Pin Spec
0.5mm FPC Connector
MIPI-CSI2 can be configured to MIPI-DSI
Pin# MIPI-CSI1 MIPI-CSI2 Description
1 VCC5V0_SYS VCC5V0_SYS 5V Power ouput
2 VCC5V0_SYS VCC5V0_SYS 5V Power ouput
3 GND GND Return current path
4 VCC_CSI_AF2.8V VCC_CSI_AF2.8V 2.8V Power for VCM
5 VCC_CSI_1.2V VCC_CSI_1.2V 1.2V Power for image sensor core circuit
6 VCC1V8_CAM VCC1V8_CAM 1.8V power for I/O circuit
7 VCC_CSI_2.8V VCC_CSI_2.8V 2.8V power for image sensor analog circuit
8 VCC_CSI_1.0V VCC_CSI_1.0V 1.0V Power for image sensor core circuit
9 I2C1_SCL I2C2_SCL 1.8V I2C clock signal
10 I2C1_SDA I2C2_SDA 1.8V I2C data signal
11 MIPI_CSI0_RST MIPI_CSI1_RST reset camera module
12 MIPI_CSI0_PWN MIPI_CSI1_PWN Power down camera module
13 GND GND Return current path
14 GPIO2_B3_CIF_CLKOUTA GPIO2_B3_CIF_CLKOUTA MCLK to camera module
15 GND GND Return current path
16 MIPI_RX0_D3P MIPI_TX1/RX1_D3P MIPI CSI positive differential data line transceiver output
17 MIPI_RX0_D3N MIPI_TX1/RX1_D3N MIPI CSI negative differential data line transceiver output
18 GND GND Return current path
19 MIPI_RX0_D2P MIPI_TX1/RX1_D2P MIPI CSI positive differential data line transceiver output
20 MIPI_RX0_D2N MIPI_TX1/RX1_D2N MIPI CSI negative differential data line transceiver output
21 GND GND Return current path
22 MIPI_RX0_D1P MIPI_TX1/RX1_D1P MIPI CSI positive differential data line transceiver output
23 MIPI_RX0_D1N MIPI_TX1/RX1_D1N MIPI CSI negative differential data line transceiver output
24 GND GND Return current path
25 MIPI_RX0_CLKP MIPI_TX1/RX1_CLKP MIPI CSI positive differential clock line transceiver output
26 MIPI_RX0_CLKN MIPI_TX1/RX1_CLKN MIPI CSI negative differential clock line transceiver output
27 GND GND Return current path
28 MIPI_RX0_D0P MIPI_TX1/RX1_D0P MIPI CSI positive differential data line transceiver output
29 MIPI_RX0_D0N MIPI_TX1/RX1_D0N MIPI CSI negative differential data line transceiver output
30 GND GND Return current path
  • eMMC Socket Pin Spec
Pin# Assignment Pin# Assignment
1 EMMC_D0 2 EMMC_D1
3 EMMC_D2 4 EMMC_D3
5 EMMC_D4 6 EMMC_D5
7 EMMC_D6 8 EMMC_D7
9 EMMC_STRB 10 GND
11 EMMC_CMD 12 EMMC_CLKO
13 N/C 14 GND
15 N/C 16 VCC1V8_S3
17 eMMC_RST 18 VCC3V3_S3
19 GND 20 GND
  • Debug UART Pin Spec
3V level signals, 1500000bps
Pin# Assignment Description
1 GND 0V
2 VCC5V0_SYS 5V power output
3 UART2DBG_TX output
4 UART2DBG_RX intput
  • USB Port
USB 3.0 port has 2A overcurrent protection.
  • RTC
RTC backup current is 27uA.
Connector P/N: Molex 53398-0271
Notes
  1. Power Input : 5V/3A, via USB Type-C or Pin2&Pin4 of the 40-pin GPIO1 header
  2. For more details refer to the Schematic: NanoPi-M4-2GB-1807-Schematic.pdf NanoPi-M4-4GB-1807-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

NanoPi M4 Dimensions

For more details refer to the CAD document: NanoPi-M4-1807-Drawing(dxf).zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi-M4 get the following items ready

  • NanoPi-M4
  • Type-C cable
  • TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
  • USB to serial adapter(optinal, for debugging or access from PC host)
  • 5V/3A Power adapter
  • HDMI monitor or LCD
  • USB keyboard, mouse and possible a USB hub(or a TTL to serial board)
  • A host computer running Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system

4.2 Boot from SD Card

Get the following files from here download link:

  • Get an 8G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary.
Image Files
rk3399-sd-debian-bullseye-core-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 11(Bullseye) Core, No desktop environment, command line only, Kernel version 4.19.y
rk3399-sd-debian-buster-desktop-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 10(buster) Desktop, Uses LXDE as default desktop, Supports hardware acceleration, Kernel version 4.19.y
rk3399-sd-buildroot-linux-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Buildroot image file with Qt5-wayland (base on Rockchip Linux SDK)
rk3399-sd-friendlydesktop-bionic-4.4-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip FriendlyDesktop image file with X Window (base on Ubuntu 18.04 64bit)
rk3399-sd-friendlycore-bionic-4.4-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyCore with Qt 5.10.0 (base on Ubuntu core 18.04) image file, kernel 4.4
rk3399-sd-friendlycore-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyCore with Qt 5.10.0 (base on Ubuntu core 20.04) image file, kernel 4.19
rk3399-sd-friendlycore-lite-focal-5.15-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Lite version, No pre-installed Qt, Base on Ubuntu core 20.04, kernel 5.15
rk3399-sd-lubuntu-desktop-xenial-4.4-armhf-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Lubuntu Desktop image file with X Window
rk3399-sd-android10-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Android 10
rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-YYYYMMDD.img.zip FriendlyWrt image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file，based on OpenWrt 21.02, Pre-installed Docker，kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file，based on OpenWrt 22.03，kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file，based on OpenWrt 22.03, Pre-installed Docker，kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-kernel4-YYYYMMDD.img.zip FriendlyWrt image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 4.19.y
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"
  • Extract these files. Insert an SD card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
  • Insert this card into your board's boot slot and power on, If the PWR LED is on and LED1 is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
  • The Android system does not support starting from the SD card. If you need to run the Android system, please buy the eMMC module, and then burn the Android system to the eMMC to run, referring to the following section.


5 Access hardware

5.1 Access Serial Interface

For now only UART4 is available for users:

Serial Interface Serial Device
UART0 Used by Bluetooth
UART1 Used by Gbps Ethernet
UART2 Used by Serial Debug Port
UART3 Used by Gbps Ethernet
UART4 Available, device name is /dev/ttyS4 (note: this is only applicable for ROM released after 20180618)

6 Work with FriendlyDesktop

Friendlydesktop-home.png

Arduino
Firefox
Scratch

FriendlyDesktop is a light-weighted Ubuntu desktop system. It is based on LXDE and has the following features:
    Latest Version － Based on Ubuntu 18.04 64
    Various Development Utilities － It is compatible with FriendlyCore and has integrated an optimized Qt5.10, QtCreator and Arduino IDE.
    Light-weighted － it consumes relatively less CPU resources than a common desktop system. When a system's RAM is sufficient it can achieve much better performance.
    Less Power Consumption － it consumes relatively less power or resources than a common desktop system to achieve the same performance.
    Compact and Neat － its desktop is based on GTK+ 2 and it supports multiple languages.
    Easy to Use － its GUI looks similar to MS Windows'.
    Customizable － Users can customize LXDE's GUI.
    Compatible － it is compatible with freedesktop.org.
FriendlyELEC has optimized support for Mali GPU and VPU in FriendlyDesktop for RK3399 and integrated drivers for X.org. FriendlyDesktop supports Hardware Cursor, OpenGL graphic acceleration, 4K video playing with hardware decoding.

6.1 Account & Password

Regular Account: 

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root: 

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

6.2 WiFi Connection

Click on the icon on the top right in the FriendlyDesktop's main window, select your wanted WiFi hotspot and proceed with prompts

6.3 HDMI/DP LCD Resolution

Open the system's menu and go to Perferences -> Monitor Settings to customize your settings.
Recommended resolution: 1920x1080@60Hz

6.4 Adjust HDMI overscan

Open the command line terminal and enter the command to operate, Note:
1) You need to login to the desktop;
2) If you are using ssh terminal, please use the same username as the desktop login. The default is pi. You cannot use the root user. you also need to assign the DISPLAY variable:

export DISPLAY=:0.0

6.4.1 Query which resolutions the display supports

xrandr -q

6.4.2 Set resolution

For example set to 1920X1080@60Hz: 

xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 --refresh 60

6.4.3 Adjust the HDMI overscan

For example, the transformation scaling horizontal coordinates by 0.8, vertical coordinates by 1.04 and moving the screen by 35 pixels right and 19 pixels down: 

xrandr --output HDMI-1 --transform 0.80,0,-35,0,1.04,-19,0,0,1

6.4.4 Automatic adjustment at boot

Edit ~/.config/autostart/lxrandr-autostart.desktop，Write the full xrandr command to the key at the beginning of "Exec= as shown below： 

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=LXRandR autostart
Comment=Start xrandr with settings done in LXRandR
Exec=sh -c 'xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 --refresh 50 --transform 1.04,0,-35,0,1.05,-30,0,0,1'
OnlyShowIn=LXDE

6.5 eDP LCD Display Rotation

If you want to rotate an eDP LCD's display you can do it by commanding "xrotate.sh" to rotate its display to 90/180/270 degrees. You can rotate display clockwise by 90 degrees by running the following command as root. This command calls lightdm to make your change effective immediately: 

sudo xrotate.sh -m CW -r

For more details about its options you can run "xrotate -h".
Note: this command doesn't support HDMI display's rotation. If you want to rorate an HDMI's display you need to refer to X11's tech documents and make changes in "/etc/X11/xorg.conf".

Note: when you play a video with hardware decoding your player's display window doesn't rotate with your LCD's display

6.6 Test OpenGL ES

You can test it by clicking on the Terminator icon to start a commandline utility in the System Tools and run the following commands: 

taskset -c 4-5 glmark2-es2

Friendlydesktop-glmark-es.png
Friendlydesktop-glmark-es2-score.jpg

6.7 4K Video Playing

6.7.1 Play with Qt Player with Hardware Decoding

FriendlyDesktop has integrated a Qt5-VideoPlayer utility. This utility has support for Rockchip's gstreamer plug-in and supports 4K video playing with hardware decoding. You can start it by following the steps below: On FriendlyDesktop's main window open "Sound & Video" and click on "Qt5-VideoPlayer".

On the player's main window click on the bottom left's "Open" button to load a video file and double-click on its name on the file list to start video playing. Here is how it looks like. You can set the display window to full screen and adjust the volume:
Friendlydesktop-player.jpg
Qt5-VideoPlayer source code: https://github.com/friendlyarm/rk-player-qt

6.7.2 Play with Linux Command

You can play it by running the following command in a commandline utility: 

gst-player.sh

By default its voice will be output to audio jack. You can locate this script by commanding "which gst-player.sh". You can customize its behavior by making changes in this script.

6.8 Work with USB Camera

Insert the USB camera (such as Logitech C270/C920) into the development board. Double click the "USB Camera" icon on desktop will pop up the luvcview gui (need to use the 2019/05/11+ version firmware).
the luvcview tool is an open source software that you can compile yourself:

git clone https://github.com/ksv1986/luvcview
cd luvcview
make

View the usage of luvcview: 

./luvcview -h

Parameter Description: 

luvcview version 0.2.1
Usage: uvcview [-h -d -g -f -s -i -c -o -C -S -L -l -r]
-h print this message
-d /dev/videoX use videoX device
-g use read method for grab instead mmap
-w disable SDL hardware accel.
-f video format default jpg others options are yuv jpg
-i fps use specified frame interval
-s widthxheight use specified input size
-c enable raw frame capturing for the first frame
-C enable raw frame stream capturing from the start
-S enable raw stream capturing from the start
-o avifile create avifile, default video.avi
-L query valid video formats
-l query valid controls and settings
-r read and set control settings from luvcview.cfg

To preview USB camera (640x360@30fps), you can use the following command: 

./luvcview -d /dev/video8 -i 30 -s 640x360

As you can see from the output of luvcview, hardware acceleration has been turned on: 

pi@NanoPC-T4:/etc/xrdp$ luvcview -d /dev/video8 -i 30 -s 640x360
luvcview version 0.2.1
 interval: 30 fps
Hardware acceleration available
video /dev/video8

6.9 File Transfer with Bluetooth

Click on the "Preferences" in the main window's menu to start Bluetooth Manager and click on "Search" to search surrounding Bluetooth devices. Click on your wanted device, pair the device with your board and you will be able to do file transfer, here is how it looks like:
Friendlydesktop-ble-sendfile.jpg

6.10 Install OpenCV

OpenCV has been pre-installed in FriendlyCore/FriendlyDesktop (Version after 201905) and does not require manual installation.
Please refre this link: https://github.com/friendlyarm/install-opencv-on-friendlycore/blob/rk3399/README.md

6.11 Develop Qt Applications

FriendlyDesktop has a Qt 5.10.0 which supports RK3399's OpenGL ES and Gstreamer 1.0 hardware acceleration and a QtCreator IDE which is ready and can be used to compile and run applications. Here is how it looks like:
Friendlydesktop-qtcreator.png
When running the Qt app, you need to specify the platform parameter to xcb as follows: 

./HelloQt --platform xcb

6.12 WiringPi and Python Wrapper

6.13 Switch audio default output device

6.13.1 View the current default output device

On the terminal of the non-root user, enter the following command: 

pactl info -vvv

The information displayed contains the following, indicating that the current audio output is directed to the headset: 

Default Sink: alsa_output.platform-rt5651-sound.stereo-fallback

The information displayed contains the following, indicating that the current audio output is to HDMI: 

Default Sink: alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback

6.13.2 Set headphone jack as the default output device

On the terminal of the non-root user, enter the following command: 

pactl set-default-sink  alsa_output.platform-rt5651-sound.stereo-fallback

Set default volume to 20%: 

pactl -- set-sink-volume alsa_output.platform-rt5651-sound.stereo-fallback 20%

6.13.3 Set hdmi as the default output device

On the terminal of the non-root user, enter the following command: 

pactl set-default-sink  alsa_output.platform-hdmi-sound.stereo-fallback

6.13.4 View settings have taken effect

cat /var/lib/pulse/*-default-sink

6.13.5 Temporary switching during playback

This method is only valid for the current playback process:
Open the menu "Sound & Video" -> "PulseAudio Volume Control", click the "Built-in Audio Stereo" button on the interface to switch between different output devices, such as switching between HDMI and headphone jack.

6.14 Play RTSP video stream (or IP Camera)

Open a command line terminal and enter the following command: 

gst-launch-1.0 rtspsrc location="rtsp://admin:12345@192.168.1.120:554/live/main" ! rtph264depay ! decodebin ! rkximagesink

Change the address after rtsp:// to the real address.

6.15 Chromium web browser

Chromium web browser has enabled hardware acceleration by default, supports WebGL, and can view hardware acceleration details by entering the URL chrome://gpu, as shown below:
Chromium-gpu.png

6.16 Screen saver and auto sleep related settings

The screen saver configuration file is /etc/xdg/autostart/xset_command.desktop. The default factory settings are that the screen saver and DPMS are both closed. You can change the configuration by modifying this file.

6.17 Install Scratch

enter the following command: 

sudo apt-get install scratch:arm64

6.18 Install Arduino IDE

enter the following command: 

sudo apt-get install arduino:arm64

6.19 Start the program automatically at startup

Put the desktop file in the ~/.config/autostart/ directory, for example： 

cp /usr/share/applications/org.qt-project.qtcreator.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

6.20 Login to the desktop as the root user

Edit the /root/.profile file： 

sudo vim /root/.profile

Replace with the following: 

if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
	. "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

Run the following command to modify the lightdm configuration file and change the automatically logged-in user name to root: 

sudo sed -i 's/autologin-user=pi/autologin-user=root/g' /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/20-defaultsession.conf

Run the reboot command to restart: 

sudo reboot

If you want to log in, the desktop icons and configuration are the same as the pi user, you can copy the relevant directory from the /home/pi directory: 

sudo rm -rf /root/Desktop /root/Pictures /root/.config
sudo cp -af /home/pi/Desktop /home/pi/Pictures /home/pi/.config /root/
sudo chown root:root /root/Desktop /root/Pictures /root/.config

7 Work with FriendlyCore

7.1 Introduction

FriendlyCore is a Ubuntu core based OS which doesn't have X Desktop. Its current version is 18.04

FriendlyCore targets enterprise users and is customized for industrial applications. FriendlyCore and Ubuntu base target different users. FriendlyCore has both a commandline utility and a two GUI utilities:
1）Qt 5.10.0 cuustomized for ROCKCHIP3399. It supports GPU and VPU acceleration and has modules like: QtQuick/QtWebEngine/QtMultimedia/WebGL and three display plug-ins:KMS, EGLFS and XCB;
2) Xorg system. It can run X11 applications and supports hardware acceleration;

FriendlyCore for RK3399 has the following features:

  • supports FriendlyElec's 7"LCD with capacitive touch - HD702. If a board is connected to both an LCD and an HDMI monitor the LCD and the HDMI monitor can be set to display either differently or the same;
  • supports Gstreamer 1.0 multi-media framework;
  • supports hard encoding video playing with either commandline utility or Qt player;
  • supports Qt5 WebGL;
  • supports Qt5 VNC and runs a Qt application as a VNC Server allowing remote control;
  • supports bluetooth. It has preinstalled bluez packages;

7.2 System Login

  • If your board is connected to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and keyboard.
  • If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will

You can use a USB to Serial on NanoPi-M4：
M4usb2serialport.jpg

  • FriendlyCore User Accounts:

Non-root User: 

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root: 

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

  • Update packages
$ sudo apt-get update

7.3 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility. 

$ sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:
npi-config

7.4 Develop Qt Application

The Qt 5.10.0 FriendlyELEC ported for RK3399 supports the following plug-ins:KMS, EGLFS and XCB. All these three plug-ins support OpenGL ES and GPU hardware acceleration but in different ways:

  • KMS - it calls Linux kernel's DRM interface to display
  • EGLFS - it calls OpenGL ES interface to display
  • XCB - it runs on X11 server and is integrated in X11 windows system


Three plug-ins support different Qt features and here is a table:

Plug-in OpenGL ES QtWebEngine QtMultimedia Video Playing with Hardware Decoding Different Display
KMS Yes No Yes No Yes
EGLFS Yes No Yes No No
XCB Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

We recommend to use KMS or XCB.

FriendlyCore has four scripts for setting Qt environmental variables for users and here is a table:

Script Comment
/usr/bin/setqt5env-kms set kms' environmental variables
/usr/bin/setqt5env-eglfs set eglfs' environmental variables
/usr/bin/setqt5env-xcb set xcb's environmental variables
/usr/bin/setqt5env-nogui set environmental variables for a system without a Qt GUI

For instance, if you want to use KMS to display you can run the following commands: 

. setqt5env-kms
./apps

(Note:there is a space between '.' and 's')

7.4.1 Setup Qt Development Envronment

FriendlyELEC developed two methods for RK3399 to cross-compile a Qt program:

7.4.2 Qt Demo

FriendlyCore has several Qt demo programs:

  • Qt QML: CinematicExperience

CinematicExperience is a utility for selecting a video file and it is developed with Qt QML.
This demo uses Qt QML's various features and runs very smoothly on RK3399. This performance is achieved by hardware and software optimization.
You can start it in a commandline utility by running the following commands:

cd /opt/Qt5_CinematicExperience
./run.sh

Here is what it looks like:
Cinematicsexperience.jpg

  • QQt WebEngine: web browser

Qt WebEngine uses Chromium and supports HTML5.
You can start it by running the following commands:

cd /opt/qt5-brower
./run.sh

Here is what it looks like:
Qt5-brower.jpg

Note:Qt WebEngine depends on the Xcb plug-in.

  • Qt Different Display

This demo shows that when a board is connected to an HDMI monitor and an eDP LCD these two devices display differently. You can start it by running the following commands: 

cd /opt/qt5-multi-screen-demo
./run.sh

Here is what it looks like:
Qt5-multi-screen.jpg

  • Qt Multimedia: qt5-player with hard decoding

The qt5-player works with Rockchip's gstreamer plug-in and supports 4K video playing. Since Rockchip's plug-in only supports output images to an X11 window the qt5-player needs to use XCB for display.
You can start the demo by running the following commands:

cd /opt/qt5-player
./run.sh

Here is what it looks like. You can set it to display in full-screen and adjust the voice's volume:
Qt5-player.gif

  • Qt WebGL demo: nmapper

Qt WebGL allows you to remotely access a Qt program running on your board.
Before you run the demo you need to connect your board to the internet and run the following commands:

cd /opt/qt5-nmapper
./run-with-webgl.sh

You can open a browser on another device, type the IP address of your board on the browser's address bar, enter and you will be able to see a Qt GUI. Here is what it looks like:
Qtwebgl.gif

  • Qt VNC demo: Smart home applicance GUI

Qt VNC allows you to run a program as a VNC Server on your board and you can access the program from a VNC client on another device. This program can be developed with either QtWidgets or QML.
You can start it by running the following commands:

cd /opt/qt5-smarthome
./run-with-vnc.sh

Start a VNC viewer on a smart phone or mobile device and type your board's IP address and port number 5900. For instance if your board's IP address is 192.168.1.100 you can type "192.168.1.100:5900", enter and you will see the following GUI:
Qt5smarthomevnc.png

7.4.3 Play with Dual Cameras under Qt

This sample shows how to connect dual cameras to the board and play with them. Before run the sample make sure you connect dual cameras and an LCD to your board. In general popular UVC cameras should work however we suggest users use the following modules which we have tested:

Index Model
1 Logitech C270
2 Logitech C270i
3 Logitech C922 Pro

Run the following commands:

cd /opt/dual-camera
./run.sh

Here is what you expect to observe:
Qt5dualcamera.jpg

7.5 Setup Program to AutoRun

You can setup a program to autorun on system boot with npi-config: 

sudo npi-config

Go to Boot Options -> Autologin -> Qt/Embedded, select Enable and reboot.

7.6 Extend TF Card's Section

When FriendlyCore is loaded the TF card's section will be automatically extended.You can check the section's size by running the following command: 

$ df -h

7.7 Transfer files using Bluetooth

Take the example of transferring files to the mobile phone. First, set your mobile phone Bluetooth to detectable status, then execute the following command to start Bluetooth search.：

hcitool scan


Search results look like：

Scanning ...
    2C:8A:72:1D:46:02   HTC6525LVW

This means that a mobile phone named HTC6525LVW is searched. We write down the MAC address in front of the phone name, and then use the sdptool command to view the Bluetooth service supported by the phone：

sdptool browser 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02

Note: Please replace the MAC address in the above command with the actual Bluetooth MAC address of the mobile phone.
This command will detail the protocols supported by Bluetooth for mobile phones. What we need to care about is a file transfer service called OBEX Object Push. Take the HTC6525LVW mobile phone as an example. The results are as follows：

Service Name: OBEX Object Push
Service RecHandle: 0x1000b
Service Class ID List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 12
  "OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
    Version: 0x0100

As can be seen from the above information, the channel used by the OBEX Object Push service of this mobile phone is 12, we need to pass it to the obexftp command, and finally the command to initiate the file transfer request is as follows： 

obexftp --nopath --noconn --uuid none --bluetooth -b 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02 -B 12 -put example.jpg

Note: Please replace the MAC address, channel and file name in the above command with the actual one.

After executing the above commands, please pay attention to the screen of the mobile phone. The mobile phone will pop up a prompt for pairing and receiving files. After confirming, the file transfer will start.

Bluetooth FAQ：
1) Bluetooth device not found on the development board, try to open Bluetooth with the following command：

rfkill unblock 0

2) Prompt can not find the relevant command, you can try to install related software with the following command：

apt-get install bluetooth bluez obexftp openobex-apps python-gobject ussp-push

7.8 WiFi

For either an SD WiFi or a USB WiFi you can connect it to your board in the same way. The APXX series WiFi chips are SD WiFi chips. By default FriendlyElec's system supports most popular USB WiFi modules. Here is a list of the USB WiFi modules we tested:

Index Model
1 RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2 RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3 RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4 RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5 mi WiFi mt7601
6 5G USB WiFi RTL8821CU
7 5G USB WiFi RTL8812AU

You can use the NetworkManager utility to manage network. You can run "nmcli" in the commandline utility to start it. Here are the commands to start a WiFi connection:

  • Change to root
$ su root
  • Check device list
$ nmcli dev

Note: if the status of a device is "unmanaged" it means that device cannot be accessed by NetworkManager. To make it accessed you need to clear the settings under "/etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your system.

  • Start WiFi
$ nmcli r wifi on
  • Scan Surrounding WiFi Sources
$ nmcli dev wifi
  • Connect to a WiFi Source
$ nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD" ifname wlan0

The "SSID" and "PASSWORD" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.If you have multiple WiFi devices you need to specify the one you want to connect to a WiFi source with iface
If a connection succeeds it will be automatically setup on next system reboot.

For more details about NetworkManager refer to this link: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

If your USB WiFi module doesn't work most likely your system doesn't have its driver. For a Debian system you can get a driver from Debian-WiFi and install it on your system. For a Ubuntu system you can install a driver by running the following commands: 

$ apt-get install linux-firmware

In general all WiFi drivers are located at the "/lib/firmware" directory.


7.9 Ethernet Connection

If a board is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP with DHCP activated after it is powered up. If you want to set up a static IP refer to: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings。

7.10 WiringPi and Python Wrapper

7.11 Custom welcome message

The welcome message is printed from the script in this directory： 

/etc/update-motd.d/

For example, to change the FriendlyELEC LOGO, you can change the file /etc/update-motd.d/10-header. For example, to change the LOGO to HELLO, you can change the following line： 

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal $BOARD_VENDOR

To: 

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal HELLO

7.12 Modify timezone

For exampe, change to Shanghai timezone: 

sudo rm /etc/localtime
sudo ln -ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

7.13 Select the system default audio device

You can set the system default audio device by following the steps below.
Use the following command to view all the sound card devices in the system (Note: different development boards will have different results): 

pi@NanoPi:~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: realtekrt5651co [realtek,rt5651-codec], device 0: ff880000.i2s-rt5651-aif1 rt5651-aif1-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: rockchiphdmi [rockchip,hdmi], device 0: ff8a0000.i2s-i2s-hifi i2s-hifi-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: ROCKCHIPSPDIF [ROCKCHIP,SPDIF], device 0: ff870000.spdif-dit-hifi dit-hifi-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

As you can see, the following sound card devices are available on the hardware:

Sound card device Sound card number Description
realtekrt5651co 0 Realtek sound card's default output interface (through 3.5mm jack interface)
rockchiphdmi 1 HDMI
ROCKCHIPSPDIF 2 SPDIF (Note: temporarily unavailable, because the hardware is not exported)...

To configure the audio output to the 3.5mm jack, modify the configuration file /etc/asound.conf and modify it to the following: 

defaults.pcm.card 0
defaults.pcm.device 0

To configure to output audio to HDMI, change the defaults.pcm.card above to 1.
Note that some boards do not have a Realtek sound card (no 3.5mm jack interface), so the card number of the HDMI device will be 0, so the configuration should be based on the result of the aplay -l command.

7.14 Change the behavior of the PWM fan

By default, the speed of the fan is dynamically adjusted according to the CPU temperature. If you need to let the fan run, you can modify the script /usr/bin/start-rk3399-pwm-fan.sh to the following: 

#!/bin/bash
 
echo 0 > /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip1/export
sleep 1
echo 0 > /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip1/pwm0/enable
echo 50000 > /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip1/pwm0/period
echo 1 > /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip1/pwm0/enable
echo 45000 > /sys/class/pwm/pwmchip1/pwm0/duty_cycle

7.15 Run the X11 application

FriendlyCore system built-in lightweight Xorg，although there is no window manager, you can still run a single X-Windows application，For example, the program to run is ~/YourX11App，use the following command： 

. /usr/bin/setqt5env-xcb
startx ~/YourX11App -geometry 1280x800

Note that there is a space between "." and /usr/bin/setqt5env-xcb. In addition, the resolution after -geometry should be changed to the actual resolution of your screen.

8 Work with Lubuntu

8.1 Introduction to Lubuntu

Arduino
Website
Website

LUbuntu is a light-weighted Ubuntu desktop system. It is based on LXDE and has the following features:
    Light-weighted － it consumes relatively less CPU resources than a common desktop system. When a system's RAM is sufficient it can achieve much better performance.
    Less power consumption － it consumes relatively less power or resources than a common desktop system to achieve the same performance.
    Compact & neat － its desktop is based on GTK+ 2 and supports multiple languages.
    Easy to use － its GUI looks similar to MS Windows'.
    Customizable － Users can customize LXDE's GUI.
    Compatible － it is compatible with freedesktop.org.

The Lubuntu Desktop has been optimized for adopting Mali GPU. It has driver support for X.org and supports Hardware Cursor, OpenGL acceleration and etc.

8.2 Lubuntu Default User Account

Non-root User: 

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root: 

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

8.3 OpenGL ES

Open a command line utility and run the following command: 

glmark2-es2

Nanopc-t4-lubuntu-glmark2es.png

8.4 Video Playing with Hardware Decoding

8.4.1 Video Playing with Qt Player

Lubuntu is preinstalled with Qt5-Player which has Rockchip's gstreamer plug-in and supports playing 4K video stream. Here are the steps to start it:
On Lubuntu's main window open "Other" and click on Qt5-Player

Here is how this player looks like. It can display in full screen. You can adjust its volume:
Lubuntu-qt5-player.jpg

8.4.2 Video Playing with Commandline Utility

Open a commandline utility and type the following command: 

gst-player.sh

Your selected video file will be played in Overlay and its voice will be output to the earphone. You can use "which gst-player.sh" to locate this script and customize it.

8.5 eDP LCD Rotation

If your board is connected to an eDP LCD and you want to rotate its display by 90/180/270 degrees you can do it with "xrotate.sh". You can run the following command as root to rotate its display by 90 degrees clockwise. It will start the lightdm service to make it effective: 

sudo xrotate.sh -m CW -r

You can get more details by running "xrotate -h".
However this command cannot rotate HDMI display. If you want to rotate HDMI display you may need to make changes in "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"

8.6 Connect USB Camera

Connect a USB camera (e.g. Logitech C270) to NanoPi-M4, run the following commands:

+
+export DISPLAY=:0.0
+guvcview -d /dev/video10
+

8.7 5G WiFi

Click on the network icon on top right of the Lubuntu GUI, select a WiFi hotspot and proceed with prompts.

8.8 Develop Qt Application

Lubuntu has Qt 5.10.0 which can be used to develop an X11 application. For details about SDK download and compilation refer to :How to Build and Install Qt Application for FriendlyELEC Boards
When running the Qt app, you need to specify the platform parameter to xcb as follows: 

./HelloQt --platform xcb

8.9 Chromium web browser

Chromium web browser has enabled hardware acceleration by default, supports WebGL, and can view hardware acceleration details by entering the URL chrome://gpu, as shown below:
Chromium-gpu.png

8.10 Cancel automatic login

Edit the file /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/20-lubuntu.conf and delete the line "autologin-user=pi"

8.11 Screen saver and auto sleep related settings

The screen saver configuration file is /etc/xdg/autostart/xset_command.desktop. The default factory settings are that the screen saver and DPMS are both closed. You can change the configuration by modifying this file.

8.12 Select the system default audio device

You can set the system default audio device by following the steps below.
Use the following command to view all the sound card devices in the system (Note: different development boards will have different results): 

pi@NanoPi:~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: realtekrt5651co [realtek,rt5651-codec], device 0: ff880000.i2s-rt5651-aif1 rt5651-aif1-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: rockchiphdmi [rockchip,hdmi], device 0: ff8a0000.i2s-i2s-hifi i2s-hifi-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: ROCKCHIPSPDIF [ROCKCHIP,SPDIF], device 0: ff870000.spdif-dit-hifi dit-hifi-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

As you can see, the following sound card devices are available on the hardware:

Sound card device Sound card number Description
realtekrt5651co 0 Realtek sound card's default output interface (through 3.5mm jack interface)
rockchiphdmi 1 HDMI
ROCKCHIPSPDIF 2 SPDIF (Note: temporarily unavailable, because the hardware is not exported)...

To configure the audio output to the 3.5mm jack, modify the configuration file /etc/asound.conf and modify it to the following: 

defaults.pcm.card 0
defaults.pcm.device 0

To configure to output audio to HDMI, change the defaults.pcm.card above to 1.
Note that some boards do not have a Realtek sound card (no 3.5mm jack interface), so the card number of the HDMI device will be 0, so the configuration should be based on the result of the aplay -l command.

9 Work with Android 8.1

FriendlyElec provides a full Android8.1 BSP for NanoPi-M4. The source code is hosted at gitlab.com and is open source. The BSP supports GPU and VPU hardware acceleration.

9.1 Connect MIPI Camera to NanoPi-M4

FriendlyElec developed a MIPI camera CAM1320 for board and it works under Android. You can use this camera to take pictures and record video. The operation is straightforward. You just need to connect the camera at your board's MIPI interface, boot your board to Android and start Android's camera app.
The board has two MIPI interfaces: one front camera and the other rear camera：
MIPI-CSI1 <--> Android rear camera
MIPI-CSI2 <--> Android front camera

How to connect：
M4-mipi-dual-camera.jpg

9.2 Use dual MIPI camera preview and video

Download the sample source code below from github and compile and run it： 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/Dual-Camera.git -b working-branch

After the application is installed, you need to Set Android permissions to make the demo run normally. The method is enter system ui: Settings -> Apps & notifications -> Dual Camera -> Permissions, Select the following permissions： 

Camera
Microphone
Storage

The gui looks like this：
Android dual camera demo.jpg
Click the "CAPTURE VIDEO" button on the gui to record the video (two cameras at the same time), and the video file will be saved to the following location.：/storage/emulated/0/Download/dualcamera_h264.mp4. Known issue：
Recorded video file will play faster than normal, may need to adjust some parameters of mediacodec.

9.3 Change system language

The default system language of Android system is English. For example, if we want to set it to Chinese, the steps are as follows: 1) Go to Android settings：Settings -> System -> Languages & Input -> Languages;
2）Click "Add a language", Select "简体中文", and then select "中国";
3) At this time, there will be two languages, Chinese and English. Drag the Chinese item to the top of the list. Note that if you are using a mouse, drag it by placing the mouse pointer on the right side of the list item. On the icon and then press the middle mouse button to drag;

9.4 Android8.1 hardware access

You can use the FriendlyThings SDK to access and control hardware resources on the motherboard in the Android App, such as Uart, SPI, I2C, GPIO and other interfaces. For details, please refer to the following two documents.：

9.5 Android Neural Networks SDK Sample

Android8.1 BSP comes pre-installed with Rockchip's Android NN SDK for Android 8.1, supporting GPU acceleration.。
Sample program for Android NN pre-installed in the Android8 firmware we provide：TfLiteCameraDemo，This is a MobileNet classifier demo using Rockchip AndroidNN GPU acceleration，The camera module is required to be connected to the motherboard during operation. The USB camera and CSI camera are supported，The sample program is launched by clicking the "TfLiteCameraDemo" icon on the home page. The running effect is as follows：

TfLiteCameraDemo.png
For a detailed description of the Android NN SDK, you can refer to this document：[RK3399_Android8.1_AndroidNN_SDK_V1.0_20180605发布说明.pdf]
TfLiteCameraDemo sample source code download link：[TfLiteCameraDemo source code]

9.6 Using the adb

1. The first time you start the system, if you need to change the system files, you need to turn off security verification (note: apk installation does not need to be closed), and restart after turning off security verification 

adb root
adb disable-verity
adb reboot

2. After restarting, get root and remount /system to enable write permissions 

adb root
adb remount

3. Upload a file 

adb push example.txt /system/

9.7 HDMI resolution and overscan setting

If an HDMI display device is connected, go to Android Settings -> Display -> Advanced -> HDMI & Rotation to set it up.

HDMI Resolution The default is Auto, you can manually set the display resolution, up to 4K resolution
Screen Zoom click the four arrow buttons in the middle to adjust the zoom
Display Rotation for horizontal and vertical screen switching

9.8 Screen rotation

go to Android Settings -> Display -> Advanced -> HDMI & Rotation to set it up.

Use the following command in shell to test screen rotation (Settings not saved)：

wm rotation 90

9.9 Hide Navigation bar

Enter Settings -> Accessibility, Turn on immersive mode, and then open an Android application, For example: Lightning, it will be in full screen mode.

9.10 Switch audio output channel

You can configure the audio output to the HDMI or headphone jack, Setting interface entry method: Android Settings -> Accessibility -> Force audio output. If the Force audio output menu item is gray, that is, it is in an unselectable state, the hardware you are using will automatically detect the headphone plug-in status and automatically switch the audio channel without setting.

9.11 Adjust the volume of the recording

1) First use the amix command to adjust the volume of the recording through the serial port or the adb shell with root privileges, for example: 

Amix "IN2 Boost"
Amix "ADC Capture Volume"

The above command is used to view the current settings.
2) After debugging, modify the value of the corresponding configuration item in the rt5651_main_mic_capture_controls array in the hardware/rockchip/audio/tinyalsa_hal/codec_config/rt5651_config.h file, compile the Android source code and test it.

9.12 Custom logo and boot animation

9.12.1 On/Off

Change:
BOOT_SHUTDOWN_ANIMATION_RINGING := false
to:
BOOT_SHUTDOWN_ANIMATION_RINGING := true
in device/rockchip/common/BoardConfig.mk file.

9.12.2 Boot animation

Create or replace the following files in the Android source code directory：
kernel/logo.bmp
kernel/logo_kernel.bmp
device/rockchip/common/bootshutdown/bootanimation.zip

9.12.3 Shutdown animation

Create or replace the following files in the Android source code directory：
device/rockchip/common/bootshutdown/shutdownanimation.zip

9.12.4 How to make animation

Please refre to：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4960586c0100vu5v.html

9.13 Remove Google Framework

If you don't need to use the google service, you can delete the Google framework to save system resources by deleting the following directory in the Android source code and recompiling Android:
vendor/google

10 Work with Android7.1

rk3399-android7-home
rk3399-android7-icons

FriendlyElec provides a full Android7.1 BSP for RK3399 board. The source code is hosted at gitlab.com and is open source. The BSP supports GPU and VPU hardware acceleration.

10.1 Connect MIPI Camera to NanoPi-M4

FriendlyElec developed a MIPI camera CAM1320 for board and it works under Android. You can use this camera to take pictures and record video. The operation is straightforward. You just need to connect the camera at your board's MIPI interface, boot your board to Android and start Android's camera app.
The board has two MIPI interfaces: one front camera and the other rear camera：
MIPI-CSI1 <--> Android rear camera
MIPI-CSI2 <--> Android front camera

How to connect：
M4-mipi-dual-camera.jpg

10.2 Set HDMI Display

If your board is connected to an HDMI monitor and it runs Android you can go to "Settings -> Display -> HDMI" to make your setting.

HDMI Resolution By default it is "Auto". You can set its resolution up to 4K
Screen Zoom There will be four arrows you can click on to zoom in/out
HDMI Rotation Set it landscape or portrait.

10.3 Rotate Display

Enter Android's Settings -> Display -> HDMI -> HDMI Rotation. It supports both landscape and portrait.

10.4 Android7 hardware access

You can use the FriendlyThings SDK to access and control hardware resources on the motherboard in the Android App, such as Uart, SPI, I2C, GPIO and other interfaces. For details, please refer to the following two documents.：

10.5 Build Openwrt/Friendlywrt

10.5.1 Download Code

Two versions are available, please choose as required:

10.5.1.1 FriendlyWrt 21.02
mkdir friendlywrt21-rk3399
cd friendlywrt21-rk3399
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v21.02 \
        -m rk3399.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle
10.5.1.2 FriendlyWrt 23.05
mkdir friendlywrt23-rk3399
cd friendlywrt23-rk3399
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v23.05 \
        -m rk3399.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle

10.5.2 First compilation step

./build.sh rk3399.mk  # or rk3399-docker.mk

All the components (including u-boot, kernel, and friendlywrt) are compiled and the sd card image will be generated, then execute the following command to generate the image file for installing the system into the emmc: 

./build.sh emmc-img

After making changes to the project, the sd card image needs to be repackaged by running the following command: 

./build.sh sd-img

10.5.3 Secondary compilation steps

cd friendlywrt
make menuconfig
rm -rf ./tmp
make -j${nproc}
cd ../
./build.sh sd-img
./build.sh emmc-img

10.5.4 Build u-boot only

./build.sh uboot

10.5.5 Build kernel only

./build.sh kernel

10.5.6 Build friendlywrt only

./build.sh friendlywrt

Or go to the friendlywrt directory and follow the standard openwrt commands. If you get an error with the above command, try using the following command to compile in a single thread: 

cd friendlywrt
make -j1 V=s

10.6 Build Buildroot

please refer to: Buildroot

10.7 Build Other Linux

10.7.1 Kernel and u-boot versions

Operating System Kernel Version U-boot version Cross-compiler Partition type Packaging Tool Kernel branch Kernel configuration U-boot branch U-boot configuration
lubuntu linux v4.4.y u-boot v2014.10 6.4-aarch64
 MBR sd-fuse nanopi4-linux-v4.4.y nanopi4_linux_defconfig nanopi4-v2014.10_oreo rk3399_defconfig

friendlycore-arm64
friendlydesktop-arm64
eflasher
buildroot linux v4.19.y u-boot
v2017.09 		11.3-aarch64 GPT sd-fuse nanopi4-v4.19.y nanopi4_linux_defconfig nanopi4-v2017.09 nanopi4_defconfig
ubuntu-focal-desktop-arm64
debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64
debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64
friendlycore-focal-arm64
debian-bookworm-core-arm64
ubuntu-noble-core-arm64
openmediavault-arm64 linux v6.1.y u-boot
v2017.09 		11.3-aarch64 GPT
sd-fuse



 nanopi-r2-v6.1.y



 nanopi4_linux_defconfig
friendlywrt21 GPT nanopi4_linux_defconfig
+friendlywrt.config
friendlywrt21-docker
friendlywrt23
friendlywrt23-docker

10.7.2 Build kernel linux-v4.4.y

This section applies to the following operating systems:

lubuntu eflasher friendlydesktop-arm64 friendlycore-arm64

Clone the repository to your local drive then build: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-linux-v4.4.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# Load configuration
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig
# Optionally, if you want to change the default kernel config
# make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- menuconfig  
# Start building kernel
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4-images -j$(nproc)
# Start building kernel modules
mkdir -p out-modules
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
rm -rf $PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/kernel/drivers/gpu/arm/mali400/
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

kernel.img resource.img The kernel modules are located in the out-modules directory

Run your build:
Please refre to #Running the build

10.7.3 Build u-boot v2014.10

This section applies to the following operating systems:

lubuntu eflasher friendlydesktop-arm64 friendlycore-arm64

Clone the repository to your local drive then build: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2014.10_oreo
cd uboot-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- rk3399_defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

uboot.img trust.img rk3399_loader_v1.22.119.bin (aka MiniLoaderAll.bin)

Installing the u-boot:
Please refre to #Running the build

10.7.4 Build kernel linux-v4.19.y

This section applies to the following operating systems:

ubuntu-focal-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64 friendlycore-focal-arm64 ubuntu-noble-core-arm64 debian-bookworm-core-arm64 buildroot

Clone the repository to your local drive then build: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# Configuring the Kernel
# Load default configuration
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig
# Optionally, load configuration for FriendlyWrt
# make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig friendlywrt.config
# Optionally, if you want to change the default kernel config
# make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- menuconfig
# Start building kernel
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4-images -j$(nproc)
# Start building kernel modules
mkdir -p out-modules
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
rm -rf $PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/kernel/drivers/gpu/arm/mali400/
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

kernel.img resource.img The kernel modules are located in the out-modules directory

Run your build:
Please refre to #Running the build

10.7.5 Build kernel linux-v6.1.y

This section applies to the following operating systems:

friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt23 friendlywrt23-docker openmediavault-arm64

Clone the repository to your local drive then build: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi-r2-v6.1.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# Configuring the Kernel
# Load default configuration
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi4_linux_defconfig
# Optionally, load configuration for FriendlyWrt
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi4_linux_defconfig friendlywrt.config
# Optionally, if you want to change the default kernel config
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 menuconfig
# Start building kernel
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 -j$(nproc)
# Start building kernel modules
mkdir -p out-modules && rm -rf out-modules/*
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

Pack the kernel.img and resource.img: 

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-6.1.y/tools/mkkrnlimg && chmod 755 mkkrnlimg
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-6.1.y/tools/resource_tool && chmod 755 resource_tool
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-6.1.y/prebuilt/boot/logo.bmp
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-6.1.y/prebuilt/boot/logo_kernel.bmp
./mkkrnlimg arch/arm64/boot/Image kernel.img
mkdir kernel-dtbs
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopi-r4s.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev09.dtb
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopi-r4s.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev0a.dtb
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopi-r4se.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev0b.dtb
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopc-t4.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev00.dtb
./resource_tool --dtbname kernel-dtbs/*.dtb logo.bmp logo_kernel.bmp

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

kernel.img resource.img The kernel modules are located in the out-modules directory

Run your build:
Please refre to #Running the build

10.7.6 Build u-boot v2017.09

This section applies to the following operating systems:

ubuntu-focal-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64 friendlycore-focal-arm64 ubuntu-noble-core-arm64 debian-bookworm-core-arm64 buildroot

Clone the repository to your local drive then build: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rkbin --single-branch --depth 1 -b friendlyelec
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
cd uboot-rockchip/
./make.sh nanopi4

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

uboot.img trust.img rk3399_loader_v1.24.126.bin (aka MiniLoaderAll.bin)

Run your build:
Please refre to #Running the build

10.7.7 Running the build

10.7.7.1 Install to target board
10.7.7.1.1 MBR partition

This section applies to the following operating systems:

lubuntu eflasher friendlydesktop-arm64 friendlycore-arm64

The MBR partitioning is only used by the Linux v4.4 kernel. You can check the partition layout by clicking on this link: partmap. To write an image file, you can use the dd command. For example, in the parameter.template file, "0x00014000@0x00014000(kernel)" specifies that the kernel partition starts at 0x00014000, which is equivalent to 81920 in decimal. Therefore, the dd command should be as follows: 

dd if=kernel.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 seek=81920
10.7.7.1.2 GPT partition

This section applies to the following operating systems:

ubuntu-focal-desktop-arm64 debian-bookworm-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64
friendlycore-focal-arm64 ubuntu-noble-core-arm64 friendlywrt21-kernel4 buildroot
friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt23 friendlywrt23-docker

The OS uses GPT partitions by default which is using the Linux v4.19 and Linux v5.15 kernel, you can use the dd command, but be careful to choose the right output device:

  • The SD/TF Card device node: /dev/mmcblk0
  • The eMMC device node: /dev/mmcblk2

The following is an example of how to update the kernel to eMMC:
Use the 'parted' command to view the partition layout: 

parted /dev/mmcblk2 print

Sample outputs: 

Model: MMC BJTD4R (sd/mmc)
Disk /dev/mmcblk2: 31.3GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
 
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      8389kB  12.6MB  4194kB               uboot
 2      12.6MB  16.8MB  4194kB               trust
 3      16.8MB  21.0MB  4194kB               misc
 4      21.0MB  25.2MB  4194kB               dtbo
 5      25.2MB  41.9MB  16.8MB               resource
 6      41.9MB  83.9MB  41.9MB               kernel
 7      83.9MB  134MB   50.3MB               boot
 8      134MB   2500MB  2366MB  ext4         rootfs
 9      2500MB  31.3GB  28.8GB  ext4         userdata

as shown above, the resource partition is located at 5 and the kernel partition is located at 6. Use the dd command to write the resource.img and kernel.img files to these partitions, the commands are as follows: 

dd if=resource.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p5 bs=1M
dd if=kernel.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p6 bs=1M

If you want to update u-boot: 

dd if=uboot.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p1 bs=1M

To update new driver modules, copy the newly compiled driver modules to the appropriate directory under /lib/modules.

10.7.7.2 Packaging and creating an SD image

To create a new OS image file, you need to use the "sd-fuse" packaging tool.

"sd-fuse" is a collection of scripts that can be used to create bootable SD card images for FriendlyElec boards. Its main features include:

  • Creation of root filesystem images from a directory
  • Building of bootable SD card images
  • Simple compilation of kernel, U-Boot, and third-party drivers

Please click on the following link to find out more:

Kernel version Packaging Tool
linux v4.4.y sd-fuse
linux v4.19.y
sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-4.19
linux v6.1.y
sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-6.1.y
10.7.7.3 USB flashing

Note: kernel v4.4.y is not supported

10.7.7.3.1 Linux

Reboot the board and enter loader mode with the following command: 

sudo reboot loader

To flash U-Boot and kernel using the "upgrade_tool_v2.17_for_linux" tool, please use the following command: 

sudo upgrade_tool di -k kernel.img
sudo upgrade_tool di -re resource.img
sudo upgrade_tool di -u uboot.img
sudo upgrade_tool RD

Note: "upgrade_tool" is a command-line tool provided by Rockchip for Linux operating systems (Linux_Upgrade_Tool).

10.8 Build the code using scripts

10.8.1 Download scripts and image files

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399.git -b kernel-4.19
cd sd-fuse_rk3399
wget http://112.124.9.243/dvdfiles/RK3399/images-for-eflasher/friendlycore-focal-arm64-images.tgz
tar xvzf friendlycore-focal-arm64-images.tgz

10.8.2 Compile the kernel

Download the kernel source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory will be automatically updated, including the kernel modules in the file system: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rk3399
KERNEL_SRC=$PWD/kernel-rk3399 ./build-kernel.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

10.8.3 Compile the kernel headers

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rk3399
MK_HEADERS_DEB=1 BUILD_THIRD_PARTY_DRIVER=0 KERNEL_SRC=$PWD/kernel-rk3399 ./build-kernel.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

10.8.4 Compile the uboot

Download the uboot source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory will be automatically updated: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09
UBOOT_SRC=$PWD/uboot-rockchip ./build-uboot.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

10.8.5 Generate new image

Repackage the image file in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory into sd card image: 

./mk-sd-image.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

After the command is completed, the image is in the out directory, you can use the dd command to make the SD boot card, for example: 

dd if=out/rk3399-sd-friendlycore-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

10.9 Building AOSP from source

10.9.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

  • Your computer should have at least 16GB of RAM and 300GB of disk space. We recommend using a machine with 32GB of RAM and a large-capacity, high-speed SSD, and we do not recommend using virtual machines.
  • If you encounter compilation errors, they may be caused by problems with the compilation environment. We recommend using the following Docker container for compilation: docker-cross-compiler-novnc.

10.9.2 Compile Android10

10.9.2.1 Download Android10 Source Code

There are two ways to download the source code:

  • repo archive file on netdisk

Netdisk URL: Click here
File location on netdisk："07_Source codes/rk3399-android-10.git-YYYYMMDD.tar.xz" (YYYYMMDD means the date of packaging)
After extracting the repo package from the network disk, you need to execute the sync.sh script, which will pull the latest code from gitlab: 

tar xf "/path/to/netdisk/07_Source codes/rk3399-android-10.git-YYYYMMDD.tar.xz"
cd rk3399-android-10
./sync.sh
  • git clone from gitlab

NanoPi-M4 source code is maintained in gitlab, You can download it by running the following command: 

git clone --recursive https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-10.git -b main

Note: If the following error "error: unknown option `recurse-submodules'" appears, please upgrade git to v2.0.0 or above.

10.9.2.2 Generate Image File

You can compile an Android source code and generate an image file (non-root user is recommended): 

cd rk3399-android-10
./build-nanopc-t4.sh -F -M

If you need to include google apps, you need to set an environment variable and then compile, as shown below: 

cd rk3399-android-10
export INSTALL_GAPPS_FOR_TESTING=yes
./build-nanopc-t4.sh -F -M
10.9.2.3 Make OTA Packages

If you need the support of A/B (Seamless) System Updates, you need to do the following:
a) Build your own update server for http download of update files;
b) Customize the Updater application, the code is located in packages/apps/Updater, let it connect and download file from your server;
c) Use the quick compilation script parameter -O or --ota to compile OTA Packages, as shown below: 

cd rk3399-android-10
./build-nanopc-t4.sh -F -O -M

After the compilation is successfully completed, the OTA update related packages are located in the directory: rockdev/otapackage/ ，Please do not delete this directory.
After you have made some changes, compiling again with the parameter -O will generate ota-update-XXXXXXXX.zip, which is an incremental update package.
OTA Packages decides whether to generate incremental update package according to BUILD_NUMBER, for details, please refer to build-nanopc-t4.sh.
To disable the A/B feature, you can refer to the following to modify device/rockchip/rk3399/nanopc-t4/BoardConfig.mk, and then recompile uboot and android:

BOARD_USES_AB_IMAGE := false


10.9.2.4 Update System with New Image

After compilation is done a new image file will be generated in the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory under Android 10's source code directory. You can follow the steps below to update the OS in NanoPi-M4:
1) Insert an SD card which is processed with EFlasher to an SD card reader and insert this reader to a PC running Ubuntu. The SD card's partitions will be automatically mounted;
2) Copy all the files under the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory to the SD card's android10 directory in the "FRIENDLYARM" partition;
3) Insert this SD card to NanoPi-M4 and reflash Android
When flashing Android 10, EFlasher requires v1.3 or above. When flashing with Type-C, please use the tool AndroidTool v2.71 or Linux_Upgrade_Tool v1.49 provided by Rockchip.

10.9.3 Compile Android8.1

10.9.3.1 Download Android8.1 Source Code

There are two ways to download the source code:

  • repo archive file on netdisk

Netdisk URL: Click here
File location on netdisk：sources/rk3399-android-8.1.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz (YYYYMMDD means the date of packaging)
After extracting the repo package from the network disk, you need to execute the sync.sh script, which will pull the latest code from gitlab: 

tar xvzf /path/to/netdisk/sources/rk3399-android-8.1.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz
cd rk3399-android-8.1
./sync.sh
  • git clone from gitlab

NanoPi-M4 source code is maintained in gitlab, You can download it by running the following command: 

git clone https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1 --depth 1 -b master
10.9.3.2 Generate Image File

You can compile an Android source code and generate an image file: 

cd rk3399-android-8.1
./build-nanopc-t4.sh -F -M
10.9.3.3 Update System with New Image

After compilation is done a new image file will be generated in the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory under Android 8.1's source code directory. You can follow the steps below to update the OS in NanoPi-M4:
1) Insert an SD card which is processed with EFlasher to an SD card reader and insert this reader to a PC running Ubuntu. The SD card's partitions will be automatically mounted;
2) Copy all the files under the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory to the SD card's android8 directory in the "FRIENDLYARM" partition;
3) Insert this SD card to NanoPi-M4 and reflash Android
Here is an alternative guide to update OS: sd-fuse_rk3399

10.9.4 Compile Android7

10.9.4.1 Download Android7 Source Code

There are two ways to download the source code:

  • repo archive file on netdisk

Netdisk URL: Click here
File location on netdisk：sources/rk3399-android-7.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz (YYYYMMDD means the date of packaging)
After extracting the repo package from the network disk, you need to execute the sync.sh script, which will pull the latest code from gitlab: 

tar xvzf /path/to/netdisk/sources/rk3399-android-7.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz
cd rk3399-nougat
./sync.sh
  • git clone from gitlab

NanoPi-M4 source code is maintained in gitlab, You can download it by running the following command: 

git clone https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat --depth 1 -b nanopc-t4-nougat
10.9.4.2 Generate Image File

You can compile an Android7 source code and generate an image file: 

cd rk3399-nougat
./build-nanopc-t4.sh -F -M
10.9.4.3 Update System with New Image

After compilation is done a new image file will be generated in the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory under Android7's source code directory. You can follow the steps below to update the OS in NanoPi-M4:
1) Insert an SD card which is processed with EFlasher to an SD card reader and insert this reader to a PC running Ubuntu. The SD card's partitions will be automatically mounted;
2) Copy all the files under the "rockdev/Image-nanopc_t4/" directory to the SD card's android8 directory in the "FRIENDLYARM" partition;
3) Insert this SD card to NanoPi-M4 and reflash Android
Here is an alternative guide to update OS: sd-fuse_rk3399

11 The usage of eMMC module

Nanopim4emmc.jpg

11.1 Flash Image to eMMC


11.1.1 Download Image and Utilities

Visit download link to download image files and utilities.

Android OS
rk3399-eflasher-android10-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Android10 image file
rk3399-eflasher-android8-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Android8.1 image file
rk3399-eflasher-android7-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Android7.1.2 image file
Linux OS
rk3399-eflasher-debian-bullseye-core-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 11(Bullseye) Core
No desktop environment, command line only
Kernel version 4.19.y
rk3399-eflasher-debian-buster-desktop-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 10(buster) Desktop, Uses LXDE as default desktop, Supports hardware acceleration, Kernel version 4.19.y
rk3399-eflasher-buildroot-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Buildroot image file with Qt5-wayland (base on Rockchip Linux SDK)
rk3399-eflasher-friendlydesktop-bionic-4.4-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip 64-bit FriendlyDesktop image file based on Ubuntu desktop 18.04 64bit
rk3399-eflasher-friendlycore-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz 64-bit FriendlyCore image file(Qt 5.10.0) based on Ubuntu core 20.04 64bit
rk3399-eflasher-friendlycore-bionic-4.4-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz 64-bit FriendlyCore image file(Qt 5.10.0) based on Ubuntu core 18.04 64bit
rk3399-eflasher-lubuntu-desktop-xenial-4.4-armhf-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Lubuntu Desktop(with Qt 5.10.0)
Linux Lite OS
rk3399-eflasher-friendlycore-lite-focal-5.10-arm64-20211029.img.zip 64-bit FriendlyCore Lite image file based on Ubuntu core 20.04 64bit, kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-eflasher-friendlycore-lite-focal-4.19-arm64-20211029.img.zip 64-bit FriendlyCore Lite image file based on Ubuntu core 20.04 64bit, kernel version 4.19.y
FriendlyWrt
rk3399-eflasher-friendlywrt-21.02-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-eflasher-friendlywrt-21.02-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file，based on OpenWrt 21.02, Pre-installed Docker，kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-eflasher-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file，based on OpenWrt 22.03，kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-eflasher-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file，based on OpenWrt 22.03, Pre-installed Docker，kernel version 5.15.y
rk3399-eflasher-friendlywrt-kernel4-YYYYMMDD.img.zip FriendlyWrt image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 4.19.y
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

11.1.2 Flash Image to eMMC with eflasher and SD card

  • Get an 8G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary;
  • Download and extract the rk3399-eflasher-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img.zip and win32diskimager;
  • Run the win32diskimager utility under Windows as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file EFlasher and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card. Under Linux run "dd" to flash the rk3399-eflasher-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img file to your SD card;
  • Take out the SD and insert it to NanoPi-M4's microSD card slot;
  • Power on NanoPi-M4 and it will be booted from your SD card and the EFlasher utility will be automatically launched. You can work with the EFlasher in multiple ways:

1: Connect an HDMI monitor and a USB mouse to your board and work with EFlasher's GUI;
2: Connect your board to a LAN, login onto the board with SSH and type "eflasher" in a commandline utility and proceed with prompts;(Note: when you login with SSH the username is root and the password is fa. Your board's IP address can be found by checking the router's system)
3: Login onto your board via a serial terminal and type "eflasher" to proceed;
4: Connect a lcd2usb to NanoPi-M4, press the K1 button on the LCD2USB board to select your wanted OS and press the K2 button to confirm. The installation process will be shown on lcd2usb;

  • After installation is done turn off the board and take out the SD card from NanoPi-M4, power on the board and it will be booted from eMMC;

12 Using On-Board Hardware Resources

12.1 Access Serial Interface

For now only UART4 is available for users:

Serial Interface Serial Device
UART0 Used by Bluetooth
UART1 Used by Gbps Ethernet
UART2 Used by Serial Debug Port
UART3 Used by Gbps Ethernet
UART4 Available, device name is /dev/ttyS4 (note: this is only applicable for ROM released after 20180618)

13 Source code repositories

NanoPi-M4's source code repositories
Android 8.1 Uboot

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/u-boot

Android 8.1 Linux-4.4.y Kernel

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/kernel

Android 8.1 BSP

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1
netdisk location: sources/rk3399-android-8.1.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz

Android 7.1.2 Uboot

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/u-boot

Android 7.1.2 Linux-4.4.y Kernel

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/kernel

Android 7.1.2 BSP

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat
netdisk location: sources/rk3399-android-7.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz

FriendlyCore/FriendlyDesktop/Lubuntu Uboot

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/u-boot

FriendlyCore/FriendlyDesktop/Lubuntu Linux-4.4.y Kernel

https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip

14 Link to Rockchip Resources

15 Schematic, PCB CAD File

16 Update Log

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