NanoPi NEO Air

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1 Introduction
2 Hardware Spec
3 Software Features
4 Diagram, Layout and Dimension
- 4.1 Layout
- 4.2 Dimensional Diagram
5 Get Started
6 Work with Ubuntu-Core
7 Make Your Own Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded
8 Setup Cross Compiler for User Space Programs
9 3D Printing Files
10 Other OS Support
- 10.1 DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)
11 Resources
12 Update Log

1 Introduction

The NanoPi NEO Air is a 40 x 40mm open source ARM board for makers.It uses an Allwinner H3 Quad Core A7 processor at 1.2GHz. Its pins are compatible with the NanoPi NEO(V 1.2) and its 24-pin header is compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO pin headers.
The NanoPi NEO AIR features 512MB of 16bit wide DDR3 RAM, 8GB eMMC and one MicroSD slot. It has WiFi & Bluetooth and DVP camera interface(YUV422). The DVP camera interface can support friendlyarm's 5M-pixel camera module
It has enhanced power circuit design and better heat dissipation.

2 Hardware Spec

CPU: Allwinner H3, Quad-core Cortex-A7 Up to 1.2GHz
RAM: 512MB DDR3 RAM
Storage: 8GB eMMC
WiFi: 802.11b/g/n
Bluetooth: 4.0 dual mode
DVP Camera: 0.5mm pitch 24 pin FPC seat
MicroUSB: OTG and power input
MicroSD Slot x 1
Debug Serial Port: 4Pin,2.54mm pitch pin header
GPIO1: 2.54mm spacing 24pin,It includes UART,SPI,I2C,GPIO
GPIO2: 2.54mm spacing 12pin,It includes USBx2,IR,SPDIF,I2S
PCB Size: 40 x 40mm
PCB layer: 6
Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
Working Temperature: -40℃ to 80℃
OS/Software: u-boot, UbuntuCore
Weight: 7.5g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)

3 Software Features

3.1 uboot

supports fastboot to update uboot

3.2 UbuntuCore 16.04

rpi-monitor: check system status and information
npi-config: system configuration utility for setting passwords, language, timezone, hostname, SSH and auto-login,and enabling/disabling i2c, spi, serial and PWM
networkmanager: manage network
welcome window with basic system information and status
auto-login with user account "pi" with access to npi-config
on first system boot file system will be automatically extended.
supports file system auto check and repair on system boot.
supports FriendlyElec's NanoHat-PCM5102A
supports FriendlyElec BakeBit modules
fixed MAC address

3.3 Ubuntu OLED

supports FriendlyElec's OLED module

3.4 Eflasher

supports flashing OS image to eMMC

4 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

4.1 Layout

NanoPi NEO-AIR Layout

GPIO Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Linux gpio	Pin#	Name	Linux gpio
1	SYS_3.3V		2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA/GPIOA12		4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL/GPIOA11		6	GND
7	GPIOG11	203	8	UART1_TX/GPIOG6	198
9	GND		10	UART1_RX/GPIOG7	199
11	UART2_TX/GPIOA0	0	12	GPIOA6	6
13	UART2_RTS/GPIOA2	2	14	GND
15	UART2_CTS/GPIOA3	3	16	UART1_RTS/GPIOG8	200
17	SYS_3.3V		18	UART1_CTS/GPIOG9	201
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC0	64	20	GND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOC1	65	22	UART2_RX/GPIOA1	1
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC2	66	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC3	67

USB/I2S/IR Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Description
1	VDD_5V	5V Power Out
2	USB-DP1	USB1 DP Signal
3	USB-DM1	USB1 DM Signal
4	USB-DP2	USB2 DP Signal
5	USB-DM2	USB2 DM Signal
6	GPIOL11/IR-RX	GPIOL11 or IR Receive
7	SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17	GPIOA17 or SPDIF-OUT
8	PCM0_SYNC/I2S0_LRC	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock/Sync
9	PCM0_CLK/I2S0_BCK	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock
10	PCM0_DOUT/I2S0_SDOUT	I2S/PCM Serial Bata Output
11	PCM0_DIN/I2S0_SDIN	I2S/PCM Serial Data Input
12	GND	0V

Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0/GPIOA4
4	UART_RXD0/GPIOA5/PWM0

DVP Camera IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Description
1, 2	SYS_3.3V	3.3V power output, to camera modules
7,9,13,15,24	GND	Gound, 0V
3	I2C2_SCL	I2C Clock Signal
4	I2C2_SDA	I2C Data Signal
5	GPIOE15	Regular GPIO, control signals output to camera modules
6	GPIOE14	Regular GPIO, control signals output to camera modules
8	MCLK	Clock signals output to camera modules
10	NC	Not Connected
11	VSYNC	vertical synchronization to CPU　from camera modules
12	HREF/HSYNC	HREF/HSYNC signal to CPU from camera modules
14	PCLK	PCLK signal to CPU from camera modules
16-23	Data bit7-0	data signals

Note:

SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
VVDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB's the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
All pins are 3.3V, output current is 5mA
For more details refer to the document:NanoPi-NEO-Air-1608-Schematic.pdf

4.2 Dimensional Diagram

5 Get Started

5.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi NEO AIR get the following items ready

NanoPi NEO AIR
microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
A Host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

5.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi NEO AIR boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

5.3 Make an Installation TF Card

5.3.1 Download Image Files

Get the following files from here [1] to download image files and the flashing utility:

Image Files:
nanopi-neo-air_ubuntu-core-xenial_3.4.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded, kernel:Linux-3.4
nanopi-neo-air_eflasher_3.4.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	eflasher image which can be used to Flash OS image files to eMMC, kernel:Linux-3.4
nanopi-neo-air_ubuntu-core-xenial_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded, kernel:Linux-4.x
nanopi-neo-air_debian-nas-jessie_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	NAS image file, kernel:Linux-4.x, for 1-bay NAS Dock
nanopi-neo-air_ubuntu-oled_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	OLED image file,kernel:Linux-4.x, for NanoHat OLED
nanopi-neo-air_eflasher_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	eflasher image which can be used to Flash OS image files to eMMC, kernel:Linux-4.x
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

5.3.2 Boot OS from MicroSD Card

5.3.2.1 Make Installation MicroSD Card

Extract the nanopi-neo-air_ubuntu-core-xenial_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip and win32diskimager.rar. Insert a MicroSD card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card till it is done.
Insert this card into your AIR's MicroSD card slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and blue LED is blinking this indicates your AIR has successfully booted.

Note:you can make a Debian/Ubuntu image card in this way too.

5.3.3 Flash image to eMMC

Extract the nanopi-neo-air_eflasher_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip package and win32diskimager.rar. Insert a MicroSD card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the MicroSD card.
Insert this card into your AIR and power on (with a 5V/2A power source) the board. If the green LED is on and blue LED is blinking it indicates your eflasher has started installation.
Run the following command on a terminal:

$ eflasher

Select your wanted OS and type "yes" to start flashing. After it is done take off the card, reboot your board it will boot from eMMC.

6 Work with Ubuntu-Core

6.1 Run Ubuntu-Core

Insert a MicroSD card with Ubuntu-Core image into your NanoPi NEO Air, connect the NanoPi NEO Air to a 5V/2A power source the NanoPi NEO Air will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is working.
If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.
Here is a setup where we connect a NanoPi NEO Air to a PC via the PSU-ONECOM and you can power on your Air from either the PSU-ONECOM or its MicroUSB:

The password for "root" is "fa".
Update packages

$ apt-get update

6.2 Extend TF Card's rootfs Section

When you boot Debian/UbuntuCore for the first time with your image card your OS will automatically resize the file system and this process takes a relatively long time.After your OS is fully loaded you can check the file system's size by using the following command:

$ df -h

6.3 Wireless Connection

Note: An IPX antenna is A MUST.

FriendlyElec integrates utility: NetworkManager in Ubuntu to manage network. You can command "nmcli" to start this utility. Here is how to start WiFi:

List network devices

$ sudo nmcli dev

Note: if a network device's status is "unmanaged" it means that device is not accessed by the NetworkManager and you need to clear the settings in " /etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your board.

Start WiFi

$ sudo nmcli r wifi on

Scan Nearby WiFi Hotspots

$ sudo nmcli dev wifi

Connect to a WiFi Hotspot

$ sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD"

The "SSID" and "Password" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.
If a connection is successfully established your board will be automatically connected to your specified WiFi on system reboot.

For more details about the NetworkManager refer to this article:NetworkManager

6.4 Login via SSH

You can log into the board via SSH. In our test the IP address detected by our router was 192.168.1.230 and we ran the following command to log into the NanoPi NEO Air:

$ ssh root@192.168.1.230

The password is fa

6.5 Check CPU's Working Temperature

Type the following command on a terminal to read H3's temperature and frequency:

$ cpu_freq

6.6 Check System Information with Rpi-Monitor

Our Ubuntu-Core contains the Rpi-Monitor utility with which users can check system information and status.
In our case our NEO Air's IP was 192.168.1.230 and we typed the following IP in a browser:

192.168.1.230:8888

We entered the following page:

Users can easily check these system information and status.

6.7 Connect NanoPi NEO AIR to DVP Camera(CAM500B)

The CAM500B camera module is a 5M-pixel camera with DVP interface. For more tech details about it you can refer to Matrix - CAM500B.

Boot your NanoPi NEO AIR, connect your NEO AIR to a network, log into the board as root and run "mjpg-streamer":

$ cd /root/mjpg-streamer
$ make
$ ./start.sh

The mjpg-streamer application is an open source video steam server. After it is successfully started the following messages will be popped up:

 
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

In our case the NEO AIR's IP address was 192.168.1.230. We typed 192.168.1.230:8080 in a browser and were able to view the images taken from the camera's. Here is what you would expect to observe:

The mjpg-streamer soft-encodes data with libjpeg and you can hard-encode its data with ffmpeg which will greatly increase CPU's efficiency and speed up data encoding:

$ ffmpeg -t 30 -f v4l2 -channel 0 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 -pix_fmt nv12 -r 30 -b:v 64k -c:v cedrus264 test.mp4

By default it records a 30-second video. Typing "q" stops video recording. After recording is stopped a test.mp4 file will be generated.

6.8 Bluetooth

Install Bluetooth packages:

$ apt-get install bluetooth bluez obexftp openobex-apps python-gobject ussp-push time bc

In our test case we used a Samsung Galaxy A7 Android phone. Connect a wireless antenna to your Air and type the following command to search a surrounding Bluetooth device:

$ hcitool scan

Our Samsung Samsung Galaxy A7 was detected and its MAC address was "50:C8:E5:A7:31:D2". We had a "test.jpg" file on our NEO Air and we sent it to A7 by running the following command:

$ bt_send_file.sh -a 50:C8:E5:A7:31:D2 -f test.jpg

On the phone a popup window would show up. After we clicked to accept this file transfer would start. After this transfer was done we got the following messages:

name=test.jpg, size=2215936
Local device A1:A3:C1:79:66:6E
Remote device 50:C8:E5:A7:31:D2 (12)
Connection established
send 2164K finish, speed=5.6 K/s

We found this file on the phone and the file transfer was successful.

7 Make Your Own Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

7.1 Preparations

Visit this link download link and enter the "sources/nanopi-H3-bsp" directory and download all the source code.Use the 7-zip utility to extract it and a lihee directory and an Android directory will be generated.You can check that by running the following command:

$ ls ./
android lichee

Or you can get it from our github:

$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/h3_lichee.git lichee

Note: "lichee" is the project name named by Allwinner for its CPU's source code which contains the source code of U-boot, Linux kernel and various scripts.

7.2 Install Cross Compiler

Visit this site download link, enter the "toolchain" directory, download the cross compiler "gcc-linaro-arm.tar.xz" and copy it to the "lichee/brandy/toochain/" directory.
If you want to compile your own programs you need to setup a development environment. For more details about this you can refer to section 8 "Setup Cross Compiler for User Space Programs".
(Allwinner's compiler doesn't work very well for some programs)

7.3 Compile lichee Source Code

Compilation of the H3's BSP source code must be done under a PC running a 64-bit Linux.The following cases were tested on Ubuntu-14.04 LTS-64bit:

$ apt-get install gawk git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos \
python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386 u-boot-tools

Enter the lichee directory and un the following command to compile the whole package:

$ cd lichee
$ ./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3

After this compilation succeeds a u-boot, Linux kernel and kernel modules will be generated.
Note: the lichee directory contains a cross-compiler we have setup. When the build.sh script runs it will automatically call this cross-compiler.

7.4 Package System Modules

$ ./gen_script.sh -b nanopi-neo

The gen_script.sh script patches the U-boot with Allwinner features and copies the generated executables including u-boot and Linux kernel and configuration files to the "lichee/tools/pack/out/" directory and generates a script.bin file.

Type the following command to update the U-boot on the MicroSD card:

$ ./fuse_uboot.sh /dev/sdx

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system.
The boot.img and kernel modules are under the "linux-3.4/output" directory. You can copy the new boot.img file to your MicroSD card's boot section.

7.5 Compile U-boot

You can compile u-boot individually by using the following command:

$ ./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m uboot
$ ./gen_script.sh -b nanopi-neo

The gen_script.sh script patches the U-boot with Allwinner features. A U-boot without these features cannot work.
Type the following command to update the U-boot on the MicroSD card:

$ ./fuse_uboot.sh /dev/sdx

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system.

7.6 Compile Linux Kernel

If you want to compile the Linux kernel run the following command:

$ ./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m kernel

After the compilation is done a uImage and its kernel modules will be generated under "linux-3.4/output".

7.7 Clean Source Code

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1_linux -b nanopi-h3 -m clean

8 Setup Cross Compiler for User Space Programs

Download and extract cross compiler:

$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
$ sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

Add the compiler's path to the "PATH" variable by appending the following lines in the ~/.bashrc file:

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Run the ~/.bashrc script to make the changes in effect immediately in your working shell. Attention: there is a space after ".":

$ . ~/.bashrc

This is a 64-bit compiler and it cannot run on a 32-bit Linux. You can check whether or not your compiler is setup correctly by running the following commands:

$ arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

9 3D Printing Files

NanoPi NEO-AIR 3D printed housing
3D Printing Files

10 Other OS Support

10.1 DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)

DietPi is an extremely lightweight Debian Jessie OS. Its image file starts at 400MB and nearly 3x lighter than 'Raspbian Lite'.It is pre-installed with DietPi-RAMLog. These features enable users to get the best performance of a device.
The following steps are for reference only. FriendlyElec doesn't provide technical support for them.
Installation guide:

Download the image file "DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)" from DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)
Extract the package and use the win32diskimager to write it to a MicroSD card under Windows.
Insert this MicroSD card to your NanoPi NEO and power up.

Username:root , Password: dietpi

11 Resources

Schematics
- NanoPi-NEO-Air-1608-Schematic.pdf
Dimensional Diagram
- pcb file in dxf format
H3 datasheet Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf

The following BakeBit modules can work with BakeBit - NanoHat Hub:

Matrix Modules & Wiki Sites:

12 Update Log

12.1 Sep-28-2016

Released English Version

12.2 Nov-03-2016

Updated Sections 1, 3.1 and 6.2

12.3 Dec-13-2016

Updated Section 6.2
Added Section 6.4

12.4 Jan-10-2016

Updated Section 5.2

12.5 Feb-5-2016

Updated Sections 6 and 9
Added sections 5.3 and 5.4

12.6 May-25-2016

Added section 3: software features
Added section 8: setup cross compiler for user space programs
Updated Sections 6.3: manage wifi with networkmanager