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1 Linux系统编译

1.1 各个OS对应的内核与u-boot版本

操作系统 内核版本 uboot版本 交叉编译器 分区类型 构建工具集 内核代码分支 内核配置 uboot代码分支 uboot配置
buildroot linux v4.19.y u-boot
v2017.09
11.3-aarch64 GPT sd-fuse nanopi4-v4.19.y nanopi4_linux_defconfig nanopi4-v2017.09 rk3288_defconfig
friendlycore-focal-arm64
friendlycore-lite-focal-arm64 linux v5.15.y GPT
sd-fuse
nanopi-r2-v5.15.y nanopi-r2_linux_defconfig
friendlywrt21 nanopi-r2_linux_defconfig
+friendlywrt.config
friendlywrt21-docker
friendlywrt22
friendlywrt22-docker
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
  • sd-fuse构建工具集可以用于快速编译kernel和uboot、重新打包sd卡固件与卡刷固件等
  • 点击表格中的MBR与GPT可查看各系统的分区布局(配置文件)

1.2 编译内核linux-v4.4.y

本节内容适用于如下OS:

lubuntu eflasher friendlydesktop-arm64 friendlycore-arm64

下载源代码并编译:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-linux-v4.4.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# 编译内核
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig
# make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- menuconfig  # 启动配置界面
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4-images -j$(nproc)
# 编译驱动模块
mkdir -p out-modules
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
rm -rf $PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/kernel/drivers/gpu/arm/mali400/
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

编译完会生成如下文件:

kernel.img resource.img 驱动模块位于out-modules目录

安装内核:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.3 编译u-boot v2014.10

本节内容适用于如下OS:

lubuntu eflasher friendlydesktop-arm64 friendlycore-arm64

下载源代码并编译:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2014.10_oreo
cd uboot-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- rk3399_defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-

编译完成后会生成如下文件:

uboot.img trust.img rk3399_loader_v1.22.119.bin

安装u-boot:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.4 编译内核linux-v4.19.y

本节内容适用于如下OS:

debian-buster-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64
friendlycore-focal-arm64 friendlycore-lite-focal-kernel4-arm64 friendlywrt21-kernel4 buildroot

下载源代码并编译:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# 编译内核
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig
# make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- menuconfig  # 启动配置界面
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4-images -j$(nproc)
# 编译驱动模块
mkdir -p out-modules
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
rm -rf $PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/kernel/drivers/gpu/arm/mali400/
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

编译完会生成如下文件:

kernel.img resource.img 驱动模块位于out-modules目录

安装内核:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.5 编译内核linux-v5.15.y

本节内容适用于如下OS:

friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt22 friendlywrt22-docker friendlycore-lite-focal-kernel5-arm64

下载源代码并编译:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi-r2-v5.15.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# 编译内核
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi4_linux_defconfig
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 menuconfig  # 启动配置界面
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 -j$(nproc)
# 编译驱动模块
mkdir -p out-modules && rm -rf out-modules/*
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

打包kernel.img与resource.img:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-5.15.y/tools/mkkrnlimg && chmod 755 mkkrnlimg
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-5.15.y/tools/resource_tool && chmod 755 resource_tool
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-5.15.y/prebuilt/boot/logo.bmp
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/kernel-5.15.y/prebuilt/boot/logo_kernel.bmp
./mkkrnlimg arch/arm64/boot/Image kernel.img
mkdir kernel-dtbs
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopi-r4s.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev09.dtb
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopi-r4s.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev0a.dtb
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopi-r4se.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev0b.dtb
cp -f arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3399-nanopc-t4.dtb kernel-dtbs/rk3399-nanopi4-rev00.dtb
./resource_tool --dtbname kernel-dtbs/*.dtb logo.bmp logo_kernel.bmp

完成后会得到如下文件:

kernel.img resource.img 驱动模块位于out-modules目录

安装内核:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.6 编译u-boot v2017.09

本节内容适用于如下OS:

debian-buster-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64
friendlycore-focal-arm64 friendlycore-lite-focal-kernel4-arm64 friendlywrt21-kernel4 buildroot

下载源代码并编译:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rkbin --single-branch --depth 1 -b friendlyelec
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09 -j$(nproc)
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
cd uboot-rockchip/
./make.sh nanopi4

编译完成后会生成如下文件:

uboot.img trust.img rk3399_loader_v1.24.126.bin

安装u-boot:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.7 下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.7.1 下载至已安装的系统
1.7.1.1 MBR分区

本节内容适用于如下OS:

lubuntu eflasher friendlydesktop-arm64 friendlycore-arm64

目前只有linux v4.4内核使用mbr分区,需要参考此链接的partmap文件,计算各分区的偏移地址,用dd命令进行写入,例如parameter.template文件内容中"0x00014000@0x00014000(kernel)"表示kernel.img的位置位于0x00014000,转换成10进制就是81920, 所以dd命令如下:

dd if=kernel.img of=/dev/mmcblk0 seek=81920
1.7.1.2 GPT分区

本节内容适用于如下OS:

debian-buster-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64
friendlycore-focal-arm64 friendlycore-lite-focal-kernel4-arm64 friendlywrt21-kernel4 buildroot
friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt22 friendlywrt22-docker

linux v4.19内核和linux v5.15内核的系统默认使用GPT分区, 更新GPT分区比较简单,直接dd image文件至相应的分区即可(注意image的大小不要越界),在操作时需要注意存储设备的节点:

  • SD/TF Card设备节点为 /dev/mmcblk0
  • eMMC设备节点为 /dev/mmcblk2

下面将演示如何将内核更新到eMMC:
使用parted命令查看分区布局:

parted /dev/mmcblk2 print

得到如下输出:

Model: MMC A3A551 (sd/mmc)
Disk /dev/mmcblk2: 31.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
 
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      8389kB  12.6MB  4194kB               uboot
 2      12.6MB  16.8MB  4194kB               misc
 3      16.8MB  21.0MB  4194kB               dtbo
 4      21.0MB  37.7MB  16.8MB               resource
 5      37.7MB  79.7MB  41.9MB               kernel
 6      79.7MB  113MB   33.6MB               boot
 7      113MB   147MB   33.6MB               recovery
 8      147MB   31.0GB  30.9GB  ext4         rootfs

可以看到resource分区位置为4, kernel分区位置为5,用dd命令分别写入resource.img与kernel.img到这两个分区即可, 命令如下:

dd if=resource.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p4 bs=1M
dd if=kernel.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p5 bs=1M

如果要更新uboot,则命令为:

dd if=boot.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p1 bs=1M

如果要更新内核驱动模块,将新驱动模块目录上传并替换以下目录下的文件即可:/lib/modules。

1.7.2 打包新的SD卡启动固件或者SD-to-eMMC卡刷固件

sd-fuse 提供一些工具和脚本, 用于制作SD卡固件, 具体用途如下:

  • 制作分区镜像文件, 例如将rootfs目录打包成rootfs.img
  • 将多个分区镜像文件打包成可直接写SD卡的单一镜像文件
  • 简化内核和uboot的编译, 一键编译内核、第三方驱动, 并更新rootfs.img中的内核模块

请根据所用的内核版本点击对应的链接了解详细的使用方法:

内核版本 构建工具集
linux v4.4.y sd-fuse
linux v4.19.y
sd-fuse
linux v5.15.y
sd-fuse
1.7.3 线刷

不擦除flash的情况下只刷入编译生成的文件即可,需要注意的是uboot编译生成的rk3399_loader需要改名为MiniLoaderAll.bin,如下命令演示刷入uboot与内核,需要先加载parameter.txt,再刷入其他文件:

sudo upgrade_tool ul MiniLoaderAll.bin
sudo upgrade_tool di -p parameter.txt
sudo upgrade_tool di uboot uboot.img
sudo upgrade_tool di trust trust.img
sudo upgrade_tool di resource resource.img
sudo upgrade_tool di kernel kernel.img
sudo upgrade_tool RD

注:upgrade_tool是Rockchip提供的Linux下的命令行工具(Linux_Upgrade_Tool)