NanoPi R4S

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Contents

1 Introduction

Overview
Front
Back
Front
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Case
Case
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  • The NanoPi R4S(as "R4S") is an open source platform with dual-Gbps Ethernet ports designed and developed by FriendlyElec for IoT applications.
  • The NanoPi R4S uses the RK3399 SoC. It has two Gbps Ethernet ports and 1G/4G DDR4 RAM. FriendlyElec ported an OpenWrt system for it. It works with Docker CE. It is a good platform for developing IoT applications, NAS applications etc.

2 Hardware Spec

  • SoC: Rockchip RK3399
    • CPU: big.LITTLE，Dual-Core Cortex-A72(up to 2.0GHz) + Quad-Core Cortex-A53(up to 1.5GHz)
    • GPU: Mali-T864 GPU，supports OpenGL ES1.1/2.0/3.0/3.1, OpenCL, DX11, and AFBC
    • VPU: 4K VP9 and 4K 10bits H265/H264 60fps decoding, Dual VOP, etc
  • PMU: RK808-D PMIC, cooperated with independent DC/DC, enabling DVFS, software power-down, RTC wake-up, system sleep mode
  • RAM: 1GB DDR3/4GB LPDDR4
  • Flash: no Onboard eMMC
  • Ethernet: one Native Gigabit Ethernet, and one PCIe Gigabit Ethernet
  • USB: two USB 3.0 Type-A ports
  • Pin header extension interface
    • 2x5-pin header: SPI x 1, I2C x 1
    • 4-pin header: USB 2.0
  • microSD Slot x 1
  • Debug: one Debug UART, 3 Pin 2.54mm header, 3V level, 1500000bps
  • LEDs: 1 x power LED and 3 x GPIO Controlled LED (SYS, LAN, WAN)
  • others:
    • 2 Pin 1.27/1.25mm RTC battery input connector
    • one User Button
    • one 5V Fan connector
  • Power supply: DC 5V/3A, via USB-C connector or Pin header
  • PCB: 8 Layer, 66 mm x 66 mm
  • Temperature measuring range: 0℃ to 80℃

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi R4S Layout
NanoPi R4S Layout
  • 2x5-pin header
Pin# Assignment Pin# Assignment
1 VDD_5V 2 VDD_3.3V
3 VDD_5V 4 GPIO4_C0/I2C3_SDA(3V)
5 GND 6 GPIO4_C1/I2C3_SCL(3V)
7 GPIO1_B1/SPI1_CLK 8 GPIO1_B0/SPI1_TXD/UART4-TX
9 GPIO1_B2/SPI1_CSn 10 GPIO1_A7/SPI1_RXD/UART4-RX
  • 4-pin header
1 2 3 4
VDD_5V USB_DM USB_DP GND
  • Debug UART Pin Spec
3V level signals, 1500000bps
Pin# Assignment Description
1 GND 0V
2 UART2DBG_TX output
3 UART2DBG_RX intput
  • USB Port
Each USB 3.0 port has 2A overcurrent protection.
  • RTC
RTC backup current is 27uA.
Connector P/N: Molex 53398-0271
Notes
  1. Power Input : 5V/3A, via USB Type-C(USB PD Specification is not supported) or Pin1&Pin2 of the 2x5-pin header

3.2 Globally unique ethernet mac address (EUI-48)

NanoPi-R4S has a unique Mac address, which is assigned to the built-in Ethernet card (rtl8211e) by default. The network interface name is eth0, it is assigned to WAN port on FriendlyWrt OS:
R4s-friendlywrt-macaddress.png
See the mac address on the command line:
Friendlywrt-macaddress-ifconfig.png
How to determine whether an address is globally unique mac address:

  • Check the first byte of the address. If bit 2 is 1, it means that this address is only used locally, not globally unique.

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi R4S get the following items ready

  • NanoPi R4S
  • MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
  • 5V/3A and above USB Type-C interface power adapter (Note: QC/PD fast charger may have compatibility issues)， it is recommended to use the following or similar power adapter:
  • If you need to develop and compile,you need a computer that can connect to the Internet. It is recommended to install Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system and use the following script to initialize the development environment:

4.2 Install OS

4.2.1 Download Image Files

Go to download link to download the image files under the officail-ROMs directory and the flashing utility under the tools directory:

Image Files:
rk3399-sd-friendlywrt-5.10-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Based on OpenWrt and Linux-5.10 Kernel
rk3399-sd-friendlycore-lite-focal-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Based on UbuntuCore 20.04 and Linux-5.10 Kernel
rk3399-sd-friendlycore-lite-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Based on UbuntuCore 20.04 and Linux-4.19 Kernel
Flashing Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

4.2.2 Linux

4.2.2.1 Flash to TF
  • FriendlyCore / Debian / Ubuntu / OpenWrt / DietPi are all based on a same Linux distribution and their installation methods are the same.
  • Extract the Linux image and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.


After it is installed you will see the following window:
win32disk-finish

  • Insert this card into your board's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the PWR LED is on and the STAT LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
    ;

5 Work with FriendlyWrt

5.1 Introduction to FriendlyWrt

FriendlyWrt is a customized system made by FriendlyElec based on an OpenWrt distribution. It is open source and well suitable for developing IoT applications, NAS applications etc.

5.2 First boot

For the first boot, the system needs to do the following initialization work：
1）Extended root file system
2）Initial setup（will execute /root/setup.sh)
So you need to wait for a while (about 2~3 minutes) to boot up for the first time, and then set FriendlyWrt, you can enter the ttyd terminal on the openwrt webpage, when the prompt is displayed as root@FriendlyWrt, it means the system has been initialized. 

root@FriendlyWrt

5.3 Account & Password

The default password is password (empty password in some versions). Please set or change a safer password for web login and ssh login. It is recommended to complete this setting before connecting NanoPi-R4S to the Internet.

5.4 Login FriendlyWrt

Connect the PC to the LAN port of NanoPi-R4S. If your PC without a built-in ethernet port, connect the LAN port of the wireless AP to the LAN port of NanoPi-R4S, and then connect your PC to the wireless AP via WiFi , Enter the following URL on your PC's browser to access the admin page:

The above is the LAN port address of NanoPi-R4S. The IP address of the WAN port will be dynamically obtained from your main router through DHCP.

5.5 Recommended security settings

The following settings are highly recommended to complete before connecting NanoPi-R4S to the Internet。

  • Set a secure password
  • Only allow access to ssh from lan, change the port
  • Check the firewall settings

Set up as you wish.

5.6 Change LAN IP in LuCI

1) Click on Network → Interfaces, then click on the Edit button of the LAN Network;
2) In General Setup tab, input new IP address (for example: 192.168.11.1), click "Save" and then click "Save & Apply";
3) On the pop-up window with the title “Connectivity change“, click "Apply and revert on connectivity loss";
4) Wait a moment, enter the new address in your computer's browser and login to FriendlyWrt;

5.7 Safe shutdown operation

Enter the "Services" -> "Terminal", enter the "poweroff" command and hit enter, wait until the led light is off, and then unplug the power supply.

5.8 Soft Factory Reset

Enter "System"->"Backup/Flash firmware"，Click “Perform reset“ Button, Your device's settings will be reset to defaults like when FriendlyWrt was first installed.
You can also do this in the terminal: 

firstboot && reboot

5.9 Install Software Packages

5.9.1 Set up openwrt official opkg source

sed -i -e 's/mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/downloads.openwrt.org/g' /etc/opkg/distfeeds.conf
opkg update

5.9.2 Update Package List

Before install software packages update the package list: 

$ opkg update

5.9.3 List Available Packages

$ opkg list

5.9.4 List Installed Packages

$ opkg list-installed

5.9.5 Install Packages

$ opkg install <package names>

5.9.6 Remove Packages

$ opkg remove <package names>

5.10 Disable IPv6

. /root/setup.sh
disable_ipv6
reboot

5.11 Configure the function of the user button

By default, the user button is configured to reboot the device, as shown below: 

echo 'BTN_1 1 /sbin/reboot' >> /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/example.conf

You can change its behavior by changing the configuration file above.

5.12 Configuring Quectel EC20 (4G module) dial-up networking

  • Go to "Network" -> "Interfaces"
  • Click "Delete" next to "WAN6", then click "Save & Apply"
  • Click "Edit" next to "WAN", in the "Device" drop-down menu, select "Ethernet Adapter: wwan0", in the "Protocol" drop-down menu, select "QMI Cellular" and click "Switch Protocol"
  • Click the "Modem Device" drop-down menu, select "/dev/cdc-wdm0", fill in the APN information (e.g. for China Mobile, enter "cmnet")
  • Click "Save" to close the dialog, Finally, click "Save & Apply" at the bottom of the page to initiate the dial-up process
  • Devices connected to LAN will have access to the Internet, If your device has a WiFi module, you can enable wireless AP functionality on the "Wireless" page and connect to the Internet via devices connected wirelessly

5.13 Some common issues of FriendlyWrt

  • Unable to dial up
    • Go to "Network" -> "Firewall" and set "Inbound Data", "Outbound Data" and "Forwarding" in "WAN Zone" to "Accept";
    • If you still cannot access the Internet, you can try to turn off IPV6;
  • Dial-up successful, but no outgoing traffic
    • Go to "Services" -> "Terminal" and type "fw4 reload" to try to reload the firewall settings again;
  • Unable to power on
    • Try to replace the power adapter and cable. It is recommended to use a power supply with specifications above 5V/2A;
    • Note that some fast chargers with Type-C interface will have a delay, it may take a few seconds to start providing power;
  • When doing secondary routing, the computer cannot connect to the Internet
    • If your main network is IPv4, and NanoPi-R4S works in IPv6, the computer may not be able to connect to the Internet. It is recommended to turn off IPv6 (the method is described later in this WiKi), or switch the main route to IPv6;
  • If you have questions or have better suggestions, please send an email to techsupport@friendlyarm.com;

5.14 Use USB2LCD to view IP and temperature

Plug the USB2LCD module to the USB interface ofNanoPi-R4S and power on, the IP address and CPU temperature will be displayed on the LCD:
Xxx-usb2lcd-01.png

5.15 How to Control Fan Speed for Cooling

（Note: The contents of this section are based on firmware released after 2021/08/31, kernel version kernel 5.10.xyz）

  • The default behavior of the current PWM fan is: after a short wait (about 20 seconds) for power on, the fan will first work automatically for about 5 seconds, after which the behavior is driven by the kernel, which decides the fan on/off and the speed according to the CPU temperature.
  • The behavior of the fan can be changed by modifying the following script: /usr/bin/fa-fancontrol.sh. For example, to change the CPU temperature when the fan starts working, you can change the following two lines:
echo 50000 > trip_point_3_temp  # Indicates that the fan starts working at the lowest speed when the CPU temperature reaches 50 degrees
echo 55000 > trip_point_4_temp  # Indicates that when the CPU temperature reaches 55 degrees, the fan rises to the second gear and above and automatically adjusts to the highest gear (4th gear) or reduces the speed according to the CPU cooling situation

As shown below, the cooling-levels define 4 levels, with 0 being off and the highest level being 255: 

	fan: pwm-fan {
 		compatible = "pwm-fan";
-		/* FIXME: adjust leveles for the connected fan */
-		cooling-levels = <0 12 18 255>;
+		cooling-levels = <0 18 102 170 255>;
  • If you are using kernel version 4.19.xyz, the fan is operated by PWM at the application level to achieve temperature control, the above content is not applicable, you need to modify this script: 
/usr/bin/fa-fancontrol-direct.sh


5.16 How to use USB WiFi

5.16.1 Check USB WiFi Device with Command Line Utility

(1) Click on "services>ttyd" to start the command line utility

(2) Make sure no USB devices are connected to your board and run the following command to check if any USB devices are connected or not

lsusb

(3) Connect a USB WiFi device to the board and run the command again

lsusb

You will see a new device is detected. In our test the device's ID was 0BDA:C811

(4) Type your device's ID (in our case it was "0BDA:C811" or "VID_0BDA&PID_C811") in a search engine and you may find a device that matches the ID. In our case the device we got was Realtek 8811CU.

5.16.2 Configure a USB WiFi Device as AP

(1) Connect a USB WiFi device to the NanoPi-R4S. We recommend you to use the following devices:
R2swrt+usbwifi-20210831.jpg
Note: devices that match these VID&PIDs would most likely work.
(2) Click on "System>Reboot" and reboot your NanoPi-R4S

(3) Click on "Network>Wireless" to enter the WiFi configuration page

(4) Click on "Edit" to edit the configuration

(5) On the "Interface Configuration" page you can set the WiFi mode and SSID, and then go to "Wireless Security" to change the password. By default the password is "password". After you make your changes click on "Save" to save

(6) After you change the settings you can use a smartphone or PC to search for WiFi

5.16.3 Common USB WiFi issues

1) It is recommended to plug in the usb wifi in the off state, then power it on, FriendlyWrt will automatically generate the configuration file /etc/config/wireless, if not, see if there is wlan0 by ifconfig -a, if there is no wlan0, usually there is no driver.
2) If ifconfig -a sees wlan0, but the hotspot is not working properly, try changing the channel and country code, an inappropriate country code can also cause the WiFi to not work.
3) Some USB WiFis (e.g. MTK MT7662) work in CD-ROM mode by default and need to be switched by usb_modeswitch, you can try to add usb_modeswitch configuration to the following directory: /etc/usb_modeswitch.d.

5.16.4 Change the default WiFi hotspot configuration

FriendlyWrt sets the country, hotspot name and other parameters for USB WiFi by default, with the aim of being as plug-and-play as possible, but this does not guarantee that all modules will be compatible with this setting, you can change these behaviors by modifying the following file： 

/lib/wifi/mac80211.sh

5.17 Work with Docker Applications

5.17.1 Work with Docker: Install JellyFin

mkdir -p /jellyfin/config
mkdir -p /jellyfin/videos
docker run --restart=always -d -p 8096:8096 -v /jellyfin/config:/config -v /jellyfin/videos:/videos jellyfin/jellyfin:10.1.0-arm64 -name myjellyfin

After installation, visit port 8096 and here is what you would find:
FriendlyWrt+JerryFin

5.17.2 Work with Docker: Install Personal Nextcloud

mkdir /nextcloud -p
docker run -d -p 8888:80  --name nextcloud  -v /nextcloud/:/var/www/html/ --restart=always --privileged=true  arm64v8/nextcloud

After installtion, visit port 8888.

5.17.3 Expand Docker Storage

  • Stop docker service first:
/etc/init.d/dockerd stop
  • Rename the original /opt directory, create an empty /opt directory:
mv /opt /opt-old && mkdir /opt
  • Format your drive as ext4, and mount it to the /opt directory:

Friendlywrt mount nvme opt-en.jpg

  • Enter the command "mount | grep /opt" to check the mount status:
root@FriendlyWrt:~# mount | grep /opt
/dev/nvme0n1p1 on /opt type ext4 (rw,relatime)
root@FriendlyWrt:~#
  • Copy the files from the original /opt directory to the new /opt directory:
cp -af /opt-old/* /opt/ && rm -rf /opt-old
  • Reboot the device
reboot
  • After reboot, go to the "Docker" -> "Overview" page, check the information in the "Docker Root Dir" line, you can see that the Docker space has been expanded:

Friendlywrt docker info-en.jpg

5.17.4 Docker FAQ and solutions

5.17.4.1 Unable to access the network services provided by the Docker container

Solution:

  • Go to the "Firewall" settings and set "Forwarding" to "Accept";
  • Turn off "Software Offload";

5.18 Mount smbfs

mount -t cifs //192.168.1.10/shared /movie -o username=xxx,password=yyy,file_mode=0644

5.19 Use sdk to compile the package

5.19.1 Install the compilation environment

Download and run the following script on 64-bit Ubuntu (version 18.04+): How to setup the Compiling Environment on Ubuntu bionic

5.19.2 Download and decompress sdk from the network disk

The sdk is located in the toolchain directory of the network disk: 

tar xvf openwrt-sdk-*-rockchip-armv8_gcc-11.2.0_musl.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz
# If the path is too long, it will cause some package compilation errors, so change the directory name here
mv openwrt-sdk-*-rockchip-armv8_gcc-11.2.0_musl.Linux-x86_64 sdk
cd sdk
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a

5.19.3 Compile the package

download the source code of the example (a total of 3 examples are example1, example2, example3), and copy to the package directory: 

git clone https://github.com/mwarning/openwrt-examples.git
cp -rf openwrt-examples/example* package/
rm -rf openwrt-examples/

Then enter the configuration menu through the following command: 

make menuconfig

In the menu, select the following packages we want to compile (actually selected by default): 

"Utilities" => "example1"
"Utilities" => "example3"
"Network" => "VPN" => "example2"

execute the following commands to compile the three software packages: 

make package/example1/compile V=99
make package/example2/compile V=99
make package/example3/compile V=99

After the compilation is successful, you can find the ipk file in the bin directory, as shown below: 

$ find ./bin -name example*.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example3_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example1_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example2_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk

5.19.4 Install the ipk to NanoPi

You can use the scp command to upload the ipk file to NanoPi: 

cd ./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/
scp example*.ipk root@192.168.2.1:/root/

Then use the opkg command to install them: 

cd /root/
opkg install example3_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
opkg install example1_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
opkg install example2_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk

5.20 Build FriendlyWrt using GitHub Actions

Please refre this link: https://github.com/friendlyarm/Actions-FriendlyWrt

6 Work with FriendlyCore

6.1 FriendlyCore User Account

  • Non-root User:
   User Name: pi
   Password: pi
  • Root:
   User Name: root
   Password: fa

6.2 Update Software Packages

$ sudo apt-get update

6.3 Setup Network Configurations

6.3.1 Set static IP address

By default "eth0" is assigned an IP address obtained via dhcp. If you want to change the setting you need to change the following file: 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

For example if you want to assign a static IP to it you can run the following commands: 

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.231
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1

6.3.2 Set a DNS

You also need to modify the following file to add the DNS configuration: 

vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

For example, set to 192.168.1.1: 

[Resolve]
DNS=192.168.1.1

Restart the systemd-resolved service with the following command: 

sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
sudo systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service

6.3.3 Set up to use another network interface

To change the setting of "eth1" you can add a new file similar to eth0's configuration file under the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory.

6.4 Setup Wi-Fi

First, use the following command to check if Network-Manager is installed on your system: 

which nmcli

If you have installed it, refer to this link to connect to WiFi: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings, If you do not have Network-Manager installed on your system, please refer to the following method to configure WiFi,
By default the WiFi device is "wlan0". You need to create a configuration file under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/" for WiFi: 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

Here is a sample wlan0 file: 

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

Please replace "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" with your WiFiESSID and password. After save and close the file you can connect to your WiFi source by running the following command: 

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart networking

After you power on your board it will automatically connect to your WiFi source.
Please note that if you use one TF card to boot multiple boards the WiFi device name will likely be named to "wlan1", "wlan2" and etc. You can reset it to "wlan0" by deleting the contents of the following file and reboot your board: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

6.4.1 WiFi models supported

6.4.1.1 M.2 WiFi Module
  • RTL8822CE
6.4.1.2 Usb Dongle
  • RTL8821CU (Vid: 0BDA, Pid: C811) (Test sample:TP-Link TL-WDN5200H)
  • RTL8812AU (Vid: 0BDA, Pid: 8812)
  • MediaTek MT7662 (Vid: 0E8D, Pid: 7612) (Test sample:COMFAST CF-WU782AC V2)

6.5 Install the kernel-header package

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

6.6 Build kernel-header deb package

Please refre to: https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399/blob/kernel-5.15.y/test/test-build-kernel-header-deb.sh

6.7 Config status LEDs

First determine whether the system already exists the leds initialization service: 

sudo systemctl status leds

If the leds service already exists, change the default behavior of the LEDs by editing the following file: 

/etc/init.d/leds.sh

Since there is no leds service in the early firmware, you need to refer to the following guide to manually configure the LEDs. First, set the following kernel modules to be automatically loaded at boot:

modprobe ledtrig-netdev
echo ledtrig-netdev > /etc/modules-load.d/ledtrig-netdev.conf

Put the following into the autorun script to associate the status leds with the ethernet interface, and you can configure it to behave in other ways by referring to these content:

echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/wan_led/trigger
echo eth0 > /sys/class/leds/wan_led/device_name
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/wan_led/link
 
echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/lan_led/trigger
echo eth1 > /sys/class/leds/lan_led/device_name
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/lan_led/link

6.8 Configure parameters for serial port

Use the following serial parameters:

Baud rate 1500000
Data bit 8
Parity check None
Stop bit 1
Flow control None

7 Buildroot Linux

Buildroot is a simple, efficient and easy-to-use tool to generate embedded Linux systems through cross-compilation. It contains a boot-loader, kernel, rootfs, various libraries and utilities(e.g. qt, gstreamer, busybox etc).

FriendlyELEC's Buildroot is based on Rockchip's version which is made with linux-sdk and maintained with git. FriendlyELEC's version is synced with Rockchip's version;


For a more detailed description of the Buildroot system, please refer to: Buildroot

8 Compile FriendlyWrt

8.1 Download Code

mkdir friendlywrt-rk3399
cd friendlywrt-rk3399
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v21.02 -m rk3399.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle

8.2 1-key Compile

./build.sh nanopi_r4s.mk

All the components (including u-boot, kernel, and friendlywrt) are compiled and the sd card image will be generated.

8.3 Recompile u-boot, kernel or friendlywrt

./build.sh uboot
./build.sh kernel
./build.sh friendlywrt

8.4 Repackaged into firmware

./build.sh sd-img

9 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal

9.1 Setup Development Environment

We suggest you do it on a 64 bit Ubuntu 18.04 system and install the following packages: 

sudo apt-get -y install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get -y install flex curl libncurses5-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom
sudo apt-get -y install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo apt-get -y install exfat-fuse exfat-utils device-tree-compiler liblz4-tool
sudo apt-get -y install android-tools-fsutils
sudo apt-get -y install swig
sudo apt-get -y install python-dev python3-dev

9.2 Install Cross Compiler

9.2.1 Install aarch64-linux-gcc 6.4

This compiler can be used to compile a Linux kernel and u-boot. You can do it by running the following commands: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git -b master --depth 1
cd prebuilts/gcc-x64
cat toolchain-6.4-aarch64.tar.gz* | sudo tar xz -C /

Add the compiler's directory to the PATH variable by appending the following lines to the ~/.bashrc file: 

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Run the ~/.bashrc script to make it effective in the current commandline. Note: there is a space after ".": 

. ~/.bashrc

This is a 64 bit compiler and cannot work on a 32 bit Linux system. You can test if your compiler is installed correctly by running the following commands: 

aarch64-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/libexec/gcc/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/6.4.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/build/src/gcc/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++
--enable-fix-cortex-a53-835769 --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --with-cpu=cortex-a53
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 6.4.0 (ctng-1.23.0-150g-FA)

9.3 Easy way to compile kernel and uboot for FriendlyCore-Focal OS

9.3.1 Download tools and firmware

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399.git -b kernel-4.19
cd sd-fuse_rk3399
wget http://112.124.9.243/dvdfiles/RK3399/images-for-eflasher/friendlycore-focal-arm64-images.tgz
tar xvzf friendlycore-focal-arm64-images.tgz

9.3.2 Compile the kernel

Download the kernel source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory will be automatically updated, including the kernel modules in the file system: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rk3399
KERNEL_SRC=$PWD/kernel-rk3399 ./build-kernel.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

9.3.3 Compile the uboot

Download the uboot source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory will be automatically updated: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09
UBOOT_SRC=$PWD/uboot-rockchip ./build-uboot.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

9.3.4 Generate new firmware

Repackage the image file in the friendlycore-focal-arm64 directory into sd card firmware: 

./mk-sd-image.sh friendlycore-focal-arm64

After the command is completed, the firmware is in the out directory, you can use the dd command to make the SD boot card, for example: 

dd if=out/rk3399-sd-friendlycore-focal-4.19-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img of=/dev/sdX bs=1M

9.4 Compile kernel and uboot for FriendlyCore-Focal OS in normal way

9.4.1 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal's Kernel-4.19 Source Code

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v4.19.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
make distclean
touch .scmversion
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4_linux_defconfig
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux- nanopi4-images

After compilation is done a kernel.img and a resource.img will be generated，you can use the tool sd_update to burn them to TF card or eMMC.

9.4.2 Compile FriendlyCore-Focal's uboot-2017.09 Source Code

[ -d rkbin ] || git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rkbin
(cd rkbin && git reset 25de1a8bffb1e971f1a69d1aa4bc4f9e3d352ea3 --hard)
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi4-v2017.09
cd uboot-rockchip
make distclean
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
./make.sh nanopi4

After compilation is done a uboot.img, a trust.img and a rk3399_loader_v1.24.126.bin will be generated. You need to rename the rk3399_loader_v1.24.126.bin to "MiniLoaderAll.bin"，you can use the tool sd_update to burn them to TF card or eMMC.

9.5 Make Bootable SD Card for Mass Production

If you need to make a bootable SD card for mass production you can refer to this github link:
sd-fuse_rk3399

10 More OS Support

10.1 DietPi

Dietpi-logo.png
DietPi is a highly optimised & minimal Debian-based Linux distribution. DietPi is extremely lightweight at its core, and also extremely easy to install and use.
Setting up a single board computer (SBC) or even a computer, for both regular or server use, takes time and skill. DietPi provides an easy way to install and run favourite software you choose.
For more information, please visit this link https://dietpi.com/docs/.

DietPi supports many of the NanoPi board series, you may download the image file from here:

11 Link to Rockchip Resources

12 Schematic, PCB CAD File

13 Known Issues List

    • Q: UGREEN 18W QC power adapter cannot power R4S?
    • A: It needs to wait for a few seconds to work normally.

14 Update Log

14.1 2021-10-29

14.1.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • FriendlyWrt has been updated to the official stable version 21.02.1, features are basically the same as 19.07.5, support docker, usb wifi, etc.

14.2 2021-08-31

14.2.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • Upgraded kernel to 5.10.60
  • Add a high-speed 5G USB WiFi support, the network card model is Comfast CF-WU782AC V2, the chip model is MediaTek MT7662
  • Improved USB WiFi compatibility
  • Improved PWM fan support, fan controlled by kernel drive, temperature control support（Please search for "PWM fans" on the R4S WiKi page for details)
  • Improved stability on first boot (previous version, bpfilter error occurred in some cases on first boot)

14.3 2020-12-23

  • FriendlyWrt has been updated to the official stable version 19.07.5
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