NanoPi NEO2

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

• The NanoPI NEO2 is a newly released super tiny ARM board by FriendlyElec. It uses Allwinner’s 64-bit H5 quad-core SoC (ARM Cortex-A53). It has internal hexa-core Mail450 GPU, 512M DDR3 RAM. A UbuntuCore and Armbian image files are ready for it.
• The NanoPi NEO2 inherits NEO's form factor and has compatible interfaces and ports with NEO. In addition in such a small dimension it has Gbps Ethernet and one USB host port. These features make it especially suitable for applications that require high data throughput , speedy data transmission and high performance. Hobbyists and makers will just love it.

2 Hardware Spec

• CPU: Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53
• DDR3 RAM: 512MB
• Connectivity: 10/100/1000M Ethernet, RTL8211E-VB-CG chip
• USB Host: USB Type A x 1 and USB pin header x 2
• MicroSD Slot: MicroSD x 1 for system boot and storage
• LED: Power LED x 1, System LED(Blue) x 1
• GPIO1: 2.54mm pitch 24 pin-header, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO pin1 - pin 24. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
• GPIO2: 2.54mm pitch 12 pin-header. It includes USB, IR receiver, I2S, IO etc
• Serial Debug Port: 2.54mm pitch 4pin-header
• Audio In/Out: 2.0mm pitch 5 pin-header
• MicroUSB: Power input(5V/2A) and OTG
• PCB Dimension: 40 x 40mm
• Weight: 13g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)
• OS/Software: u-boot,Ubuntu Core

3 Software Features

3.1 uboot

• mainline uboot released on May 2017

3.2 UbuntuCore 16.04

• 64-bit system
• mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2
• rpi-monitor: check system status and information
• npi-config: system configuration utility for setting passwords, language, timezone, hostname, SSH and auto-login,and enabling/disabling i2c, spi, serial and PWM. When enabling PWM it will prompt that Serial debug port will be disabled.
• software utility: wiringNP to access GPIO pins
• software utility: RPi.GPIO_NP to access GPIO pins
• networkmanager: manage network
• system log output from serial port
• supports USB WiFi module: refer to #Connect USB WiFi to NEO
• supports audio recording and playing with 3.5mm audio jack
• supports I2C 0/1
• fixed MAC address

3.3 Ubuntu OLED

• mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2
• supports FriendlyElec's OLED module

3.4 Debian

• welcome window with basic system information and status

3.5 Debian for NAS Dock

• mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2
• supports FriendlyElec's NAS Dock
• optimized OpenMediaVault configuration options
• allocated swap section

4 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

4.1 Layout

NanoPi NEO2 Layout

pinout

• GPIO Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Linux gpio	Pin#	Name	Linux gpio
1	SYS_3.3V		2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA/GPIOA12	12	4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL/GPIOA11	11	6	GND
7	GPIOG11	203	8	UART1_TX/GPIOG6	198
9	GND		10	UART1_RX/GPIOG7	199
11	UART2_TX/GPIOA0	0	12	GPIOA6	6
13	UART2_RTS/GPIOA2	2	14	GND
15	UART2_CTS/GPIOA3	3	16	UART1_RTS/GPIOG8	200
17	SYS_3.3V		18	UART1_CTS/GPIOG9	201
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC0	64	20	GND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOC1	65	22	UART2_RX/GPIOA1	1
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC2	66	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC3	67

• USB/Audio/IR Pin Descripton

NanoPi-NEO2
Pin#	Name	Description
1	VDD_5V	5V Power Out
2	USB-DP1	USB1 DP Signal
3	USB-DM1	USB1 DM Signal
4	USB-DP2	USB2 DP Signal
5	USB-DM2	USB2 DM Signal
6	GPIOL11/IR-RX	GPIOL11 or IR Receive
7	SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17	GPIOA17 or SPDIF-OUT
8	PCM0_SYNC/I2S0_LRC	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock/Sync
9	PCM0_CLK/I2S0_BCK	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock
10	PCM0_DOUT/I2S0_SDOUT	I2S/PCM Serial Data Output
11	PCM0_DIN/I2S0_SDIN	I2S/PCM Serial Data Input
12	GND	0V

• Audio

Pin#	Name	Description
1	MICIN1P	Microphone Positive Input
2	MICIN1N	Microphone Negative Input
3	LINEOUTR	LINE-OUT Right Channel Output
4	GND	0V
5	LINEOUTL	LINE-OUT Left Channel Output

• Debug Port（UART0）

DBG_UART

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0
4	UART_RXD0

Note

1. SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
2. VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V. It can take power input from the MicroUSB.
3. All pins are 3.3V and output current is 5mA
4. For more details refer to the document: NanoPi_NEO2-1701-Schematic.pdf

4.2 Dimensional Diagram

For more details refer to pcb file in dxf format

5 Get Started

5.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi NEO2 get the following items ready

• NanoPi NEO2
• microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
• microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
• A Host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

5.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi NEO2 boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

• SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

• SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

• 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

5.3 Make an Installation TF Card

5.3.1 Get Image File

Get the following files from download link to download image files (under the officail-ROMs directory) and the flashing utility(under the tools directory):

Image Files:
nanopi-neo2_ubuntu-core-xenial_3.10.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded Image File, kernel:Linux-3.10
nanopi-neo2_ubuntu-core-xenial_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded Image File, kernel:Linux-4.x
nanopi-neo2_debian-nas-jessie_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Image File with Support for NAS Dock, Kernel: Linux-4.x, applicable to 1-bay NAS Dock
nanopi-neo2_ubuntu-oled_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Image File with Support for OLED Module, Kernel: Linux-4.x, applicable to NanoHat OLED
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

5.3.2 Make Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded Image Card

• Extract the UbuntuCore file. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
• After this writing process is done insert this card into your NanoPi NEO2's TF card slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the blue LED is blinking this indicates your NanoPi NEO2 has successfully booted.
  

Note:you can make both a Debian and a Ubuntu image card in this way.

6 Work with Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

6.1 Run Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

• If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal. Here is a setup where we connect a NanoPi NEO2 to a PC via the PSU-ONECOM and you can power on your NEO2 from either the PSU-ONECOM or the board's MicroUSB:

Or you can use a USB to Serial module to do it. Here is a hardware setup:

• Ubuntu-Core's User Accounts:

Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

• Update packages:

$ sudo apt-get update

6.2 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility.

sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:

6.3 Ethernet Connection

If a NanoPi NEO2 is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP after it is powered up. If it is not connected via Ethernet or its DHCP is not activated obtaining an IP will fail and system will hang on for about 15 to 60 seconds.In this case you can try obtaining an IP by using the following command:

dhclient eth0

6.4 Login via SSH

The NanoPi NEO2 doesn't have a video output interface. You can log into the board via SSH. In our test the IP address detected by our router was 192.168.1.230 and we ran the following command to log into the NanoPi NEO2:

ssh root@192.168.1.230

The password is fa

6.5 Extend TF Card's rootfs Section

When you boot Debian/UbuntuCore for the first time with your image card your OS will automatically resize the file system and this process takes a relatively long time.After your OS is fully loaded you can check the file system's size by using the following command:

df -h

6.6 Connect USB WiFi to NEO2

Our system has support for popular USB WiFi drivers. Many USB WiFi modules are plug and play with our system. Here is a list of models we tested;

Number	Model
1	RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2	RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3	RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4	RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5	NetGear, Inc. WG111v3 54 Mbps Wireless [realtek RTL8187B]

If you NanoPi NEO2 is connected to a USB WiFi and is powered up you can log into NEO2 and run the following command to check if the USB WiFi is recognized. If "wlan0" is listed it indicates your USB WiFi has been recognized:

sudo ifconfig -a

Open this file "/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf":

sudo vi /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

Open the /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf file and append the following lines:

network={
        ssid="YourWiFiESSID"
        psk="YourWiFiPassword"
}

The "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" need to be replaced with your actual ESSID and password.
Save, exit and run the following commands to connect to your WiFi router:

$ sudo ifdown wlan0
$ sudo ifup wlan0

If your WiFi password has special characters or you don't want your password saved as plain text you can use "wpa_passphrase" to generate a psk for your WiFi password. Here is how you can do it:

$ sudo wpa_passphrase YourWiFiESSID

Following the prompt type in your password and you will get a new password in the /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf file. Now you can replace the existing password in the wlan0 file with the new one.

6.7 Connect NanoPi NEO2 to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

The FA-CAM202 is a 2M-pixel USB camera module. Boot your NEO2, connect NEO2 to the internet, log in the system as root, compile and run the mjpg-streamer utility:

cd /root/mjpg-streamer
apt-get install libjpeg62-dev
make
./start.sh

The mjpg-streamer is an open source media server. After it is started successfully you will see the following messages:

 
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

In our case our NEO2's IP address was 192.168.1.123. We typed "192.168.1.123:8080" on a browser, entered and we got the following screenshot:

6.8 Play & Record Audio

The NanoPi NEO2 has an audio interface (2.0mm pitch 5-pin header) whose pin description is as follows:

Pin#	Name	Description
1	MICIN1P	Microphone Positive Input
2	MICIN1N	Microphone Negative Input
3	LINEOUTR	LINE-OUT Right Channel Output
4	GND	地
5	LINEOUTL	LINE-OUT Left Channel Output

Here is a hardware setup on how to connect an audio device to a NEO2:

Before begin to play or record a audio make sure your NEO2 is connected to an audio device.
Check a recognized audio device:

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: audiocodec [audiocodec], device 0: SUNXI-CODEC sun50iw2codec-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

Play an audio file:

$ aplay /root/Music/test.wav -D plughw:0

Record an audio file:

$ arecord -f cd -d 5 test.wav

6.9 Access GPIO Pins/Wirings with WiringNP

The wiringPi library was initially developed by Gordon Henderson in C. It contains libraries to access GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, PWM and etc. The wiringPi library contains various libraries, header files and a commandline utility:gpio. The gpio utility can be used to read and write GPIO pins.
FriendlyElec integrated this utility in NEO2's system allowing users to easily access GPIO pins. For more details refer to [1]

6.10 Access GPIO Pins/Wirings with RPi.GPIO_NP

RPi.GPIO is a famous library in python for Raspberry Pi. FriendlyElec ported it to the NanoPi NEO/NEO2's UbuntuCore images and renamed it as RPi.GPIO_NP.
For more details refer to [2]

7 Make Your Own Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

7.1 Mainline U-boot & Linux(64 bit)

Now the NanoPi NEO2 can run a 64-bit Linux kernel with 64-bit Ubuntu Core 16.04. Here is a detailed reference on how to run mainline U-boot and Linux on H5: Mainline U-boot & Linux

7.2 Use Allwinner's BSP

7.2.1 Preparations

Visit this link download link and enter the "sources/nanopi-H5-bsp" directory and download all the source code.Use the 7-zip utility to extract it and a lichee directory and an Android directory will be generated.You can check that by running the following command:

ls ./
lichee

Or you can get it from our github:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/h5_lichee.git lichee

Note: "lichee" is the project name named by Allwinner for its CPU's source code which contains the source code of U-boot, Linux kernel and various scripts.

7.2.2 Install Cross Compiler

Visit this site download link, enter the "toolchain" directory, download the cross compiler "gcc-linaro-arm-4.6.3.tar.xz" and "gcc-linaro-aarch64.tar.xz" and copy them to the "lichee/brandy/toochain/" directory.
"gcc-linaro-arm-4.6.3.tar.xz"is for compiling u-boot and "gcc-linaro-aarch64.tar.xz" is for compiling Linux kernel.

7.2.3 Compile lichee Source Code

Compilation of the H5's BSP source code must be done under a PC running a 64-bit Linux.The following cases were tested on Ubuntu-14.04 LTS-64bit:

sudo apt-get install gawk git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos \
python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386

Enter the lichee directory and run the following command to compile the whole package:

cd lichee/fa_tools
./build.sh -b nanopi-neo2 -p linux -t all

After this compilation succeeds a u-boot, Linux kernel and kernel modules will be generated.
Note: the lichee directory contains cross-compilers we have setup. When the build.sh script runs it will automatically call these cross-compilers.

The following commands can be used to update the u-boot on an installation TF card:

cd lichee/fa_tools/
./fuse.sh -d /dev/sdx -p linux -t u-boot

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system.
The boot.img and kernel modules are under the "linux-3.10/output" directory. You can copy the new boot.img file to your TF card's boot section.

7.2.4 Compile U-boot

You can run the following commands to compile u-boot individually:

cd lichee/fa_tools/
./build.sh -b nanopi-neo2 -p linux -t u-boot

7.2.5 Compile Linux Kernel

You can run the following commands to compile Linux kernel individually:

cd lichee/fa_tools/
./build.sh -b nanopi-neo2 -p linux -t kernel

The boot.img and kernel modules are under the "linux-3.10/output" directory. You can copy the new boot.img file to your TF card's boot section.

7.2.6 Clean Source Code

cd lichee/fa_tools/
./build.sh -b nanopi-neo2 -p linux -t clean

8 Connect External Modules to NEO2

8.1 DIY NAS Server with 1-bay NAS Dock & NEO2

The 1-bay NAS Dock is an expansion board which can be used to connect an external hard disk to a NanoPi NEO2.It uses JSM568 USB3.0 to SATA IC and communicates with a NanoPi NEO2 via USB interface. It works with a 2.5" SATA hard disk.It uses TI's DC-DC chipset to convert a 12V input to 5V. It has a power switch for users to turn on/off the device.It supports an onboard RTC battery. FriendlyElec migrated mainline Linux-4.11 kernel and Debian-Jessie with OpenMediaVault. Together with FriendlyElec's customized aluminum case you can quickly assemble a storage server. Here is a hardware setup :1-bay_NAS_Dock

8.2 Connect Python Programmable NanoHat OLED to NEO2

The NanoHat OLED module is a small and cute monochrome OLED module with low power consumption. It has three user buttons. We provide its driver's source code and a user friendly shell interface on which you can check system information and status.A customized aluminum case is made for it. You cannot miss this lovely utility! Here is a hardware setup:NanoHat OLED

8.3 Connect Python Programmable NanoHat Motor to NEO2

The NanoHat Motor module can drive four 5V PWM steering motors and four 12V DC motors or four 5V PWM steering motors and two 12V four-wire step motors.Here is a hardware setup: NanoHat Motor

8.4 Connect NanoHat PCM5102A to NEO2

The NanoHat PCM5102A module uses TI's DAC audio chip PCM5102A, a convenient and easy-to-use audio module for hobbyists. Here is a hardware setup:NanoHat PCM5102A

8.5 Connect Arduino Compatible UNO Dock to NEO2

The UNO Dock module is an Arduino board compatible with Arduino UNO and works with Arduino programs.You can use Arduino IDE to run all Arduino programs on the Dock.It also exposes the NanoPi NEO2's pins.It converts 12V power input to 5V/2A output.You can search for various code samples from Ubuntu's ecosystem and run on the Dock. These features make it a powerful platform for IOT projects and cloud related applications. Here is a hardware setup:UNO Dock for NanoPi NEO v1.0

8.6 Connect Power Dock to NEO2

The Power Dock for NanoPi NEO2 is a high efficiency power conversion module. It provides stable and reliable power source. Here is a hardware setup:Power Dock for NanoPi NEO

8.7 Connect NanoHat Proto to NEO2

The NanoHat Proto is an expansion board which exposes NEO2's various pins.It has an onboard EEPROM for data storage.Here is a hardware setup:NanoHat Proto

9 3D Printing Files

frameless

downloadfile

10 Resources

10.1 Datasheet & Schematics

• Schematics
  • NanoPi-NEO2-1701-Schematic.pdf
• Dimensional Diagram
  • NanoPi-NEO2-1701 pcb in dxf format
• H5 Datesheet Allwinner_H5_Datasheet_V1.0.pdf

11 Update Log

11.1 March-14-2017

• Released English Version

11.2 April-5-2017

• Added sections 5.2 and 5.8

11.3 May-7-2017

• Added sections 7: mainline support for H5
• Added sections 8: support for external modules

11.4 May-17-2017

• Added sections 5.9: WiringNP support for H5

11.5 May-24-2017

• Added section 3: Software Features

11.6 June-4-2017

• Updated section 5.3.1
• Updated section 3: added more OS features

11.7 June-8-2017

• Updated section 3.2: added support for RPi.GPIO_NP
• Added section 6.10: added support for RPi.GPIO_NP