Difference between revisions of "Smart6818"

Latest revision as of 08:15, 3 July 2024

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1 Introduction

Front

Overview

• The Smart6818 CPU board is a Octa-Core Cortex-A53 CPU board designed and developed by FriendlyELEC for industrial applications. As a successor of the Smart210 CPU board it uses the Samsung Octa-Core Cortex-A53 S5P6818 SoC with dynamic frequency scaling up to 1.4GHz. The standard Smart6818 CPU board has 1GB DDR3 RAM and 8GB eMMC. It support software power-off, and RTC alarm power-on functions. In addition its Gbps Ethernet and audio jack make it suitable for various industrial applications.
• The Smart6818 CPU board has 2.0mm pitch double row pin headers(P1, P2 and P4) containing 174 pins in total. These pins contain most popular interface pins. By default we have P1 and P2 soldered on the board and leave P4 for users' applications. It works with various FriendlyELEC LCDs e.g. 3.5"LCD, 4.3"LCD, 5"LCD, 7"LCD and 10.1"LCD.
• In addition we have a Smart4418/6818SDK carrier board which enables the Smart6818 CPU board's Gbps Ethernet.In addition, Smart6818 is pin to pin compatible to the Smart4418 CPU board.
• For more details about the Smart4418/6818 SDK carrier board V1606 refer to Smart4418/6818SDK 1606.

2 Features

• SoC: Samsung S5P6818 Octa-Core Cortex-A53, 400M Hz - 1.4G Hz
• PMU Power Management: Implemented by an MCU, support software power-off, and RTC alarm power-on functions
• DDR3 RAM: 1GB 32bit DDR3 RAM
• Ethernet: Gbps Ethernet(RTL8211E) with unique MAC
• eMMC: 8GB
• Audio: 1 x audio codec chip, 1 x onboard Microphone and 1 x audio jack
• LED: 1 x Power LED, 2 x GPIO LED
• PCB Dimension: 74 x 55 mm, 8-Layer
• Power: DC 5V, up to 2A
• Temperature measuring range: -40℃ to 80℃
• OS/Software: u-boot, Android 7.0, Debian8, ubuntu-core
• 3 x 2.0mm pitch double row pin header, 174 pins in total:
  • USB 2.0 - Host x1, OTG x1
  • Video output/Display - RGB Parallel I/F (24-bit), LVDS and HDMI 1.4a
  • Video input - DVP Camera interface, ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit and MIPI-CSI
  • Audio input - Microphone
  • Audio output - Audio jack (with headset detection) and HDMI audio
  • Ethernet - 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet x 1
  • ADC - CPU internal ADC, 7 channels, 12-bit, range: 0 ~ 1.8V
  • External interface - SDIO/MMC x2, SPI x2, I2C x3, UART x5, PWM x3, GPIOs x24
  • Others - Power key input, RESET input, RESET output, RTC battery input

3 Pin Spec

P1				P2
Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	VDD_5V	2	DGND	1	UART0_TX	2	UART0_RX
3	RTC_BATT	4	GPIOB8	3	UART1_TX	4	UART1_RX
5	NRESETIN	6	GPIOC17	5	UART2_TX	6	UART2_RX
7	MMC0_CMD	8	MMC1_CMD	7	UART3_TX	8	UART3_RX
9	MMC0_CLK	10	MMC1_CLK	9	UART1_nCTS	10	UART1_nRTS
11	MMC0_D0	12	MMC1_D0	11	CAM0_D0	12	CAM0_D1
13	MMC0_D1	14	MMC1_D1	13	CAM0_D2	14	CAM0_D3
15	MMC0_D2	16	MMC1_D2	15	CAM0_D4	16	CAM0_D5
17	MMC0_D3	18	MMC1_D3	17	CAM0_D6	18	CAM0_D7
19	MMC0_CD	20	GPIOB24	19	CAM0_PCLK	20	CAM0_VSYNC
21	PWRKEY	22	SPI1_CS/GPIOC10	21	CAM0_HYNC	22	GPIOB14
23	GPIOB28/UART4_RX	24	SPI1_MISO/GPIOC11	23	GPIOB16	24	HDMI_TX1P
25	GPIOB29/UART4_TX	26	SPI1_MOSI/GPIOC12	25	HDMI_TX0P	26	HDMI_TX1N
27	GPIOB30	28	SPI1_CLK/GPIOC9	27	HDMI_TX0N	28	HDMI_TXCP
29	GPIOC15	30	GPIOC16	29	HDMI_TX2P	30	HDMI_TXCN
31	GPIOB31	32	GPIOB18	31	HDMI_TX2N	32	HDMI_HPD
33	GPIOD1/PWM0	34	I2C0_SCL	33	I2C1_SDA	34	I2C1_SCL
35	GPIOC13/PWM1	36	I2C0_SDA	35	USB_OTG_ID	36	SPI0_CS
37	USB_HOST_D-	38	I2C2_SCL	37	USB_OTG_D-	38	SPI0_MISO
39	USB_HOST_D+	40	I2C2_SDA	39	USB_OTG_D+	40	SPI0_MOSI
41	LCD_B0	42	LCD_B1	41	VBUS_5V	42	SPI0_CL
43	LCD_B2	44	LCD_B3	43	LVDS_CLKP	44	GPIOB25
45	LCD_B4	46	LCD_B5	45	LVDS_CLKM	46	DGND
47	LCD_B6	48	LCD_B7	47	LVDS_Y0P	48	LAN_MDI1_N
49	LCD_G0	50	LCD_G1	49	LVDS_Y0M	50	LAN_MDI1_P
51	LCD_G2	52	LCD_G3	51	LVDS_Y1P	52	LAN_MDI0_N
53	LCD_G4	54	LCD_G5	53	LVDS_Y1M	54	LAN_MDI0_P
55	LCD_G6	56	LCD_G7	55	LVDS_Y2P	56	LINK_LED
57	LCD_R0	58	LCD_R1	57	LVDS_Y2M	58	SPEED_LED
59	LCD_R2	60	LCD_R3	59	LVDS_Y3P	60	AUDIO_GND
61	LCD_R4	62	LCD_R5	61	LVDS_Y3M	62	HP_DETECT
63	LCD_R6	64	LCD_R7	63	HP-R	64	HP-L
65	LCD_VSYNC	66	LCD_HSYNC	65	LAN_MDI2_P	66	LAN_MDI3_P
67	LCD_CLK	68	LCD_DE	67	LAN_MDI2_N	68	LAN_MDI3_N
69	DGND	70	BOOT_CS	69	Mic-P	70	Mic-N

P4
Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	MIPICSI_DP0	2	GPIOD8/PPM
3	MIPICSI_DN0	4	GPIOC7
5	MIPICSI_DP1	6	GPIOC8
7	MIPICSI_DN1	8	GPIOC24
9	MIPICSI_DP2	10	GPIOC28
11	MIPICSI_DN2	12	GPIOC0
13	MIPICSI_DP3	14	GPIOC1
15	MIPICSI_DN3	16	GPIOC2
17	MIPICSI_DPCLK	18	GPIOC3
19	MIPICSI_DNCLK	20	DGND
21	GPIOB9	22	ADC1
23	GPIOB26	24	ADC3
25	GPIOC4	26	ADC4
27	AliveGPIO3	28	ADC5
29	PWREN_SYS	30	ADC6
31	GPIOC14/PWM2	32	ADC7
33	NRESETOUT	34	DGND

Note:

1. RTC backup current is 3.35uA.
2. VDD_5V: Supply voltage, range:4.7 ~ 5.6V. We recommend a 5V/2A(MAX) power. You can lower the clock to decrease the power consumption. When the clock is lowered by 200MHz the power consumption roughly decreases 0.5W .
3. BOOT_CS: Boot chip selection. When it is not connected or pulled up the board boots from eMMC otherwise it boots from SD card
4. NRESETIN: Reset input. Activated when it is low. A reset signal is input to CPU from this pin
5. NRESETOUT: Reset output. Activated when it is low. CPU's reset signal outputs to this pin.
6. RTC_BATT: RTC's input, direct connection to a 3V power source. If the CPU board is powered on the RTC seat is powered by 3.3V external power otherwise when the CPU board is not powered on it is powered by the RTC battery.
7. ADC1~7: CPU internal ADC, 12-bit, 7 channels 1~7, range:0 ~ 1.8V
8. 10/100M Ethernet mode: LAN_MDI1_N/P=RX-/+, LAN_MDI0_N/P=TX-/+, four pins connected to RJ45
9. 10/100/1000M Ethernet mode: LAN_MDI0_N/P~LAN_MDI3N/P, all eight pins connected to RJ45
10. MMC0 and MMC1 must be pulled up on the carrier board, even if peripherals are not connected
11. For more details refer to our carrier board's design:Smart210/4418 SDK
    • For more details about the Smart4418 SDK carrier board V1606 refer to Smart4418/6818SDK 1606.
12. Schematic(Smart4418-1711-Schematic.pdf)

4 Board Dimension

For more details refer to the dxf file:Smart6818-1711-Drawing(dxf).zip

5 Notes in Hardware Design

5.1 EEPROM

• The Smart6818 CPU board has an EEPROM(model: 24AA025E48T-I/OT) with a unique MAC. This EEPROM is connected to I2C0 and its address is 0x51 therefore some EEPROM chips cannot be connected to I2C0 which will cause conflicts of addresses.
• In our tests these EEPROM chips cannot be connected to I2C0: 24C04, 24C08 and 24C16. There chips which we tested can be connected to I2C0: 24C01, 24C02 and 24C256
• For more details about EEPROM address issues refer to http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/CAT24C01-D.PDF

6 Carrier Board

Smart4418/6818SDK

7 Get Started

7.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your Smart6818 get the following items ready

• Smart6818 CPU board and Smart4418/6818 SDK carrier board
• Standard SD card: Class10 or above 8GB SDHC card
• A DC 12V/2A power is a must
• HDMI monitor or LCD
• USB keyboard and mouse
• A host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

7.2 Boot from SD Card

Get the following files from here download link:

• Get a 8G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary.
  

• Uncompress these files. Insert an SD card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
  
• Insert this card into your board's boot slot, press and hold the boot key (only applies to a board with onboard eMMC) and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the PWR LED is on and LED1 is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
  

7.3 Flash image to eMMC with eflasher

• Download eflasher image file
  

An image file's name is as : s5p6818-eflasher-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img.zip
The "OSNAME" is the name of an OS e.g. android, friendlycore and etc;
This image file is used for making an installation SD card and it contains a Ubuntu core system and a utility EFlasher;
Download s5p6818-eflasher-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img.zip to a host PC and get a windows utility win32diskimager.rar as well;

• Make Installation SD Card with eflasher
  

Extract the package with a 7z utility and you will get a file with an extension ".img". Insert an SDHC card(minimum 8G or above) to a PC running Windows, run the Win32DiskImager utility as administrator, click on "Image File" to select your wanted file, select your SD card and click on "Write" to start flashing the Image to your SD card;
If your PC runs Linux you can command "dd" to extract the package and get an ".img" file and write it to your SD card;

• Operate in GUI Window: Flash OS to eMMC

Insert your SD card to Smart6818, connect an HDMI monitor or LCD to your board, press and hold the "boot" key beside the Ethernet port, power on the board you will see a pop-up window asking you to select an OS for installation. Select your wanted OS and start installation.

• Operate in Commandline Utility: Flash OS to eMMC

Insert an installation SD card to Smart6818, log into or SSH to your board and run the following command to start EFlasher:

sudo eflasher

7.3.1 Make Installation Card under Linux Desktop

• 1) Insert your SD card into a host computer running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card has been recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions"

• 2) Downlaod Linux script

• 3) Here is how to make a Lubuntu desktop SD card

sudo ./fusing.sh /dev/sdx lubuntu

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)
When you run the script for the first time it will prompt you to download an image you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds otherwise you will miss the download

• 4) Run this command to make a complete image file:

sudo ./mkimage.sh lubuntu

More content please refre: Assembling the SD card image yourself

7.4 Extend SD Card Section

• When Debian/Ubuntu is loaded the SD card's section will be automatically extended.
• When Android is loaded you need to run the following commands on your host PC to extend your SD card's section:

sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 4 100 resizepart 7 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx7

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

7.5 LCD/HDMI Resolution

When the system boots our uboot will check whether it is connected to an LCD or to an HDMI monitor. If it recognizes an LCD it will configure its resolution. Our uboot defaults to the HDMI 720P configuration.
If you want to modify the LCD resolution you can modify file "arch/arm/plat-s5p6818/nanopi3/lcds.c" in the kernel and recompile it.
If your Smart6818 is connected to an HDMI monitor and it runs Android it will automatically set the resolution to an appropriate HDMI mode by checking the "EDID". If your Smart6818 is connected to an HDMI monitor and it runs Debian by default it will set the resolution to the HDMI 720P configuration. If you want to modify the HDMI resolution to 1080P modify your kernel's configuration as explained above.

7.6 Update SD Card's boot parameters From PC Host

Insert your SD card into a host PC running Linux, if you want to change your kernel command line parameters you can do it via the fw_setevn utility.
Check the current Command Line:

For example, to disable android SELinux, You can change it this way:

./fw_setenv /dev/sdc bootargs XXX androidboot.selinux=permissive

The "XXX" stands for the original bootargs' value.

8 Work with FriendlyCore

8.1 Introduction

FriendlyCore is a light Linux system without X-windows, based on ubuntu core, It uses the Qt-Embedded's GUI and is popular in industrial and enterprise applications.

Besides the regular Ubuntu core's features our FriendlyCore has the following additional features:

• it supports our LCDs with both capacitive touch and resistive touch(S700, X710, HD702, S430, HD101 and S70)
• it supports WiFi
• it supports Ethernet
• it supports Bluetooth and has been installed with bluez utilities
• it supports audio playing
• it supports Qt 5.10.0 EGLES and OpenGL ES1.1/2.0 (Only for S5P4418/S5P6818)

8.2 System Login

• If your board is connected to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and keyboard.
• If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will

For example, NanoPi-M1：

You can use a USB to Serial conversion board too.
Make sure you use a 5V/2A power to power your board from its MicroUSB port:
For example, NanoPi-NEO2：

• FriendlyCore User Accounts:

Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

• Update packages

$ sudo apt-get update

8.3 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility.

$ sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:

8.4 Develop Qt Application

Please refer to: How to Build and Install Qt Application for FriendlyELEC Boards

8.5 Setup Program to AutoRun

You can setup a program to autorun on system boot with npi-config:

sudo npi-config

Go to Boot Options -> Autologin -> Qt/Embedded, select Enable and reboot.

8.6 Extend TF Card's Section

When FriendlyCore is loaded the TF card's section will be automatically extended.You can check the section's size by running the following command:

$ df -h

8.7 Transfer files using Bluetooth

Take the example of transferring files to the mobile phone. First, set your mobile phone Bluetooth to detectable status, then execute the following command to start Bluetooth search.：

hcitool scan

Search results look like：

Scanning ...
    2C:8A:72:1D:46:02   HTC6525LVW

This means that a mobile phone named HTC6525LVW is searched. We write down the MAC address in front of the phone name, and then use the sdptool command to view the Bluetooth service supported by the phone：

sdptool browser 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02

Note: Please replace the MAC address in the above command with the actual Bluetooth MAC address of the mobile phone.
This command will detail the protocols supported by Bluetooth for mobile phones. What we need to care about is a file transfer service called OBEX Object Push. Take the HTC6525LVW mobile phone as an example. The results are as follows：

Service Name: OBEX Object Push
Service RecHandle: 0x1000b
Service Class ID List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 12
  "OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
    Version: 0x0100

As can be seen from the above information, the channel used by the OBEX Object Push service of this mobile phone is 12, we need to pass it to the obexftp command, and finally the command to initiate the file transfer request is as follows：

obexftp --nopath --noconn --uuid none --bluetooth -b 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02 -B 12 -put example.jpg

Note: Please replace the MAC address, channel and file name in the above command with the actual one.

After executing the above commands, please pay attention to the screen of the mobile phone. The mobile phone will pop up a prompt for pairing and receiving files. After confirming, the file transfer will start.

Bluetooth FAQ：
1) Bluetooth device not found on the development board, try to open Bluetooth with the following command：

rfkill unblock 0

2) Prompt can not find the relevant command, you can try to install related software with the following command：

apt-get install bluetooth bluez obexftp openobex-apps python-gobject ussp-push

8.8 WiFi

For either an SD WiFi or a USB WiFi you can connect it to your board in the same way. The APXX series WiFi chips are SD WiFi chips. By default FriendlyElec's system supports most popular USB WiFi modules. Here is a list of the USB WiFi modules we tested:

Index	Model
1	RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2	RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3	RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4	RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5	mi WiFi mt7601
6	5G USB WiFi RTL8821CU
7	5G USB WiFi RTL8812AU

You can use the NetworkManager utility to manage network. You can run "nmcli" in the commandline utility to start it. Here are the commands to start a WiFi connection:

• Change to root

$ su root

• Check device list

$ nmcli dev

Note: if the status of a device is "unmanaged" it means that device cannot be accessed by NetworkManager. To make it accessed you need to clear the settings under "/etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your system.

• Start WiFi

$ nmcli r wifi on

• Scan Surrounding WiFi Sources

$ nmcli dev wifi

• Connect to a WiFi Source

$ nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD" ifname wlan0

The "SSID" and "PASSWORD" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.If you have multiple WiFi devices you need to specify the one you want to connect to a WiFi source with iface
If a connection succeeds it will be automatically setup on next system reboot.

For more details about NetworkManager refer to this link: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

If your USB WiFi module doesn't work most likely your system doesn't have its driver. For a Debian system you can get a driver from Debian-WiFi and install it on your system. For a Ubuntu system you can install a driver by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install linux-firmware

In general all WiFi drivers are located at the "/lib/firmware" directory.

8.9 Ethernet Connection

If a board is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP with DHCP activated after it is powered up. If you want to set up a static IP refer to: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings。

8.10 Custom welcome message

The welcome message is printed from the script in this directory：

/etc/update-motd.d/

For example, to change the FriendlyELEC LOGO, you can change the file /etc/update-motd.d/10-header. For example, to change the LOGO to HELLO, you can change the following line：

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal $BOARD_VENDOR

To:

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal HELLO

8.11 Modify timezone

For exampe, change to Shanghai timezone:

sudo rm /etc/localtime
sudo ln -ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

8.12 Select the system default audio device

You can set the system default audio device by following the steps below.
Use the following command to view all the sound card devices in the system (Note: different development boards will have different results):

pi@NanoPi:~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: nanopi2audio [nanopi2-audio], device 0: c0055000.i2s-ES8316 HiFi ES8316 HiFi-0 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: nanopi2audio [nanopi2-audio], device 1: c0059000.spdiftx-dit-hifi dit-hifi-1 []
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

As you can see, the following sound card devices are available on the hardware:

Sound card device	Sound card number	Description
nanopi2audio	device 0	3.5mm jack interface
nanopi2audio	device 1	HDMI

To configure the audio output to the 3.5mm jack, create or modify the configuration file /etc/asound.conf and modify it to the following:

pcm.!default {
    type hw
    card 0
    device 0
}
 
ctl.!default {
    type hw
    card 0
}

To configure to output audio to HDMI, change the device 0 above to device 1.

8.13 Run Qt 5.10.0 Demo with GPU acceleration

Run the following command

$ sudo qt5demo

8.14 Run Qt 5.10.0 Demo with OpenGL

Run the following command

. setqt5env
cd $QTDIR
cd /examples/opengl/qopenglwidget
./qopenglwidget

For more Qt 5.10.0 examples, please go to:
cd $QTDIR/examples/

8.15 Play HD Video with Hardware-decoding

gst-player is console player, it base on GStreamer, support VPU with Hardware-decoding:

sudo gst-player /home/pi/demo.mp4

The equivalent gsteamer command is as follows：

sudo gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=/home/pi/demo.mp4 ! qtdemux name=demux demux. ! queue ! faad ! audioconvert ! audioresample ! alsasink device="hw:0,DEV=1" demux. ! queue ! h264parse ! nxvideodec ! nxvideosink dst-x=0 dst-y=93 dst-w=1280 dst-h=533

8.16 Connect to DVP Camera CAM500B

The CAM500B camera module is a 5M-pixel camera with DVP interface. For more tech details about it you can refer to Matrix - CAM500B.
Enter the following command to preview the video：

gst-launch-1.0 -e v4l2src device=/dev/video6 ! video/x-raw,format=I420,framerate=30/1,width=1280,height=720 ! nxvideosink

Enter the following command to start recording (VPU hardware encoding)：

gst-launch-1.0 -e v4l2src device=/dev/video6 ! video/x-raw,format=I420,framerate=30/1,width=1280,height=720 ! tee name=t t. \
 ! queue ! nxvideosink t. ! queue ! nxvideoenc bitrate=12000000 ! mp4mux ! \
 filesink location=result_720.mp4

8.17 Power Off and Schedule Power On

“PMU Power Management” feature helps us to auto power on the board at a specific time, it is implemented by an MCU, support software power-off, and RTC alarm power-up functions.

Here’s a simple guide:
Turn on automatically after 100 seconds. (Time must be greater than 60 seconds.):

$ sudo echo 100 > /sys/class/i2c-dev/i2c-3/device/3-002d/wakealarm

After setting up the automatic boot, turn off board with the 'poweroff’ command:

$ sudo poweroff

Cancel automatic boot:

$ sudo echo 0 > /sys/class/i2c-dev/i2c-3/device/3-002d/wakealarm

Query the current settings, in the front is current time, followed by the time of automatic booting: If no automatic boot is set, it will display "disabled”.

$ sudo cat /sys/class/i2c-dev/i2c-3/device/3-002d/wakealarm

Note that some older versions of hardware may not support this feature, if you don't see this file node in your system:
/sys/class/i2c-dev/i2c-3/device/3-002d/wakealarm
your board may be it does not support this feature.

8.18 Installing and Using OpenCV 4.1.2

OpenCV has been pre-installed in FriendlyCore (Version after 20191126) and does not require manual installation.
Please refre this link: https://github.com/friendlyarm/install-opencv-on-friendlycore/blob/s5pxx18/README.md
Quick test：

. /usr/bin/cv-env.sh
. /usr/bin/setqt5env-eglfs
cd /usr/local/share/opencv4/samples/python
python3 turing.py

8.19 Installing and Using Caffe

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/install-caffe-on-friendlycore
cd install-caffe-on-friendlycore
sudo ./install-caffe.sh

8.20 How to install and use docker (for aarch64 system)

8.20.1 How to Install Docker

Run the following commands：

wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/xenial/pool/stable/arm64/containerd.io_1.2.6-3_arm64.deb
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/xenial/pool/stable/arm64/docker-ce-cli_19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial_arm64.deb
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/xenial/pool/stable/arm64/docker-ce_19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial_arm64.deb
sudo dpkg -i containerd.io_1.2.6-3_arm64.deb
sudo dpkg -i docker-ce-cli_19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial_arm64.deb
sudo dpkg -i docker-ce_19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-xenial_arm64.deb

8.20.2 Test Docker installation

Test that your installation works by running the simple docker image:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/debian-jessie-arm-docker
cd debian-jessie-arm-docker
./rebuild-image.sh
./run.sh

9 Make Your Own OS Image

9.1 Install Cross Compiler

9.1.1 Install aarch64-linux-gcc 6.4

Download the compiler package:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git -b master --depth 1
cd prebuilts/gcc-x64
cat toolchain-4.9.3-armhf.tar.gz* | sudo tar xz -C /

Then add the compiler's directory to "PATH" by appending the following lines in "~/.bashrc":

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Execute "~/.bashrc" to make the changes take effect. Note that there is a space after the first ".":

. ~/.bashrc

This compiler is a 64-bit one therefore it cannot be run on a 32-bit Linux machine. After the compiler is installed you can verify it by running the following commands:

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

9.2 Compile Linux kernel for FriendlyCore/Lubuntu/EFlasher

9.2.1 Compile Kernel

• Download Kernel Source Code

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux.git -b nanopi2-v4.4.y --depth 1
cd linux

The kernel source for S5P6818 is in the "nanopi2-v4.4.y" branch. Before you start compiling it you need to switch to this branch.

• Compile Ubuntu Kernel

touch .scmversion
make ARCH=arm64 nanopi3_linux_defconfig
make ARCH=arm64

After your compilation succeeds an "arch/arm/boot/Image" will be generated and a DTB file(s5p6818-nanopi3-rev*.dtb) will be generated in the "arch/arm/boot/dts/nexell" directory. You can use them to replace the existing Image and DTB files in the boot partition of your bootable SD card.

9.2.2 Use Your Generated Kernel

• Update kernel in SD card

If you use an SD card to boot Ubuntu you can copy your generated Image and DTB files to your SD card's boot partition(e.g. partition 1 /dev/sdX1).

• Update kernel in eMMC

If you boot your board from eMMC you can update your kernel file by following the steps below:
1) Usually after OS is loaded eMMC's boot partition (in our example eMMC's device name was /dev/mmcblk0p1) will be automatically mounted and you can verify that by running "mount"
2) Connect your board to a host PC running Ubuntu and copy the Image and DTB files to eMMC's boot partition
3) Or you can copy your generated kernel file to an external storage card(e.g. an SD card or a USB drive), connect the storage card to your board the move the file from the card to eMMC's boot partition
4) After update is done type "reboot" to reboot your board. Note: don't just directly disconnect your board from its power source or press the reset button to reboot the board. These actions will damage your kernel file

• Generate Your boot.img

Refer to this repo: https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_s5p6818

9.3 Compile Linux kernel for Android7

The Android 7.1.2 source code already contains the pre-compiled kernel. If you need to customize it, you can compile the kernel according to the following guide.

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux.git -b nanopi2-v4.4.y --depth 1
cd linux
touch .scmversion
make ARCH=arm64 nanopi3_nougat_defconfig
make ARCH=arm64

The newly generated kernel is arch/arm64/boot/Image，The new DTB file is also included under the directory arch/arm64/boot/dts/nexell/.(s5p6818-nanopi3-rev*.dtb).
If you only want to debug the kernel, you can quickly update it with adb:

adb root; adb shell mkdir /storage/sdcard1/; adb shell mount -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /storage/sdcard1/;
adb push arch/arm64/boot/Image arch/arm64/boot/dts/nexell/s5p6818-nanopi3-rev*.dtb /storage/sdcard1/

If you want to generate boot.img for burning, you can copy the kernel Image and DTB files to the Android7 source code directory: device/friendlyelec/nanopi3/boot, then recompile Android7.

9.4 Compile U-Boot for Android7/FriendlyCore/Lubuntu/EFlasher

Download the U-Boot v2016.01 source code and compile it. Note that the github's branch is nanopi2-v2016.01:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/u-boot.git 
cd u-boot
git checkout nanopi2-v2016.01
make s5p6818_nanopi3_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-

After your compilation succeeds a fip-nonsecure.img will be generated. If you want to test it flash it to your installation SD card to replace an existing U-Boot v2016.01 file via fastboot, sd-fuse_s5p6818 or eflasher ROM.
For Android7: You can copy fip-nonsecure.img to the Android7 source directory device/friendlyelec/nanopi3/boot and recompile Android7.
Note: you cannot use mixed U-Boot files. For example you cannot use fastboot to update an existing U-Boot V2014.07 and you cannot use bootloader.img to replace an existing u-boot.bin.

9.5 Compile Android 7.1.2

9.5.1 Install Cross Compiler

Install 64 bit Ubuntu 16.04 on your host PC.

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex curl libncurses5-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils device-tree-compiler liblz4-tool

For more details refer to https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

9.5.2 Download Android7 Source Code

There are two ways to download the source code:

• repo archive file on netdisk

Netdisk URL: Click here
File location on netdisk：sources/s5pxx18-android-7.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz (YYYYMMDD means the date of packaging)
After extracting the repo package from the network disk, you need to execute the sync.sh script, which will pull the latest code from gitlab:

tar xvzf /path/to/netdisk/sources/s5pxx18-android-7.git-YYYYMMDD.tgz
cd s5pxx18-android-7
./sync.sh

• git clone from gitlab

Smart6818 source code is maintained in gitlab, You can download it by running the following command:

git clone https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/s5pxx18-android-7.git -b master

9.5.3 Compile Android7

cd s5pxx18-android-7
source build/envsetup.sh
lunch aosp_nanopi3-userdebug
make -j8

After your compilation succeeds the following files will be generated in the "out/target/product/nanopi3/" directory.

filename	partition	Description
bl1-mmcboot.bin	raw	boot firmware
fip-loader.img	raw	boot firmware
fip-secure.img	raw	boot firmware
fip-nonsecure.img	raw	uboot-v2016.01
env.conf	-	Uboot environment variable containing Android kernel command line parameters
boot.img	boot	kernel Image, DTBs; logo; Android ramdisk
cache.img	cache	-
userdata.img	userdata	-
system.img	system	-
partmap.txt	-	Partition description file

10 Build Kernel Headers Package

The following commands need to be executed on the development board:

10.1 Software Version

The OS image file name: s5p6818-sd-friendlycore-xenial-4.4-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img, s5p6818-eflasher-friendlycore-xenial-4.4-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img

pi@NanoPC-T3:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
Release:        16.04
Codename:       xenial
pi@NanoPC-T3:~$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.4.172-s5p6818 (root@jensen) (gcc version 6.4.0 (ctng-1.23.0-150g-FA) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Thu Jan 21 18:51:13 CST 2021

10.2 Install the required packages

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y dpkg-dev bsdtar

10.3 Build Kernel Headers Package

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux -b nanopi2-v4.4.y --depth 1 kernel-s5pxx18-arm64
cd kernel-s5pxx18-arm64
rm -rf .git
make distclean
touch .scmversion
sed -i '/^CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE/d' ./arch/arm64/configs/nanopi3_linux_defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE= ARCH=arm64 nanopi3_linux_defconfig
alias tar=bsdtar
make CROSS_COMPILE= ARCH=arm64 bindeb-pkg -j4

The following message is displayed to indicate completion:

dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-firmware-image-4.4.172-s5p6818' in '../linux-firmware-image-4.4.172-s5p6818_4.4.172-s5p6818-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-headers-4.4.172-s5p6818' in '../linux-headers-4.4.172-s5p6818_4.4.172-s5p6818-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-libc-dev' in '../linux-libc-dev_4.4.172-s5p6818-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-image-4.4.172-s5p6818' in '../linux-image-4.4.172-s5p6818_4.4.172-s5p6818-1_arm64.deb'.
dpkg-genchanges: binary-only upload (no source code included)

10.4 Installation

sudo rm -f /lib/modules/4.4.172-s5p6818/build
sudo rm -f /lib/modules/4.4.172-s5p6818/source
sudo dpkg -i ../linux-headers-4.4.172-s5p6818_4.4.172-s5p6818-1_arm64.deb

10.5 Testing

To compile the pf_ring module as an example, refer to the documentation: https://www.ntop.org/guides/pf_ring/get_started/git_installation.html.

git clone https://github.com/ntop/PF_RING.git
cd PF_RING/kernel/
make CROSS_COMPILE=

After compiling, use insmod to try to load the module:

sudo insmod ./pf_ring.ko

11 Connect Smart6818 to External Modules

11.1 Connect Smart6818 to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

• In this use case the Smart6818 runs Debian. If you connect your Smart6818 to our LCD or an HDMI monitor after Debain is fully loaded click on "other"-->"xawtv" on the left bottom of the GUI and the USB Camera application will be started. After enter "welcome to xawtv！" click on "OK" to start exploring.

11.2 Connect Smart6818 to CMOS 5M-Pixel Camera

For more details about the CAM500A camera refer to [1]

• If your Smart6818 runs Android5.1 and it is connected to our LCD or an HDMI monitor after Android is fully loaded click on the "Camera" icon and the application will be started. You can take pictures or record videos

• Under Debian a camera utility "nanocams" is available for previewing 40 frames and picture taking. You can try it by following the commands below

sudo nanocams -p 1 -n 40 -c 4 -o IMG001.jpg

For more details about the usage of the nanocams run "nanocams -h". You can get its source code from our git hub:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/nexell_linux_platform.git

• Under FriendlyCore (kernel 4.4), You can try it by following the commands below:

Enter the following command to preview the video：

gst-launch-1.0 -e v4l2src device=/dev/video6 ! video/x-raw,format=I420,framerate=30/1,width=1280,height=720 ! nxvideosink

Enter the following command to start recording (VPU hardware encoding)：

gst-launch-1.0 -e v4l2src device=/dev/video6 ! video/x-raw,format=I420,framerate=30/1,width=1280,height=720 ! tee name=t t. \
 ! queue ! nxvideosink t. ! queue ! nxvideoenc bitrate=12000000 ! mp4mux ! \
 filesink location=result_720.mp4

11.3 Use OpenCV to Access USB Camera

• The full name of "OpenCV" is Open Source Computer Vision Library and it is a cross platform vision library.
• When the Smart6818 runs Debian users can use OpenCV APIs to access a USB Camera device.
  

1. Here is a guideline on how to use OpenCV with C++ on the Smart6818:

• Firstly you need to make sure your Smart6818 is connected to the internet.Login to your Smart6818 via a serial terminal or SSH. After login type in your username(root) and password(fa):
• Run the following commands:

apt-get update
apt-get install libcv-dev libopencv-dev

2. Make sure your USB camera works with the Smart6818. You can test your camera with Smart6818's camera utility.

3. Check your camera device:

ls /dev/video*

• Note:in our test case video0 was the device name.

4. OpenCV's code sample(official code in C++) is under /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo. Compile the code sample with the following commands:

cd /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo
make

After it is compiled successfully a "demo" executable will be generated

5. Connect Smart6818 to USB Keyboard & Run the Following Command:

./demo

opencv is successfully started

11.4 Connect Smart6818 to Matrix GPS Module

• The Matrix-GPS module is a small GPS module with high performance. It can be used in navigation devices, four-axle drones and etc.
• The Matrix-GPS module uses serial communication. When the Smart6818 is connected to the Matrix GPS module, after the Smart6818 is powered up type in the following command in a terminal or click on the xgps icon it will be started.

$su - fa -c "DISPLAY=:0 xgps 127.0.0.1:9999"

• Or on the Debian GUI start the LXTerminal, type in "xgps" and enter it will be started too.

For more details about this GPS module refer to Click to check
Refer to the following diagram to connect the Smart6818 to the Matrix-GPS:

Connection Details:

12 Access Hardware under Android

FriendlyElec developed a library called “libfriendlyarm-things.so”, for android developer to access the hardware resources on the development board in their android apps, the library is based on Android NDK.
Accessible Modules:

• Serial Port
• PWM
• EEPROM
• ADC
• LED
• LCD 1602 (I2C)
• OLED (SPI)

Interfaces & Ports:

• GPIO
• Serial Port
• I2C
• SPI

Refer to the following url for details：

• Homepage: http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/index.php/FriendlyThings
• Examples: https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples
• Guide to API: http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/index.php/FriendlyThings_APIs

13 Connect Smart6818 to FriendlyARM LCD Modules

• Android

Here are the LCDs that are supported under Android:S430, S700/S701, S702, HD700, HD702, HD101 and X710 all of which are LCDs with capacitive touch.

• FriendlyCore & Lubuntu Desktop

Here are the LCDs that are supported under FriendlyCore and Lubuntu Desktop:S430, S700/S701, S702, HD700, HD702, HD101 and X710 all of which are LCDs with capacitive touch;
W35B, H43, P43, S70D and Matrix 2.8" SPI Key TFT LCD all of which are LCDs with resistive touch
All these LCD's tech details can be obtained on our wiki site:LCDModules

14 Schematics & Mechanical drawing

• Schematic(Smart4418-1711-Schematic.pdf)
• PCB Dimension(Smart4418_6818-1711_drawing(dxf).zip)
• Datasheet（SEC_S5P6818X_Users_Manual_preliminary_Ver_0.00.pdf）

15 Source Code and Image Files Download Links

• Image File: [2]
• Source Code: [3]

16 Tech Support

If you have any further questions please visit our forum http://www.friendlyarm.com/Forum/ and post a message or email us at techsupport@friendlyarm.com. We will endeavor to get back to you as soon as possible.

17 Update Log

17.1 2023-01-09

17.1.1 FriendlyCore：

• optimized the systemd service

17.2 2020-10-26

• FriendlyCore, Lubuntu：

Fix Bluetooth stability issue

17.3 2019-12-27

• FriendlyWrt：

Upgrade to OpenWrt r19-snapshot 64bit, support Docker CE

• eflasher：

1) Supports flashing only some files, such as updating only the kernel and uboot in emmc
2) Added gui option to disable overlay filesystem
3) Add command line parameters to achieve one-click installation without interaction
4) Fix the issue that the same mac address will appear on different devices after backup and restore image
5) UI interface can now be configured with title, hide interface menus and buttons

17.4 2019-11-26

• FriendlyCore:

Pre-installed OpenCV 4.1.2

17.5 2019-11-14

• Introducing a new system FriendlyWrt:

FriendlyWrt is a customized OpenWrt system developed by FriendlyElec. It is open source and suitable for applications in IoT, NAS etc.
Please refre: http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/index.php/How_to_Build_FriendlyWrt

• FriendlyCore, Lubuntu updated as follows:

1) Added support for new 4.3-inch screen YZ43
2) Compile bcmdhd as a module.

• Android7 update is as follows:

1) Added support for new 4.3-inch screen YZ43
2) Optimize the touch experience when using HD900 screen under Android 7 system

17.6 2019-10-18

• Android7, FriendlyCore, Lubuntu：

Fixed audio playback issue.

17.7 2019-09-30

• Android7 updated as follows:

1）Added support for Android hardware access library (named FriendlyThing), support access to hardware resources such as GPIO, PWM, RTC, serial port and watchdog, providing open source demo
2) Added support for camera CAM500B (OV5640)
3) Added support for LCD W500 (800x480)
4) Fixed LCD-S430 compatibility issues

• FriendlyCore, FriendlyDesktop updated as follows:

1) Kernel version updated to v4.4.172, same as Android 7
2) Added Docker support, support 32bit and 64bit file systems
3) Kernel configuration items are optimized to enable more features and device drivers

17.8 2019-07-18

• Introducing a new system Android 7.1.2

1) Features similar to the old version of Android 5, support 4G, WiFi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, etc.
2) Kernel version: 4.4.172
3) Known issue: The camera is not working yet

• Android/FriendlyCore/Lubuntu updated as follows：

1) Fix an issue where HD101B can't be touched in some cases
2) Fix GPIO configuration of Power key
3) Solve the problem of too small volume: the volume of the DAC is changed from -20dB to -6dB during playback.
4) Add more models of USB Wi-Fi support, built-in driver rtl8821CU.ko, rtl88XXau.ko

• Updates for Lubuntu only：

1) Modify Lubuntu's Power key behavior to (without pop-ups) shut down directly
2) Add script xrotate.sh to simplify screen rotation settings (Note: screen rotation will lose performance)

• The following updates are only available for NanoPC T3/T3+, Smart6818:

Support for reading Ethernet Mac addresses from the onboard EEPROM, only supports the following systems: FriendlyCore, Lubuntu, Android7

17.9 2019-06-25

Linux(Ubuntu 16.04/18.04) uses OverlayFS to enhance filesystem stability.

17.10 2019-06-03

1) Configure LED1 to be in heartbeat mode
2) Fix HDMI 1080P may have no display problem in some cases
3) Fix the issue that mysql cannot be installed under Linux
4) Fix the issue that the 1-wire touch resistance screen cannot be used under lubuntu

17.11 2019-01-24

1) Update uboot-v2014.07, uboot-v2016.01 for HD702V LCD
2) Adjust Qt5 font path

17.12 2018-12-17

• Android5 updated as follows:

1) Add support for 4G network, support module: Quectel EC20
2) Add audio setting UI, you can set the default output to headphones or HDMI
3) Synchronously turn off the backlight of the one-line touch screen when the system Shutdown

• FriendlyCore updated as follows:

1) Add OV5640 camera support
2) Update BL1 to improve system startup stability

• Lubuntu updated as follows:

1) Add Chrome-browser browser, support web page 1080P hardware decoding, support WebGL
2) Set the audio output channel to HDMI by default (can be changed via /etc/asound.conf)
3) Update BL1 to improve system startup stability
4) Fixed some issues regarding the package error in the previous version
5) Adjust DPMS settings, turn off automatic sleep by default

17.13 April-28-2016

• Released English version

17.14 June-30-2016

• Added sections 5.2.4 and 8

17.15 Sep-27-2016

• Added section 9
• Updated sections 5.2.2 and 8.2

17.16 Nov-2-2016

• Updated sections 6.4 and 11

17.17 June-20-2017

• Updated sections 6.2 and 6.3: wireless connection and setting up WIFI AP
• Updated section 8.4.1: added compiling kernel for UbuntuCore
• Added section 3: software features
• Added section 7: UbuntuCore
• Added section 9.5: LCD support

17.18 March-28-2018

• Updated sections 6.10