NanoPi R2C Plus

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Contents

1 Introduction

Overview
Front
Back
Case
  • The NanoPi R2C Plus(as "R2C Plus") is an open source development board with dual-Gbps Ethernet ports designed and developed by FriendlyElec for IoT applications.
  • The NanoPi R2C Plus uses the RK3328 SoC. It has two Gbps Ethernet ports, 1G DDR4 RAM and 8G eMMC Flash. FriendlyElec ported an OpenWrt system for it. It works with Docker CE. It is a good platform for developing IoT applications, NAS applications etc.

2 Hardware Spec

  • CPU: Rockchip RK3328, Quad-core Cortex-A53
  • DDR4 RAM: 1GB
  • Flash: 8GB eMMC 5.1 Flash
  • Network：
    • Internal 10/100/1000M Ethernet Port x 1
    • USB3.0 converted 10/100/1000M Ethernet Port x 1
  • USB2.0 Host: Type-A x1
  • MicroSD Slot x 1
  • MicroUSB: power input and USB Slave
  • Debug Serial Port: 3.3V TTL, 3-pin 2.54mm pitch connector, 1500000 bauds
  • LED: LED x 3
  • KEY: KEY x 1 programmable
  • PC Size: 57.5 x 54.3mm
  • Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
  • Temperature measuring range: 0℃ to 80℃
  • OS/Software: U-boot，Ubuntu-Core，OpenWrt


  • Network Transmission Rates
TX RX
WAN 941 Mbps 941 Mbps
LAN 941 Mbps 941 Mbps
Notes： 1. test utility: iperf
2. use indepedent IP address section and test with a PC in simplex communication mode

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi R2C Plus Layout

  • 8 Pin 1.25mm Pitch GPIO管脚定义
Pin# Name Linux gpio
1 GND
2 GND
3 VDD_5V
4 VDD_5V
5 I2C0_SDA
6 I2C0_SCL
7 UART1_TX / GPIO3_A4 100
8 UART1_RX / GPIOG3_A6 102
For more details refer to:NanoPi_R2C_Plus_2109_SCH.PDF
Dimensional Diagram：NanoPi_R2C_Plus_2109_DXF.zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi R2C Plus get the following items ready

  • NanoPi R2C Plus
  • MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
  • 5V/2A and above USB Type-C interface power adapter
  • If you need to develop and compile,you need a computer that can connect to the Internet. It is recommended to install Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system and use the following script to initialize the development environment:


4.2 TF Cards We Tested

Refer to： TFCardsWeTested

4.3 Configure parameters for serial port

Use the following serial parameters:

Baud rate 1500000
Data bit 8
Parity check None
Stop bit 1
Flow control None

4.4 Install OS

4.4.1 Flash to TF

Visit download linkto download image files (in the "01_Official images/01_SD card images" directory) and utilities (in the "05_Tools" directory)：

Image Files
rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 5.15.y
rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt image file, built-in docker, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 5.15.y
rk3328-sd-friendlycore-lite-focal-5.15-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.zip 64-bit FriendlyCore Lite image file based on Ubuntu core 20.04 64bit, kernel version 5.15.y
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

The detailed steps are as follows:

  • Get an 8G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary;
  • Download and extract the xxx.img.gz and win32diskimager;
  • Run the win32diskimager utility under Windows as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card. Under Linux run "dd" to flash the rkXXXX-sd-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img file to your SD card;
  • Take out the SD and insert it to NanoPi-R2C-Plus's microSD card slot;
  • Power on NanoPi-R2C-Plus and it will be booted from your TF card;

4.4.2 Install OS to eMMC

4.4.2.1 Option 1: Install OS on Web Page

Get a TF card which has been installed with FriendlyWrt, log in FriendlyWrt on the web page, click on “System” ->”eMMC Tools”. Click on “Select file” to select your wanted image file, either an official image (the name might start with “rk3328-sd”) or a third party image. The file should be a “.gz” or “.img” file.
After a file is selected, click on “Upload and Write” to start installing an OS.
Friendlywrt-emmctools2-en.png
After installation is done, eject the SD card, the system will automatically reboot and load the OS from eMMC. After the OS begins to load, if the system LED is flashing and the network LED is on, it means the the OS has loaded successfully. If the OS is FriendlyWrt, you can click on “Go to Homepage” to enter the homepage.
Note that if you are burning the FriendlyElec firmware, you need to use an image file with the "-sd-" file name, similar to the one below:

rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz
rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz

If the file is in 7z, zip or rar format, you will need to extract it first. If the file is too large to write, you can compress it into .gz format and try again.

4.4.2.2 Option 2: Install OS via TF Card
4.4.2.2.1 Install OS to eMMC
  • This method firstly boots a mini Linux from a TF card and then automatically runs an EFlasher utility to install the OS to eMMC.
  • You can watch its progress by observing its LEDs as well.

Visit download link to download the needed utilities and image file:

Image File
rk3328-eflasher-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt
Based on OpenWrt 22.03.0
Kernel version 5.15.y
rk3328-eflasher-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt
Pre-installed Docker
Based on OpenWrt 22.03.0
Kernel version 5.15.y
rk3328-eflasher-friendlycore-lite-focal-5.15-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyCore
Minimal system
Based on Ubuntu core 20.04
kernel version 5.15.y
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

Here are the steps:

  • Get an SDHC card with a minimum capacity of 8G
  • Download a rk3328-eflasher-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img.gz image file and a win32diskimager;
  • Under Windows, run win32diskimager as administrator, select your SD card and extracted EFlasher image file, and click on “Write” to write image file on the SD card; or under Linux, you use the dd command to write the rk3328-eflasher-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img file to the SD card.
  • Eject your SD card and insert it to NanoPi-R2C-Plus’s microSD card slot.
  • Turn on NanoPi-R2C-Plus, it will boot from the SD card and automatically run EFlasher to install the OS to the board’s eMMC. You can observer the board’s LEDs to watch its installation progress
Progress SYS LED(Red) LAN LED(Green) WAN LED(Green)
Power On Solid On Off Off
System Boot Slow Flashing Off Off
Installation in Progress Fast Flashing Off Off
Installation Done Slow Flashing Solid On Solid On
  • After installation is done, power off the board, eject the SD card from NanoPi-R2C-Plus, power on the board again, NanoPi-R2C-Plus will load the OS from its eMMC
4.4.2.2.2 Install Flash Image File to eMMC
  • Auto Install (Default Behavior)

1) Download an “eflasher” firmware from network drive, extract it and install it to a TF card ;
2) Eject and insert the TF card to your PC, after a “FriendlyARM” device shows up(Under Linux, it is a “FriendlyARM” directory), copy an .img or .gz file to the TF card.
3) Open the eflasher.conf file on the TF card, set “autoStart=” to the name of your image file, such as:

autoStart=openwrt-rockchip-armv8_nanopi-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz

Anyone of the files that contain “-sd-” will work. Here is a list:

rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz
rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz
rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-YYYYMMDD.img.gz
rk3328-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz

4) Eject the TF card, insert the TF card to NanoPi-R2C-Plus, power it on it will automatically install your firmware. You can watch the installation progress by observing the LEDs’ status.

4.5 The Boot order between eMMC and SD card

By default, the system will be booted from the TF card first, but this is not the case under all conditions. This section will explain all situations in detail;

Refer to rockchip official document [1], there are two types of loader program:
1) U-Boot TPL/SPL (i.e. upsream U-Boot, also called mainline U-Boot)
2) Rockchip MiniLoader

Things to note:
1) FriendlyELEC's image uses Rockchip MiniLoader
2) The third-party image usually uses U-Boot TPL/SPL

The following situations will always start from eMMC:
If the system in the eMMC, or the system in the TF card uses the first Loader type U-Boot TPL/SPL, it will always boot from the eMMC;
If you want to boot from the TF card, there are the following methods:
Method 1: Clear the Loader on the eMMC, the clearing method is as follows, after starting from the eMMC, enter the following command on the command line to clear the Loader on the eMMC: 

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk2 bs=8M count=1

Method 2: Insert the TF card, Press Maskrom Key (or short-circuit the Maskrom contacts) and then power on (need to keep the short-circuit for about 3 seconds), it will start from the TF card

The summary is as follows:

eMMC current system TF card current system Boot priority
No system Any image TF card
FriendlyELEC's image FriendlyELEC's image TF card
FriendlyELEC's image Image with Mainline U-boot eMMC
Image with Mainline U-boot FriendlyELEC's image eMMC
Image with Mainline U-boot Image with Mainline U-boot eMMC

5 Work with FriendlyWrt

5.1 Introduction to FriendlyWrt

FriendlyWrt is a customized system made by FriendlyElec based on an OpenWrt distribution. It is open source and well suitable for developing IoT applications, NAS applications etc.

5.2 First boot

For the first boot, the system needs to do the following initialization work：
1）Extended root file system
2）Initial setup（will execute /root/setup.sh)
So you need to wait for a while (about 2~3 minutes) to boot up for the first time, and then set FriendlyWrt, you can enter the ttyd terminal on the openwrt webpage, when the prompt is displayed as root@FriendlyWrt, it means the system has been initialized. 

root@FriendlyWrt

5.3 Account & Password

The default password is password (empty password in some versions). Please set or change a safer password for web login and ssh login. It is recommended to complete this setting before connecting NanoPi-R2C-Plus to the Internet.

5.4 Login FriendlyWrt

Connect the PC to the LAN port of NanoPi-R2C-Plus. If your PC without a built-in ethernet port, connect the LAN port of the wireless AP to the LAN port of NanoPi-R2C-Plus, and then connect your PC to the wireless AP via WiFi , Enter the following URL on your PC's browser to access the admin page:

The above is the LAN port address of NanoPi-R2C-Plus. The IP address of the WAN port will be dynamically obtained from your main router through DHCP.

5.5 Recommended security settings

The following settings are highly recommended to complete before connecting NanoPi-R2C-Plus to the Internet。

  • Set a secure password
  • Only allow access to ssh from lan, change the port
  • Only allow local devices to access luci

Edit /etc/config/uhttpd，Change the original 0.0.0.0 and [::] addresses to the local lan address, for example： 

	# HTTP listen addresses, multiple allowed
	list listen_http	192.168.2.1:80
	list listen_http	[fd00:ab:cd::1]:80
 
	# HTTPS listen addresses, multiple allowed
	list listen_https	192.168.2.1:443
	list listen_https	[fd00:ab:cd::1]:443

Restart the service: 

/etc/init.d/uhttpd restart
  • Check the firewall settings

Set up as you wish.

5.6 Safe shutdown operation

Enter the "Services" -> "Terminal", enter the "poweroff" command and hit enter, wait until the led light is off, and then unplug the power supply.

5.7 Soft Factory Reset

Enter "System"->"Backup/Flash firmware"，Click “Perform reset“ Button, Your device's settings will be reset to defaults like when FriendlyWrt was first installed.
You can also do this in the terminal: 

firstboot && reboot

5.8 Install Software Packages

5.8.1 Update Package List

Before install software packages update the package list: 

$ opkg update

5.8.2 List Available Packages

$ opkg list

5.8.3 List Installed Packages

$ opkg list-installed

5.8.4 Install Packages

$ opkg install <package names>

5.8.5 Remove Packages

$ opkg remove <package names>

5.9 Disable IPv6

. /root/setup.sh
disable_ipv6
reboot

5.10 Configure the function of the user button

By default, the user button is configured to reboot the device, as shown below: 

echo 'BTN_1 1 /sbin/reboot' >> /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/example.conf

You can change its behavior by changing the configuration file above.

5.11 Some common issues of FriendlyWrt

  • Unable to dial up
    • Go to "Network" -> "Firewall" and set "Inbound Data", "Outbound Data" and "Forwarding" in "WAN Zone" to "Accept";
    • If you still cannot access the Internet, you can try to turn off IPV6;
  • Dial-up successful, but no outgoing traffic
    • Go to "Services" -> "Terminal" and type "fw4 reload" to try to reload the firewall settings again;
  • Unable to power on
    • Try to replace the power adapter and cable. It is recommended to use a power supply with specifications above 5V/2A;
    • Note that some fast chargers with Type-C interface will have a delay, it may take a few seconds to start providing power;
  • When doing secondary routing, the computer cannot connect to the Internet
    • If your main network is IPv4, and NanoPi-R2C-Plus works in IPv6, the computer may not be able to connect to the Internet. It is recommended to turn off IPv6 (the method is described later in this WiKi), or switch the main route to IPv6;
  • If you have questions or have better suggestions, please send an email to techsupport@friendlyarm.com;

5.12 Use USB2LCD to view IP and temperature

Plug the USB2LCD module to the USB interface ofNanoPi-R2C-Plus and power on, the IP address and CPU temperature will be displayed on the LCD:
R2S-usb2lcd-01.jpg

5.13 Work with USB WiFi Device

5.13.1 Check USB WiFi Device with Command Line Utility

(1) Click on "services>ttyd" to start the command line utility
R2s-wrt-jellyfin-002.jpg
(2) Make sure no USB devices are connected to your board and run the following command to check if any USB devices are connected or not

lsusb

R2swrt+usbwifi-09.jpg
(3) Connect a USB WiFi device to the board and run the command again

lsusb

You will see a new device is detected. In our test the device's ID was 0BDA:C811
R2swrt+usbwifi-10.jpg
(4) Type your device's ID (in our case it was "0BDA:C811" or "VID_0BDA&PID_C811") in a search engine and you may find a device that matches the ID. In our case the device we got was Realtek 8811CU.

5.13.2 Configure a USB WiFi Device as AP

(1) Connect a USB WiFi device to the NanoPi-R2C-Plus. We recommend you to use the following devices:
R2swrt+usbwifi-20210831.jpg
Note: devices that match these VID&PIDs would most likely work.
(2) Click on "System>Reboot" and reboot your NanoPi-R2C-Plus
R2swrt+usbwifi-01.jpg

R2swrt+usbwifi-02.jpg
(3) Click on "Network>Wireless" to enter the WiFi configuration page
R2swrt+usbwifi-03.jpg
(4) Click on "Edit" to edit the configuration
R2swrt+usbwifi-04.jpg
(5) On the "Interface Configuration" page you can set the WiFi mode and SSID, and then go to "Wireless Security" to change the password. By default the password is "password". After you make your changes click on "Save" to save
R2swrt+usbwifi-05.jpg

R2swrt+usbwifi-06.jpg
(6) After you change the settings you can use a smartphone or PC to search for WiFi
R2swrt+usbwifi-07.png

5.13.3 Common USB WiFi issues

1) It is recommended to plug in the usb wifi in the off state, then power it on, FriendlyWrt will automatically generate the configuration file /etc/config/wireless, if not, see if there is wlan0 by ifconfig -a, if there is no wlan0, usually there is no driver.
2) If ifconfig -a sees wlan0, but the hotspot is not working properly, try changing the channel and country code, an inappropriate country code can also cause the WiFi to not work.
3) Some USB WiFis (e.g. MTK MT7662) work in CD-ROM mode by default and need to be switched by usb_modeswitch, you can try to add usb_modeswitch configuration to the following directory: /etc/usb_modeswitch.d.

5.13.4 Change the default WiFi hotspot configuration

FriendlyWrt sets the country, hotspot name and other parameters for USB WiFi by default, with the aim of being as plug-and-play as possible, but this does not guarantee that all modules will be compatible with this setting, you can change these behaviors by modifying the following file： 

/lib/wifi/mac80211.sh

5.14 Work with Docker Applications

5.14.1 Work with Docker: Install JellyFin

mkdir -p /jellyfin/config
mkdir -p /jellyfin/videos
docker run --restart=always -d -p 8096:8096 -v /jellyfin/config:/config -v /jellyfin/videos:/videos jellyfin/jellyfin:10.1.0-arm64 -name myjellyfin

After installation, visit port 8096 and here is what you would find:
FriendlyWrt+JerryFin

5.14.2 Work with Docker: Install Personal Nextcloud

mkdir /nextcloud -p
docker run -d -p 8888:80  --name nextcloud  -v /nextcloud/:/var/www/html/ --restart=always --privileged=true  arm64v8/nextcloud

After installtion, visit port 8888.

5.14.3 Expand Docker Storage

  • Stop docker service first:
/etc/init.d/dockerd stop
  • Rename the original /opt directory, create an empty /opt directory:
mv /opt /opt-old && mkdir /opt
  • Format your drive as ext4, and mount it to the /opt directory:

Friendlywrt mount nvme opt-en.jpg

  • Enter the command "mount | grep /opt" to check the mount status:
root@FriendlyWrt:~# mount | grep /opt
/dev/nvme0n1p1 on /opt type ext4 (rw,relatime)
root@FriendlyWrt:~#
  • Copy the files from the original /opt directory to the new /opt directory:
cp -af /opt-old/* /opt/ && rm -rf /opt-old
  • Reboot the device
reboot
  • After reboot, go to the "Docker" -> "Overview" page, check the information in the "Docker Root Dir" line, you can see that the Docker space has been expanded:

Friendlywrt docker info-en.jpg

5.14.4 Docker FAQ and solutions

5.14.4.1 Unable to access the network services provided by the Docker container

Solution:

  • Go to the "Firewall" settings and set "Forwarding" to "Accept";
  • Turn off "Software Offload";

5.15 Mount smbfs

mount -t cifs //192.168.1.10/shared /movie -o username=xxx,password=yyy,file_mode=0644

5.16 Use sdk to compile the package

5.16.1 Install the compilation environment

Download and run the following script on 64-bit Ubuntu (version 18.04+): How to setup the Compiling Environment on Ubuntu bionic

5.16.2 Download and decompress sdk from the network disk

The sdk is located in the toolchain directory of the network disk: 

tar xvf openwrt-sdk-*-rockchip-armv8_gcc-11.2.0_musl.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz
# If the path is too long, it will cause some package compilation errors, so change the directory name here
mv openwrt-sdk-*-rockchip-armv8_gcc-11.2.0_musl.Linux-x86_64 sdk
cd sdk
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a

5.16.3 Compile the package

download the source code of the example (a total of 3 examples are example1, example2, example3), and copy to the package directory: 

git clone https://github.com/mwarning/openwrt-examples.git
cp -rf openwrt-examples/example* package/
rm -rf openwrt-examples/

Then enter the configuration menu through the following command: 

make menuconfig

In the menu, select the following packages we want to compile (actually selected by default): 

"Utilities" => "example1"
"Utilities" => "example3"
"Network" => "VPN" => "example2"

execute the following commands to compile the three software packages: 

make package/example1/compile V=99
make package/example2/compile V=99
make package/example3/compile V=99

After the compilation is successful, you can find the ipk file in the bin directory, as shown below: 

$ find ./bin -name example*.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example3_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example1_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example2_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk

5.16.4 Install the ipk to NanoPi

You can use the scp command to upload the ipk file to NanoPi: 

cd ./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/
scp example*.ipk root@192.168.2.1:/root/

Then use the opkg command to install them: 

cd /root/
opkg install example3_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
opkg install example1_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
opkg install example2_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk

6 Work with FriendlyCore

6.1 FriendlyCore User Account

  • Non-root User:
   User Name: pi
   Password: pi
  • Root:
   User Name: root
   Password: fa

6.2 Update Software Packages

$ sudo apt-get update

6.3 Setup Network Configurations

6.3.1 Set static IP address

By default "eth0" is assigned an IP address obtained via dhcp. If you want to change the setting you need to change the following file: 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

For example if you want to assign a static IP to it you can run the following commands: 

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.231
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1

6.3.2 Set a DNS

You also need to modify the following file to add the DNS configuration: 

vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

For example, set to 192.168.1.1: 

[Resolve]
DNS=192.168.1.1

Restart the systemd-resolved service with the following command: 

sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
sudo systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service

6.3.3 Set up to use another network interface

To change the setting of "eth1" you can add a new file similar to eth0's configuration file under the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory.

6.4 Install the kernel-header package

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

6.5 Build kernel-header deb package

Please refre to: https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3328/blob/master/test/test-build-kernel-header-deb.sh

6.6 Config status LEDs

Set the following kernel modules to be loaded automatically on boot:

echo ledtrig-netdev > /etc/modprobe.d/ledtrig.conf

Put the following into the autorun script to associate the status leds with the ethernet interface, and you can configure it to behave in other ways by referring to these content:

echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/wan_led/trigger
echo eth0 > /sys/class/leds/wan_led/device_name
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/wan_led/link
 
echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/lan_led/trigger
echo eth1 > /sys/class/leds/lan_led/device_name
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/lan_led/link

7 Buildroot Linux

Buildroot is a simple, efficient and easy-to-use tool to generate embedded Linux systems through cross-compilation. It contains a boot-loader, kernel, rootfs, various libraries and utilities(e.g. qt, gstreamer, busybox etc).

FriendlyELEC's Buildroot is based on Rockchip's version which is made with linux-sdk and maintained with git. FriendlyELEC's version is synced with Rockchip's version;


For a more detailed description of the Buildroot system, please refer to: Buildroot

8 How to Compile

8.1 Build Openwrt/Friendlywrt

8.1.1 Download Code

Two versions are available, please choose as required:

8.1.1.1 FriendlyWrt 21.02.3
mkdir friendlywrt21-rk3328
cd friendlywrt21-rk3328
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v21.02 \
        -m rk3328.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle
8.1.1.2 FriendlyWrt 22.03.0-rc3
mkdir friendlywrt22-rk3328
cd friendlywrt22-rk3328
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v22.03 \
        -m rk3328.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle

8.1.2 First compilation step

./build.sh rk3328.mk  # or rk3328-docker.mk

All the components (including u-boot, kernel, and friendlywrt) are compiled and the sd card image will be generated, then execute the following command to generate the image file for installing the system into the emmc: 

./build.sh emmc-img

After making changes to the project, the sd card image needs to be repackaged by running the following command: 

./build.sh sd-img

8.1.3 Secondary compilation steps

cd friendlywrt
make menuconfig
rm -rf ./tmp
make -j${nproc}
cd ../
./build.sh sd-img
./build.sh emmc-img

8.2 Build u-boot only

./build.sh uboot

8.3 Build kernel only

./build.sh kernel

8.4 Build friendlywrt only

./build.sh friendlywrt

Or go to the friendlywrt directory and follow the standard openwrt commands. If you get an error with the above command, try using the following command to compile in a single thread: 

cd friendlywrt
make -j1 V=s

8.5 Configuring kernel command line parameters

8.5.1 eMMC Boot

Here are the steps:
Make an eflahser bootable SD card (use the firmware file starting with rk3xxxx-eflasher-)，
Insert the SD card into your computer, go to the SD card's OS-related directory, and edit the file parameter.txt, which is a text file containing command-line parameters，
Then boot from the SD card and burn the system to the eMMC.

8.5.2 SD Boot

To modify the command line parameters of the SD card, you need to repackage the SD card image file,
you can use the sd-fuse script we provide to assist packaging, here take rk3568 as an example,
other CPUs also have the corresponding sd-fuse repository, replace the word rk3568 with other cpu models: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3568.git
cd sd-fuse_rk3568
wget --no-proxy http://112.124.9.243/dvdfiles/RK3568/images-for-eflasher/debian-buster-desktop-arm64-images.tgz
tar xvzf debian-buster-desktop-arm64-images.tgz
vim debian-buster-desktop-arm64/parameter.txt # Edit command-line parameters
./mk-sd-image.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64  # Repackage sd image file

9 Make Your Own OS Image

10 More OS Support

10.1 DietPi

Dietpi-logo.png
DietPi is a highly optimised & minimal Debian-based Linux distribution. DietPi is extremely lightweight at its core, and also extremely easy to install and use.
Setting up a single board computer (SBC) or even a computer, for both regular or server use, takes time and skill. DietPi provides an easy way to install and run favourite software you choose.
For more information, please visit this link https://dietpi.com/docs/.

DietPi supports many of the NanoPi board series, you may download the image file from here:

11 Resources

11.1 Datasheets and Schematics

12 Update Logs

12.1 2022-09-06

12.1.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • Added Fullcone NAT support
  • upgrade to 22.03.0

12.2 2022-08-03

12.2.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • Upgrade FriendlyWrt to the latest version 22.03-rc6

12.3 2022-08-01

12.3.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • Firewall settings adjustment: single-port devices (e.g. NEO3) are set to allow WAN inbound traffic by default for easy web configuration, while multi-port devices are still denied WAN inbound traffic by default

12.4 2022-07-27

12.4.1 FriendlyWrt:

  • Both docker and non-docker versions are available, all features are the same except for docker.
  • Beta version 22.03-rc3 is available, you can choose according to your package requirements, stable version 21.02.3 is recommended.
  • Improved compatibility issues with third-party packages
  • Added support for "Soft Factory Reset" function
  • Added web-based tool eMMC-Tools, support install FriendlyElec and some third party firmware to eMMC, besides raw-image also support rockchip package format firmware
  • Other details: default timezone setting to Shanghai, new NAS category menu, remove lcd2usb, improve security settings, tune sysctl parameters, fix docker firewall settings, etc.

12.5 2021-12-02

  • Improved the compatibility of the FriendlyWrt software package installation
  • Fixed the issue that some sd cards would cause the reboot command to not respond (updated the 5.10 kernel)
  • Configure the USB header on NanoPi-NEO3 to host mode by default

12.6 2021-10-29

12.6.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • FriendlyWrt has been updated to the official stable version 21.02.1, features are basically the same as 19.07.5, support docker, usb wifi, etc.

12.7 2021-08-30

12.7.1 FriendlyWrt：

  • Upgraded kernel to 5.10.60
  • Add a high-speed 5G USB WiFi support, the network card model is Comfast CF-WU782AC V2, the chip model is MediaTek MT7662
  • Improved USB WiFi compatibility
  • Improved stability on first boot (previous version, bpfilter error occurred in some cases on first boot)

12.7.2 FriendlyCore：

  • upgraded kernel to 5.10.60

12.8 2021-03-05

  • Upgrade FriendlyCore to 20.04 (base on ubuntu focal)

12.9 2021-01-15

  • upgraded kernel to 5.10
  • upgraded friendlywrt to 19.07.5

12.10 2020-09-04

  • Improved the stability of the usb3.0 driver (integrated with official Rockchip updates) and the stability of the r8153 ethernet card
  • Update the driver of the 8153 ethernet card, using mainline kernel's version, the version is v1.11.11
  • Enable serial port UART1 for R2S and NEO3

12.11 2020-08-31

  • Kernel updated to 5.4.61
  • Use the driver r8152-2.13.0 downloaded from Realtek official website (https://www.realtek.com/en/downloads)
  • Improve the USB network card driver, WLAN<->LAN bridge speed can reach 700/500 Mbits/sec
  • Add rockhip rng (hardware random number) driver

12.12 2020-07-10

12.12.1 FriendlyWrt

  • upgraded kernel to 5.4.50
  • added support for NanoPi-NEO3

12.13 2020-05-14

12.13.1 FriendlyWrt

  • upgraded kernel to 5.4.40，fixed bpfilter issue
  • added new usb wifi（rtl8812au）
  • fixed overlayfs issue

12.14 2020-02-25

12.14.1 FriendlyWrt

12.14.1.1 update to v19.07.1，please use branch master-v19.07.1：
mkdir friendlywrt-rk3328
cd friendlywrt-rk3328
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v19.07.1 -m rk3328.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --no-clone-bundle
repo sync -c --no-clone-bundle
12.14.1.2 fixed some issues：
  • fixed bpfilter module issue
  • updated feeds to the latest commit
  • removed modemmanager and mwan3 plugins
  • adjusted cpu scaling governor, optimized startup speed

12.15 2020-02-20

12.15.1 FriendlyWrt

  • Optimized openssl performance
  • Added support for PWM fan, support fan speed control (platform: rk33xx)

12.16 2020-01-18

Initial Release

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