Difference between revisions of "Template:DebianBusterDesktop-Common/zh"

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(updated by API)
 
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−
===Account & Password===
 
 
===帐户与密码===
 
===帐户与密码===
 
普通用户：<br/>
 
普通用户：<br/>
Line 8: Line 7:
 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;默认没有设置root密码，可通过sudo passwd root命令配置root密码
 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;默认没有设置root密码，可通过sudo passwd root命令配置root密码
 
===查看IP地址===
 
===查看IP地址===
−
由于Debian Buster主机名默认为FriendlyElec.lan, 所以可以使用ping命令来获得IP地址:
+
由于Debian主机名默认为硬件型号, 所以可以使用ping命令来获得IP地址: <code>ping {{{1}}}</code><br/>
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
ping FriendlyElec.lan
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
 
+
 
===通过ssh登录Debian===
 
===通过ssh登录Debian===
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
使用以下命令:<code>ssh pi@{{{1}}}</code><br/>
−
ssh pi@FriendlyElec.lan
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
 
默认密码为pi
 
默认密码为pi
  
 
===更新软件包===
 
===更新软件包===
 
====更换软件源为国内镜像源====
 
====更换软件源为国内镜像源====
 +
编辑/etc/apt/sources.list替换成以下内容:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.org
+
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
−
$ sudo sed -i -e 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
+
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
 +
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
 +
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
 +
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
 +
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
 +
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
 +
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
====更新软件包列表====
 
====更新软件包列表====
Line 29: Line 29:
 
$ sudo apt-get update
 
$ sudo apt-get update
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
===安装x11vnc远程桌面===
 +
x11vnc是一个VNC服务器, 安装后我们可以不依赖外部的显示设备, 通过网络远程登录Debian桌面。
 +
====安装x11vnc====
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
sudo apt-get install x11vnc
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
====设置VNC登录密码====
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pwd
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
====设置x11vnc在开机时自动启动====
 +
新建如下文件:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
内容如下:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
[Unit]
 +
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
 +
Requires=display-manager.service
 +
After=syslog.target network-online.target
 +
Wants=syslog.target network-online.target
  
 +
[Service]
 +
Type=simple
 +
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -display :0 -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pwd -rfbport 5900 -shared -capslock -nomodtweak
 +
ExecStop=/usr/bin/x11vnc -R stop
 +
Restart=on-failure
 +
 +
[Install]
 +
WantedBy=multi-user.target
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
设置systemd服务:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
 +
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc.service
 +
sudo systemctl start x11vnc
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
====测试远程桌面====
 +
在电脑上启动VNC客户端软件, 在地址栏输入: IP地址:5900 连接即可, 效果如下图所示, 图中设备IP地址为192.168.1.123, 使用端口5900进行连接:<br />
 +
[[File:Debian10-x11vnc.png|frameless|480px]]
 
===安装内核头文件===
 
===安装内核头文件===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb
 
sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
测试编译内核模块:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
sudo apt update
 +
sudo apt install git gcc make bc
 +
git clone https://github.com/RinCat/RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver.git
 +
cd RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver
 +
make -j$(nproc)
 +
sudo make install
 +
sudo modprobe 88x2bu
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
Line 60: Line 110:
 
  | NanoPi-R2S
 
  | NanoPi-R2S
 
  | NanoPi-R2C-Plus
 
  | NanoPi-R2C-Plus
 +
| NanoPi-R2S-Plus
 
  | NanoPi-R2C =
 
  | NanoPi-R2C =
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3328.git -b kernel-4.19
+
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3328.git -b kernel-4.19 --single-branch
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3328
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3328
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
| NanoPi-R5C
 
  | NanoPi-R5S =
 
  | NanoPi-R5S =
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3568.git -b master
+
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3568.git -b kernel-6.1.y --single-branch
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3568
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3568
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
| NanoPi-R6C
 +
| NanoPC-T6
 
  | NanoPi-R6S =
 
  | NanoPi-R6S =
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3588.git -b master
+
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3588.git -b kernel-6.1.y --single-branch
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3588
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3588
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
  | #default =
 
  | #default =
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399.git -b kernel-4.19
+
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399.git -b kernel-4.19 --single-branch
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3399
 
cd sd-fuse_rk3399
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
Line 84: Line 139:
 
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo.bmp
 
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo.bmp
 
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo_kernel.bmp
 
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo_kernel.bmp
−
LOGO=/tmp/logo.bmp KERNEL_LOGO=/tmp/logo_kernel.bmp ./build-kernel.sh eflasher
 
 
LOGO=/tmp/logo.bmp KERNEL_LOGO=/tmp/logo_kernel.bmp ./build-kernel.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
 
LOGO=/tmp/logo.bmp KERNEL_LOGO=/tmp/logo_kernel.bmp ./build-kernel.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
 +
sudo ./mk-sd-image.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
 
./mk-emmc-image.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
 
./mk-emmc-image.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
注: 如果你的系统不是debian-buster-desktop-arm64,请根据实际情况指定
 
====更换桌面墙纸====
 
====更换桌面墙纸====
 
修改如下配置文件:
 
修改如下配置文件:
Line 142: Line 198:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
重启后, 按Ctrl+Space即可切换中英文输入法, 右上角也出现了输入法图标, 右击右上角的输入法图标, 在弹出菜单中可以切换输入法, 如下图所示:<br />
 
重启后, 按Ctrl+Space即可切换中英文输入法, 右上角也出现了输入法图标, 右击右上角的输入法图标, 在弹出菜单中可以切换输入法, 如下图所示:<br />
−
[[File:Debian10-chinese-im.png|frameless|480px]]<br />
+
[[File:Debian10-chinese-im.png|frameless|480px]]
−
 
+
−
===安装x11vnc远程桌面===
+
−
x11vnc是一个VNC服务器, 安装后我们可以不依赖外部的显示设备, 通过网络远程登录Debian10桌面。
+
−
====安装x11vnc====
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo apt-get install x11vnc
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
====设置VNC登录密码====
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pwd
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
====设置x11vnc在开机时自动启动====
+
−
新建如下文件:
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
内容如下:
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
[Unit]
+
−
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
+
−
Requires=display-manager.service
+
−
After=syslog.target network-online.target
+
−
Wants=syslog.target network-online.target
+
−
 
+
−
[Service]
+
−
Type=simple
+
−
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -display :0 -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pwd -rfbport 5900 -shared -capslock -nomodtweak
+
−
ExecStop=/usr/bin/x11vnc -R stop
+
−
Restart=on-failure
+
−
 
+
−
[Install]
+
−
WantedBy=multi-user.target
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
设置systemd服务:
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+
−
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc.service
+
−
sudo systemctl start x11vnc
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
====测试远程桌面====
+
−
在电脑上启动VNC客户端软件, 在地址栏输入: IP地址:5900 连接即可, 效果如下图所示, 图中设备IP地址为192.168.1.123, 使用端口5900进行连接:<br />
+
−
[[File:Debian10-x11vnc.png|frameless|480px]]<br />
+
−
 
+
 
===安装Plex多媒体服务器===
 
===安装Plex多媒体服务器===
 
访问 Plex官网的如下地址: https://www.plex.tv/media-server-downloads/<br />
 
访问 Plex官网的如下地址: https://www.plex.tv/media-server-downloads/<br />
Line 191: Line 204:
 
下载得到deb包后, 使用 dpkg 命令安装软件包即可: <br />
 
下载得到deb包后, 使用 dpkg 命令安装软件包即可: <br />
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
sudo dpkg -i plexmediaserver_1.28.1.6104-788f82488_arm64.deb
+
sudo dpkg -i plexmediaserver_1.31.0.6654-02189b09f_arm64.deb
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
安装完成后, 在电脑浏览器上输入以下地址登录Plex服务器后台: http://IP地址:32400/web/ <br/>
 
安装完成后, 在电脑浏览器上输入以下地址登录Plex服务器后台: http://IP地址:32400/web/ <br/>
−
 
+
===在Debian系统上安装Docker===
−
===安装Docker===
+
请参考此链接: [[How to Install Docker on Debian/zh]]
−
因Docker安装程序需要使用iptables, 而Debian默认使用的是nftables, 因此安装前先设置Debian使用传统的iptables:
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy
+
−
sudo update-alternatives --set ip6tables /usr/sbin/ip6tables-legacy
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
====安装docker====
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
验证是否安装成功:
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo docker info
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
====不使用sudo运行docker====
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
sudo groupadd docker
+
−
sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
+
−
sudo systemctl restart docker
+
−
sudo chmod a+rw /var/run/docker.sock
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
验证是否成功:
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
docker images
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
====测试运行docker映像: 安装nextcloud网盘====
+
−
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
+
−
mkdir ~/nextcloud -p
+
−
docker run -d -p 8888:80  --name nextcloud  -v ~/nextcloud/:/var/www/html/ --restart=always --privileged=true  arm64v8/nextcloud
+
−
</syntaxhighlight>
+
−
安装完成后, 在电脑浏览器上访问: http://设备IP地址:8888, 即可查看nextcloud网盘页面。
+

Latest revision as of 10:53, 4 December 2023

1 帐户与密码

普通用户：
    用户名: pi
    密码: pi

Root用户：
    默认没有设置root密码，可通过sudo passwd root命令配置root密码

2 查看IP地址

由于Debian主机名默认为硬件型号, 所以可以使用ping命令来获得IP地址: ping {{{1}}}

3 通过ssh登录Debian

使用以下命令:ssh pi@{{{1}}}
默认密码为pi

4 更新软件包

4.1 更换软件源为国内镜像源

编辑/etc/apt/sources.list替换成以下内容: 

deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
# deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib

4.2 更新软件包列表

$ sudo apt-get update

5 安装x11vnc远程桌面

x11vnc是一个VNC服务器, 安装后我们可以不依赖外部的显示设备, 通过网络远程登录Debian桌面。

5.1 安装x11vnc

sudo apt-get install x11vnc

5.2 设置VNC登录密码

sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pwd

5.3 设置x11vnc在开机时自动启动

新建如下文件: 

sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service

内容如下: 

[Unit]
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
Requires=display-manager.service
After=syslog.target network-online.target
Wants=syslog.target network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -display :0 -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pwd -rfbport 5900 -shared -capslock -nomodtweak
ExecStop=/usr/bin/x11vnc -R stop
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置systemd服务: 

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc.service
sudo systemctl start x11vnc

5.4 测试远程桌面

在电脑上启动VNC客户端软件, 在地址栏输入: IP地址:5900 连接即可, 效果如下图所示, 图中设备IP地址为192.168.1.123, 使用端口5900进行连接:
Debian10-x11vnc.png

6 安装内核头文件

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

测试编译内核模块: 

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git gcc make bc
git clone https://github.com/RinCat/RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver.git
cd RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
sudo modprobe 88x2bu

7 更改时区

7.1 检查当前时区

timedatectl

7.2 列出所有时区

timedatectl list-timezones

7.3 设置时区 (比如上海)

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

8 更换开机LOGO和桌面墙纸

替换内核下面的两个文件，重新编译内核：
kernel/logo.bmp
kernel/logo_kernel.bmp
或者使用脚本来操作，如下所示：

  • 下载脚本
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3399.git -b kernel-4.19 --single-branch
cd sd-fuse_rk3399
  • 编译内核并重新打包固件
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo.bmp
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo_kernel.bmp
LOGO=/tmp/logo.bmp KERNEL_LOGO=/tmp/logo_kernel.bmp ./build-kernel.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
sudo ./mk-sd-image.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64
./mk-emmc-image.sh debian-buster-desktop-arm64

注: 如果你的系统不是debian-buster-desktop-arm64,请根据实际情况指定

8.2 更换桌面墙纸

修改如下配置文件: 

/home/pi/.config/pcmanfm/LXDE/desktop-items-0.conf

8.3 恢复出厂设置

在终端上执行如下命令: 

sudo firstboot && sudo reboot

9 开机自动启动程序(例如Kodi)

把要开机启动的程序的desktop文件放入~/.config/autostart/目录即可，例如： 

mkdir ~/.config/autostart/
cp /usr/share/applications/kodi.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

10 取消USB存储设备自动挂载

sudo systemctl mask udisks2
sudo reboot

11 设置中文语言与输入法

11.1 设置中文语言

输入以下命令,用空格选中 'zh_CN.UTF-8' 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

添加环境变量到 .bashrc: 

echo "export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc

重启确认一下设置是否生效: 

sudo reboot

11.2 安装中文输入法

输入如下命令安装fcitx和拼音输入法: 

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install fcitx fcitx-pinyin
sudo apt-get install im-config
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table*
sudo apt-get install fcitx-ui-classic fcitx-ui-light
sudo apt-get install fcitx-frontend-gtk2 fcitx-frontend-gtk3 fcitx-frontend-qt4
sudo apt-get remove --purge scim* ibus*
sudo reboot

重启后, 按Ctrl+Space即可切换中英文输入法, 右上角也出现了输入法图标, 右击右上角的输入法图标, 在弹出菜单中可以切换输入法, 如下图所示:
Debian10-chinese-im.png

12 安装Plex多媒体服务器

访问 Plex官网的如下地址: https://www.plex.tv/media-server-downloads/
在下载页面上, 选择 ”Plex Media Server” 分类, 平台选择 ”Linux“, 版本选择 "Ubuntu(16.04+)/Debian(8+) - ARMv8",
下载得到deb包后, 使用 dpkg 命令安装软件包即可: 

sudo dpkg -i plexmediaserver_1.31.0.6654-02189b09f_arm64.deb

安装完成后, 在电脑浏览器上输入以下地址登录Plex服务器后台: http://IP地址:32400/web/

13 在Debian系统上安装Docker

请参考此链接: How to Install Docker on Debian/zh

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