Smart4418

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1 Introduction

Smart4418.jpg
Smart44182.jpg
Smart44183.jpg
  • The Smart4418 is a quad core Cortex A9 CPU board designed and developed by FriendlyARM for industrial applications. It uses Samsung Quad Core Cortex-A9 S5P4418 SoC with dynamic frequency scaling up to 1.4GHz. The standard model has 1GB DDR3 RAM and 8GB eMMC. It has 2.0mm pitch double row pin headers containing 174 pins in total. It works with the Smart210's SDK carrier board (V1305). This feature makes the Smart210's users easily upgrade and migrate their applications to the Smart4418. In addition FriendlyARM will soon release a Samsung Octa Core Cortex-A53 S5P6818@1.4GHz based board which is pin to pin compatible to the Smart4418 CPU board.

2 Features

  • CPU: Samsung S5P4418 Quad Core Cortex-A9, with dynamic frequency scaling from 400M Hz to 1.4G Hz
  • PMU Power Management Unit: AXP228. it supports software power-off and wake-up functions.
  • DDR3 RAM: 1GB 32bit DDR3 RAM
  • Ethernet: Gbps Ethernet(RTL8211E) with unique MAC
  • eMMC: 8GB
  • Audio: 1 x audio codec chip, 1 x onboard Microphone and 1 x audio jack
  • LED: 1 x Power LED, 2 x GPIO LED
  • Others: onboard thermistor
  • PCB Dimension: 74 x 55 mm, Six-Layer
  • Power: DC 5V, up to 1.2A
  • OS/Software: u-boot, Android5.1, Debian8, ubuntu-core
  • 3 x 2.0mm pitch double row pin header, 174 pins in total:
    • USB 2.0 - Host x1, OTG x1
    • Video output/Display - RGB Parallel I/F (24-bit), LVDS and HDMI 1.4a
    • Video input - DVP Camera interface, ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit and MIPI-CSI
    • Audio input - Microphone
    • Audio output - Audio jack (with headset detection) and HDMI audio
    • Ethernet - 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet x 1
    • ADC - CPU internal ADC, 7 channels, 12-bit, range: 0 ~ 1.8V
    • External interface - SDIO/MMC x2, SPI x2, I2C x3, UART x5, PWM x3, GPIOs x24
    • Others - Power key input, RESET input, RESET output, RTC battery input

3 Pin Spec

P1 P2
Pin# Name Pin# Name Pin# Name Pin# Name
1 VDD_5V 2 DGND 1 UART0_TX 2 UART0_RX
3 RTC_BATT 4 GPIOB8 3 UART1_TX 4 UART1_RX
5 NRESETIN 6 GPIOC17 5 UART2_TX 6 UART2_RX
7 MMC0_CMD 8 MMC1_CMD 7 UART3_TX 8 UART3_RX
9 MMC0_CLK 10 MMC1_CLK 9 UART1_nCTS 10 UART1_nRTS
11 MMC0_D0 12 MMC1_D0 11 CAM0_D0 12 CAM0_D1
13 MMC0_D1 14 MMC1_D1 13 CAM0_D2 14 CAM0_D3
15 MMC0_D2 16 MMC1_D2 15 CAM0_D4 16 CAM0_D5
17 MMC0_D3 18 MMC1_D3 17 CAM0_D6 18 CAM0_D7
19 MMC0_CD 20 GPIOB24 19 CAM0_PCLK 20 CAM0_VSYNC
21 PWRKEY 22 SPI1_CS/GPIOC10 21 CAM0_HYNC 22 GPIOB14
23 GPIOB28/UART4_RX 24 SPI1_MISO/GPIOC11 23 GPIOB16 24 HDMI_TX1P
25 GPIOB29/UART4_TX 26 SPI1_MOSI/GPIOC12 25 HDMI_TX0P 26 HDMI_TX1N
27 GPIOB30 28 SPI1_CLK/GPIOC9 27 HDMI_TX0N 28 HDMI_TXCP
29 GPIOC15 30 GPIOC16 29 HDMI_TX2P 30 HDMI_TXCN
31 GPIOB31 32 GPIOB18 31 HDMI_TX2N 32 HDMI_HPD
33 GPIOD1/PWM0 34 I2C0_SCL 33 I2C1_SDA 34 I2C1_SCL
35 GPIOC13/PWM1 36 I2C0_SDA 35 USB_OTG_ID 36 SPI0_CS
37 USB_HOST_D- 38 I2C2_SCL 37 USB_OTG_D- 38 SPI0_MISO
39 USB_HOST_D+ 40 I2C2_SDA 39 USB_OTG_D+ 40 SPI0_MOSI
41 LCD_B0 42 LCD_B1 41 VBUS_5V 42 SPI0_CL
43 LCD_B2 44 LCD_B3 43 LVDS_CLKP 44 GPIOB25
45 LCD_B4 46 LCD_B5 45 LVDS_CLKM 46 DGND
47 LCD_B6 48 LCD_B7 47 LVDS_Y0P 48 LAN_MDI1_N
49 LCD_G0 50 LCD_G1 49 LVDS_Y0M 50 LAN_MDI1_P
51 LCD_G2 52 LCD_G3 51 LVDS_Y1P 52 LAN_MDI0_N
53 LCD_G4 54 LCD_G5 53 LVDS_Y1M 54 LAN_MDI0_P
55 LCD_G6 56 LCD_G7 55 LVDS_Y2P 56 LINK_LED
57 LCD_R0 58 LCD_R1 57 LVDS_Y2M 58 SPEED_LED
59 LCD_R2 60 LCD_R3 59 LVDS_Y3P 60 DGND
61 LCD_R4 62 LCD_R5 61 LVDS_Y3M 62 HP_DETECT
63 LCD_R6 64 LCD_R7 63 HP-R 64 HP-L
65 LCD_VSYNC 66 LCD_HSYNC 65 LAN_MDI2_P 66 LAN_MDI3_P
67 LCD_CLK 68 LCD_DE 67 LAN_MDI2_N 68 LAN_MDI3_N
69 DGND 70 BOOT_CS 69 Mic-P 70 Mic-N
P4
Pin# Name Pin# Name
1 MIPICSI_DP0 2 GPIOD8/PPM
3 MIPICSI_DN0 4 GPIOC7
5 MIPICSI_DP1 6 GPIOC8
7 MIPICSI_DN1 8 GPIOC24
9 MIPICSI_DP2 10 GPIOC28
11 MIPICSI_DN2 12 GPIOC0
13 MIPICSI_DP3 14 GPIOC1
15 MIPICSI_DN3 16 GPIOC2
17 MIPICSI_DPCLK 18 GPIOC3
19 MIPICSI_DNCLK 20 DGND
21 GPIOB9 22 ADC1
23 GPIOB26 24 ADC3
25 AliveGPIO5 26 ADC4
27 AliveGPIO3 28 ADC5
29 IO_REF_OUT,3.3V 30 ADC6
31 GPIOC14/PWM2 32 ADC7
33 NRESETOUT 34 DGND
Note:
  1. VDD_5V: Supply voltage, range:4.7 ~ 5.6V. We recommend a 5V/1.2A(MAX) power. You can lower the clock to decrease the power consumption. When the clock is lowered by 200MHz the power consumption roughly decreases 0.5W .
  2. BOOT_CS: Boot chip selection. When it is not connected or pulled up the board boots from eMMC otherwise it boots from SD card
  3. NRESETIN: Reset input. Activated when it is low. A reset signal is input to CPU from this pin
  4. NRESETOUT: Reset output. Activated when it is low. CPU's reset signal outputs to this pin.
  5. RTC_BATT: RTC's input, direct connection to a 3V power source. If the CPU board is powered on the RTC seat is powered by 3.3V external power otherwise when the CPU board is not powered on it is powered by the RTC battery.
  6. ADC1~7: CPU internal ADC, 12-bit, 7 channels 1~7, range:0 ~ 1.8V
  7. 10/100M Ethernet mode: LAN_MDI1_N/P=RX-/+, LAN_MDI0_N/P=TX-/+, four pins connected to RJ45
  8. 10/100/1000M Ethernet mode: LAN_MDI0_N/P~LAN_MDI3N/P, all eight pins connected to RJ45
  9. For more details please refer to our carrier board's design:Smart210/4418 SDK
  10. Smart4418 Schematic in pdf

4 Board Dimension

Smart4418-dim.png
For more details please refer to the dxf file:Smart4418-1512-Dimension(dxf).zip

5 Carrier Board

Smart210/4418 SDK

6 Get Started

6.1 Essentials You Need

Before play with your Smart4418 please get the following items ready

  • Smart4418 CPU board and Smart210/4418 SDK carrier board
  • Standard SD card: Class10 or above 8GB SDHC card
  • A DC 5V/2A power is a must
  • HDMI monitor or LCD
  • USB keyboard and mouse
  • A Host running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

6.2 Make an Installation SD Card

6.2.1 Boot Smart4418 from SD Card

Please get the following files from here download link:

  • Please get a 4G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary
For LCD or HDMI output please use the following files:
nanopi2-debian-sd4g.img.zip Debian image files
nanopi2-android-sd4g.img.zip Android image files
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"
  • Please uncompress these files. Insert an SD card(at least 4G) to a Windows PC, run the win32diskimager utility as administrator，On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive and the image files and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
  • Please insert this card to your Smart4418's boot slot, press and hold the boot key and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the PWR LED is on and LED1 is blinking this indicates your Smart4418 is successfully booted.

6.2.2 Flash Image to Smart4418's eMMC

  • Download RAW Image

Please get the image file: nanopi2-eflasher-sd4g.img.zip and the Windows utility: win32diskimager.rar;

  • Flash RAW Image to SD Card

Please insert an SD card(at least 4G) to a Windows PC, run the win32diskimager utility as administrator，On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive and the image files and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card;

  • Process RAW Image

Please go to this link [1] to downlaod Android and Debian image files(System-image-files-for-eMMC). After download please untar the ".tgz" ball and copy the files to your SD card.

OS Image Files Copy to...
Android 5.1 android-lollipop-images.tgz
android-lollipop-images.tgz.hash.md5 		boot.img
system.img
userdata.img
cache.img
partmap.txt
images\android
Debian (Jessie) debian-jessie-images.tgz
debian-jessie-images.tgz.hash.md5 		boot.img
rootfs.img
partmap.txt
images\debian
  • Specify OS

By default the SD card's configuration file "images\FriendlyARM.ini" specifies Android to be flashed to eMMC. If you want to install Debian please make the following change: 

OS = Debian

"#" is a comment

  • Flash Image to Smart4418's eMMC

Please insert this card to your Smart4418, connect the board to an HDMI or LCD, switch S2 to "SDBOOT" and power on (with a 5V/2A power source) to board to start installation. You can watch the whole installation process from the HDMI or LCD. If the following messages popped up it means the installation succeeds. 

Android is fused successfully. 
All done.

After installation is done please do "reset" or power off and on the board to boot the board from eMMC

You can check the LED's status to monitor the installation process too
LED Status Installation Status
LED1 blinks twice continuously
LED2 off 		Power on normal
If installation doesn't go on LED1 will keep behaving this way and LED2 will be off
LED1 and LED2 blink alternatively with each blink for 0.3s Installation going on
LED1 and LED2 blink alternatively with each blink for 1.2s Installation succeeds
LED1 and LED2 blink simultaneously Installation fails

6.2.3 Make Installation Card under Linux Desktop

  • 1) Insert your SD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name
dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions"

  • 2) Downlaod Linux script
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi2.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi2
  • 3) Make Android SD Card
su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)
When you run the script for the first time it will prompt you to download an image you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds otherwise you will miss the download

  • 4) Here is how to make a Debian SD card
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx debian

6.2.4 LCD/HDMI Resolution

When system boots our uboot will check whether it is connected to an LCD. If it recognizes an LCD it will configure its resolution. By default our uboot configures the display to HDMI 720P.
If you want to reset the LCD resolution you can modify file "arch/arm/plat-s5p4418/nanopi2/lcds.c" in the kernel and recompile it.
If your Smart4418 connects an HDMI monitor and it runs Android it will automatically set the resolution to an appropriate HDMI mode by checking "EDID". If your Smart4418 connects an HDMI monitor and it runs Debian by default it will set the resolution to HDMI 720P and in this case you can set it to 1080P by modifying your kernel's configuration.

6.3 Update Image Files in SD Card From PC Host

If you want to make some changes to the image files in your SD card please follow steps below otherwise you can skip this section.
Please insert your SD card to a PC host running LINUX, mount the boot and rootfs sections of the SD card and follow the steps below:
1) If you want to change your kernel command line parameters you can do it via the fw_setevn utility under "sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools":
Check the current Command Line: 

cd sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools
./fw_printenv /dev/sdc | grep bootargs

Android 5.1.1_r6 starts SELinux. By default it is enforcing. You can change it this way: 

./fw_setenv /dev/sdc bootargs XXX androidboot.selinux=permissive

This sets it to "permissive". The "XXX" stands for the original bootargs' value.

2) Update Kernel
Our customized uboot will check the LCD type when it boots.For a non-Android OS If it recognizes an LCD connected to the Smart4418 it will load "uImage" from "boot" otherwise it will load "uImage.hdmi".
However for Android these two files don't make any differences for whatever display device it detects. You can use your generated uImage to replace the existing one under "boot".
For Debian if your generated kernel is for LCD you need to replace the existing uImage or if your kernel is for HDMI you need to replace the existing uImage.hdmi.

6.4 运行Android或Debian

  • 将制作好SD卡插入Smart4418，连接HDMI，拨动S2开关到“SDBOOT”一侧，最后接电源(5V 2A)拨动开关，Smart4418会从SD卡启动。你可以看到板上PWR灯常亮,LED1灯闪烁，这说明系统已经开始启动了，同时电视上也将能看到系统启动的画面。

1）要在电视上进行操作，你需要连接USB鼠标和键盘；如果你选购了LCD配件，则可以直接使用LCD上面的触摸屏进行操作。
2）如果您需要进行内核开发，你最好选购一个串口配件，连接了串口，则可以通过终端对Smart4418进行操作。

  • 以下是串口的接法。接上串口，即可调试：

PSU-ONECOM03

  • 如果提示输入密码，Debian的root用户的默认密码是两个字母fa。

6.5 通过VNC和ssh登录Debian

如果你是祼板运行系统（既没有连接LCD也没有连接HDMI），并且烧写了带 -wifiap.img 后辍的固件，你可以使用手机，或者有无线网卡的电脑连接到Smart4418开放的 nanopi2-wifiap 无线热点（默认密码是123456789)，连接成功后，无论是手机还是电脑，你可以到这里下载并安装一个名为VNC Viewer的软件，用VNC连接到Smart4418，Smart4418在使用VNC时的连接地址和端口为：192.168.8.1:5901，默认密码为：fa123456，以下是在iPhone上用VNC登录Smart4418的画面：
VNC to NanoPi2
你也可以通过 ssh -l root 192.168.8.1 命令在终端上登录，默认的root用户密码是 fa。

为了保证ssh的流畅，我们用以下命令关闭wifi的省电模式: 

iwconfig wlan0 power off

7 Debian系统的使用

7.1 连接无线网络

以下针对接了HDMI 或者LCD屏的用户：

在Debian的图形界面上，点击右下角的网络图标，程序会自动搜索到附近的WiFi热点，找到你需要连接的热点，点击旁边的Properties按钮，输入WiFi密码后保存退出，再点击Connect按钮即可。

以下内容仅适用于祼板运行的用户，即没有接LCD屏也没有接HDMI（使用 -wifiap.img 后辍的固件)

系统默认处于无线热点模式，因此无法搜索和连接到无线路由器，需要先退出无线执点模式才可以，请按照如下步骤操作：

第一步：我们先把要连接的无线路由器配置好，方法如下：
使用ssh连接NanoPi2，输入以下命令查询一下WiFi的网络接口，wlan开头的就是WiFi: 

ifconfig -a

默认情况下是wlan0，你需要在/etc/network/interfaces.d/目录下新建一个与网络接口同名的配置文件 ，以wlan0为例，用vi命令新建以下文件： 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

wlan0文件的内容如下： 

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver nl80211
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

其中，YourWiFiESSID和YourWiFiPassword请替换成你要连接的无线AP名称和密码。

如果你的WiFi密码中有特殊字符，或者你不希望明文存放密码，你可以使用wpa_passphrase命令为WiFi密码生成一个密钥(psk)，用密钥来代替密码 ，在NanoPi2命令行下，可输入以下命令生成密钥: 

wpa_passphrase YourWiFiESSID

在提示输入密码时，输入你的WiFi密码，然后就会得到类拟以下的内容，其中psk=后面的一串字符就是WiFi的密钥： 

network={
        ssid="YourWiFiESSID"
        #psk="YourWiFiPassword"
        psk=1b66ca678d6f439f7360686ff5eeb7519cdc44b76a40d96515e4eb807a6d408b
}

最后，我们将上个步骤中生成的密钥替换掉wlan0文件中的密码，如下所示： 

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver nl80211
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-psk 1b66ca678d6f439f7360686ff5eeb7519cdc44b76a40d96515e4eb807a6d408b

最后一步，使用以下命令退出无线热点模式，需要使用root用户操作，turn-wifi-into-apmode在执行后会重启设备，重启后，会根据上面的配置，自动连接WIFI： 

su
turn-wifi-into-apmode no

7.2 配置Wi-Fi无线热点

可以通过以下命令，将Wi-Fi切换至无线热点模式：

turn-wifi-into-apmode yes

按提示重启即可，默认的热点名称为 nanopi2-wifiap，密码为123456789。

现在，你可以在电脑上搜索并连接nanopi2-wifiap这个无线热点，连接成功后，可以通过ssh到192.168.8.1这个地址来登录NanoPi2: 

ssh root@192.168.8.1

在提示输入密码时，输入预设的密码fa，即可登入。

为了保证ssh的流畅，我们用以下命令关闭wifi的省电模式: 

iwconfig wlan0 power off

WiFi工作模式可通过以下命令查询：

cat /sys/module/bcmdhd/parameters/op_mode

输出为数字2则表示当前处于无线热点模式，要切换回普通的Station模式，输入如下命令：

turn-wifi-into-apmode no

7.3 使用蓝牙传输

点击右下角的蓝牙图标，会弹出一个操作菜单，其中，
Make discoverable菜单项是打开NanoPi2蓝牙的可发现属性，这样其他设备（例如手机）就可以搜索到NanoPi2并进行配对了;
Devices... 菜单项可以打开搜索界面，主动搜索周边的蓝牙设备（注：需要这个设备先打开可发现属性）；
Send Files to Device...菜单项则可以通过蓝牙发送文件到已配对的指定设备上。

7.4 安装Debian软件包

我们提供的是标准的Debian jessie系统，你可以使用apt-get等命令来安装软件包，如果板子是首次运行，需要先用以下命令更新软件包列表： 

apt-get update

然后就可以安装软件包了，例如要安装ftp服务器，使用以下命令： 

apt-get install vsftpd

如果软件包下载速度不理想，你可以编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 更换一个更快的源服务器，这个网址[2]有一份完整的源镜像服务器列表，注意要选用一个带armhf架构的。


8 如何编译系统

8.1 安装交叉编译器

首先下载并解压编译器: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

然后将编译器的路径加入到PATH中，用vi编辑vi ~/.bashrc，在末尾加入以下内容： 

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

执行一下~/.bashrc脚本让设置立即在当前shell窗口中生效，注意"."后面有个空格： 

. ~/.bashrc

这个编译器是64位的，不能在32位的Linux系统上运行，安装完成后，你可以快速的验证是否安装成功： 

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

8.2 编译U-Boot

下载U-Boot源代码并编译，注意分支是nanopi2-lollipop-mr1: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi2.git
cd uboot_nanopi2
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
make s5p4418_nanopi2_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-

编译成功结束后您将获得u-boot.bin，您可以通过fastboot来更新正在运行的NanoPi2板上SD的U-Boot，方法如下：
1) 在电脑上先用命令 sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot 安装 fastboot 工具;
2) 用串口配件连接NanoPi2和电脑，在上电启动的2秒内，在串口终端上按下回车，进入 u-boot 的命令行模式；
3) 在u-boot 命令行模式下输入命令 fastboot 回车，进入 fastboot 模式；
4) 用microUSB线连接NanoPi2和电脑，在电脑上输入以下命令烧写u-boot.bin:

fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.bin


注意：您不能直接使用dd来更新SD卡，否则有可能会导致无法正常启动。

8.3 准备mkimage

编译内核需要用到U-Boot中的工具mkimage，因此，在编译内核uImage前，您需要保证您的主机环境可以成功运行它。
你可以直接使用命令 sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools 来安装，也可以自己编译并安装： 

cd uboot_nanopi2
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- tools
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin && sudo cp -v tools/mkimage /usr/local/sbin

8.4 编译Linux kernel

8.4.1 编译内核

  • 下载内核源代码
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git
cd linux-3.4.y
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1

NanoPi2内核所属的分支是nanopi2-lollipop-mr1，在开始编译前先切换分支。

  • 编译Android内核
make nanopi2_android_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage
  • 编译Debian内核
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

编译成功结束后，新生成的内核烧写文件为 arch/arm/boot/uImage，此内核支持HDMI 720p输出，用于替换掉SD卡boot分区下的uImage.hdmi。
如果要支持HDMI 1080p，则需要修改内核配置： 

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [ ] LCD
        [*] HDMI
        (0)   Display In  [0=Display 0, 1=Display 1]
              Resolution (1920 * 1080p)  --->
make uImage

启用LCD，同时取消HDMI，然后退出并保存配置，编译后即可获得支持LCD显示的uImage，用于替换SD卡boot分区下的uImage。

8.4.2 编译内核模块

Android包含内核模块，位于system分区的 /lib/modules/ 下，如果您有新的内核模块或者内核配置有变化，则需要重新编译。
首先编译内核源代码中的模块： 

cd linux-3.4.y
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- modules

另外有2个内核模块的源代码位于Android源代码中，可使用以下命令来编译： 

cd /opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android
./vendor/friendly-arm/build/common/build-modules.sh

其中 “/opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android” 是指Android源代码的TOP目录，使用参数“-h”可查看帮助。
编译成功结束后，会显示生成的内核模块。

8.5 编译Android

  • 搭建编译环境

搭建编译Android的环境建议使用64位的Ubuntu 14.04，安装需要的包即可。 

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom

更多说明可查看 https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

  • 下载源代码

Android源代码的下载需要使用repo，其安装和使用请查看 https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html 。 

mkdir android && cd android
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/android_manifest.git -b nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
repo sync

其中“android”是指工作目录。

  • 编译系统
source build/envsetup.sh
lunch aosp_nanopi2-userdebug
make -j8

编译成功完成后，目录 out/target/product/nanopi2/ 下包含可用于烧写的image文件。

9 扩展连接

9.1 Smart4418连接USB(FA-CAM202)200万摄像头模块

  • Smart4418使用Debian系统，假设你已接好LCD屏或者HDMI，进入系统后，点击左下角的菜单键“Other”-->xawtv9，打开USB Camera软件。进入“welcome to xawtv！”，选择OK即可进行拍照。

USB camera USB camera-01

9.2 Smart4418连接CMOS 500万摄像头模块

  • Smart4418使用Android5.1系统，假设你已经接好LCD屏或者HDMI，进入系统后，直接点击“camera”图标，即可打开摄像头进行拍照。

CMOS camera

9.3 Smart4418接USB摄像头使用OpenCV

  • OpenCV的全称是Open Source Computer Vision Library，是一个跨平台的计算机视觉库。
  • Smart4418跑Debian系统时，接USB Camera，可直接使用官方的OpenCV。

1、以下介绍的是Smart4418用C++使用的OpenCV：

  • 首先需要保证你的Smart4418能连外网，假如你有串口，直接串口登陆超级终端（或者ssh登陆）。进入系统后，输入用户名（root），密码（fa）登陆；
  • 以下命令在超级终端执行：


apt-get update
apt-get install libcv-dev libopencv-dev

2、Smart4418烧写Debian系统启动后，接上USB Camera，使用Debian系统自带的摄像头软件测试，确定摄像头能正常使用。
3、通过终端执行命令，查看你的摄像头设备： 

ls /dev/video*
  • 注：video9 是你的USB摄像头设备（注：video0到8均被其它设备占用了）

4、opencv的测试代码（官方C++示例代码）在 /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo, 使用以下命令即可编译： 

cd /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo
make

编译成功后，得到可执行文件demo

5、这里特别说明：目前Smart4418的内核注册了9个video设备，而opencv的官方源码定义了最多只能使用8个Camera，所以这里需要删掉一个暂时没用到的video，我们把video0设备删掉： 

rm /dev/video0
mv /dev/video9 /dev/video0

6、以下步骤需要在Smart4418上接上键盘执行： 

./demo

你便可以看到opencv已经用起来。

10 Smart4418 扩展TF卡分区

10.1 Smart4418 Debian系统扩展TF卡分区

  • Debian扩展分区，要在pc上执行下列操作：
sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 2 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx2
  • Android扩展分区，要在pc上执行下列操作：
sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 4 100 resizepart 7 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx7

(注：/dev/sdx请替换为实际的SD卡设备文件名)

11 资源链接

Smart4418原理图PDF
尺寸(Smart4418-1512-Dimension(dxf).zip)
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