NanoPi S2

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

The NanoPi S2(S2) is is designed and developed by FriendlyElec for professionals, enterprise users, makers and hobbyists. It is a small board with WiFi, Bluetooth and eMMC.
It uses the Samsung Quad Core Cortex-A9 S5P4418 SoC with dynamic frequency scaling up to 1.4GHz. It has 1G DDR3 RAM, 802.11 b/g/n WiFi & Bluetooth 4.0 module. Its in-built power management unit uses the AXP228 chip which supports software shutdown. It takes power over the MicroUSB port. It has video input/output interface, 3.5mm audio jack, USB port and MicroSD card slot, serial debug port and ADC pin-header.
An Android and a Debian images are ready for the NanoPi S2. The Android OS supports HDMI and LCD output.
The NanoPi S2 has various IO ports which are compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIOs. Its PCB dimension is 40 * 75 mm. The NanoPi S2 works with most of the modules and OS images that are developed for FriendlyElec's S5P4418 based boards.

2 Specifications

CPU: S5P4418, dynamic frequency from 400Mhz to 1.4GHz
PMU Power Management Unit: AXP228. It supports software shutdown and wake-up functions.
DDR3 RAM: 1GB
eMMC: 8GB
Wireless：802.11 b/g/s
Bluetooth：4.0 dual mode
MicroSD Slot：x1
Audio: 3.5mm jack/Via HDMI
Microphone: Onboard microphone
USB Host: 1 x USB 2.0 Host Micro USB: 1 x USB 2.0 Client
LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch 45-pin SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
HDMI: microHDMI,1080P60 output
DVP Camera Interface: 0.5mm pitch 24-pin FPC socket.
LVDS：2.0mm pitch 20-Pin header
GPIO1: 2.54mm pitch 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, PWM, IO and etc
ADC: onboard ADC pin header
Serial Debug Port:2.54mm pitch 4-Pin header
Antenna Interface: IPX
User Key: 1 x Power , 1 x Reset
LED: 1 x Power LED, 1 x System LED
RTC: RTC Pins
PCB Size(mm): 64 x 56, 6 layer， ENIG
Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
OS/Software: u-boot, Android5.1, Debian8

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi S2 Layout

GPIO1 Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	SYS_3.3V	2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA	4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL	6	DGND
7	GPIOD8/PPM	8	UART3_TXD/GPIOD21
9	DGND	10	UART3_RXD/GPIOD17
11	UART4_TX/GPIOB29	12	GPIOD1/PWM0
13	GPIOB30	14	DGND
15	GPIOB31	16	GPIOC14/PWM2
17	SYS_3.3V	18	GPIOB27
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC31	20	DGND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOD0	22	UART4_RX/GPIOB28
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC29	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC30
25	DGND	26	GPIOB26
27	I2C1_SDA	28	I2C1_SCL
29	GPIOC8	30	DGND
31	GPIOC7	32	GPIOC28
33	GPIOC13/PWM1	34	DGND
35	SPI2_MISO/GPIOC11	36	SPI2_CS/GPIOC10
37	AliveGPIO3	38	SPI2_MOSI/GPIOC12
39	DGND	40	SPI2_CLK/GPIOC9

The above pin description is different from that of the NanoPi 2. Here is a comparison table:40 pins GPIO comparison table

Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	DGND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0
4	UART_RXD0

DVP Camera Interface Pin Description

Pin#	Name
1, 2	SYS_3.3V
7,9,13,15,24	DGND
3	I2C0_SCL
4	I2C0_SDA
5	GPIOB14
6	GPIOB16
8,10	NC
11	VSYNC
12	HREF
14	PCLK
16-23	Data bit7-0

RGB LCD Interface Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Description
1, 2	VDD_5V	5V Output, it can be used to power LCD modules
11，20，29, 37，38，39，40, 45	DGND	Ground
3-10	Blue LSB to MSB	RGB blue
12-19	Green LSB to MSB	RGB green
21-28	Red LSB to MSB	RGB red
30	GPIOB25	available for users
31	GPIOC15	occupied by FriendlyARM one wire technology to recognize LCD models and control backlight and implement resistive touch, not applicable for users
32	XnRSTOUT Form CPU	low when system is reset
33	VDEN	signal the external LCD that data is valid on the data bus
34	VSYNC	vertical synchronization
35	HSYNC	horizontal synchronization
36	LCDCLK	LCD clock, Pixel frequency
41	I2C2_SCL	I2C2 clock signal, for capacitive touch data transmission
42	I2C2_SDA	I2C2 data signal, for capacitive touch data transmission
43	GPIOC16	interrupt pin for capacitive touch, used with I2C2
44	NC	Not connected

Notes

SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
VDD_5V: 5V power output5V. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device.The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
All pins are 3.3V, output current is 5mA
GPIO1' pin description is different from that of the NanoPi 2. Here is a comparison table40 pins GPIO comparison table
For more details refer to the document:[]

3.2 Board Dimension

For more details please refer to the document:NanoPi-S2-1609-dimensions

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi S2 get the following items ready

NanoPi S2
MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
A DC 5V/2A power is a must
HDMI monitor or LCD
USB keyboard, mouse and possible a USB hub(or a TTL to serial board)
A host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Card We Tested

To make your NanoPi S2 boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card：

4.3 Make an Installation MicroSD Card

4.3.1 Under Windows

Please get the following files from here download link to download image files

Get a 4G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary

FriendlyARM migrated both Android 5.1 and Android 4.4 to the NanoPi S2. Android 4.4 includes features that professional users usually need: 4G, Ethernet configuration and etc.

For LCD or HDMI output please use the following files:
nanopi2-debian-sd4g.img.zip	Debian image file
nanopi2-android-sd4g.img.zip	Android5.1 image file
s5p4418-kitkat-sd4g-20160803.img.zip	Android4.4 image file
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

Uncompress these files. Insert an SD card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
Insert this card into your NanoPi S2's boot slot, press and hold the boot key and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your NanoPi S2 has successfully booted.

4.3.2 Under Linux Desktop

1) Insert your microSD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions".

2) Download Flashing Script

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi2.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi2

3) Flash Android Firmware to MicroSD Card

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system) When you do “git clone” you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds after it prompts you to download image files otherwise you will miss the download.

4) Flash Debian Firmware to MicroSD Card

./fusing.sh /dev/sdx debian

4.3.3 Flash image to eMMC with eflasher

Download eflasher

Get the eflasher utility s5p4418-eflasher-sd8g-xxx-full.img.7z
This package includes a Ubuntu Core, Debian, Android 5 and Android 4.4 image files;
Get the Windows utility: win32diskimager.rar;

Flash eflasher Image

Extract the .7z package and you will get .img files.Insert an SD card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
If your PC runs Linux you can use the dd command to flash a .img file to the SD card;

Flash image to eMMC

Insert this card into your NanoPi S2, connect the board to an HDMI monitor or an LCD, press and hold the boot key and power on (with a 5V/2A power source) the board. After your board is powered on you will see multiple OS options and you can select an OS to start installation.

4.3.4 Extend NanoPi S2's TF Card Section

When Debian/Ubuntu is loaded the SD card's section will be automatically extended.
When Android is loaded you need to run the following commands on your host PC to extend your SD card's section:

sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 4 100 resizepart 7 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx7

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

4.3.5 LCD/HDMI Resolution

When the system boots our uboot will check whether it is connected to an LCD or to an HDMI monitor. If it recognizes an LCD it will configure its resolution. Our uboot defaults to the HDMI 720P configuration.
If you want to modify the LCD resolution you can modify file "arch/arm/plat-s5p4418/nanopi2/lcds.c" in the kernel and recompile it.
If your NanoPi S2 is connected to an HDMI monitor and it runs Android it will automatically set the resolution to an appropriate HDMI mode by checking the "EDID". If your NanoPi S2 is connected to an HDMI monitor and it runs Debian by default it will set the resolution to the HDMI 720P configuration. If you want to modify the HDMI resolution to 1080P modify your kernel's configuration as explained above.

4.4 Update Image Files in SD Card From PC Host

If you want to make some changes to the image files in your SD card follow the steps below otherwise you can skip this section.
Insert your SD card into a host PC running Linux, mount the boot and rootfs sections of the SD card and follow the steps below:
1) If you want to change your kernel command line parameters you can do it via the fw_setevn utility under "sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools".
Check the current Command Line:

cd sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools
./fw_printenv /dev/sdc | grep bootargs

Android 5.1.1_r6 starts SELinux. By default it is enforcing. You can change it this way:

./fw_setenv /dev/sdc bootargs XXX androidboot.selinux=permissive

This sets it to "permissive". The "XXX" stands for the original bootargs' value.

2) Update Kernel
Our customized uboot will check the LCD type when it boots.
For a non-Android OS if it recognizes that an LCD is connected to the NanoPi S2 it will load "uImage" from "boot" otherwise it will load "uImage.hdmi".
For Android it doesn't make any difference which display device is detected. You can use your generated uImage to replace the existing one under "boot".
For Debian if your generated kernel is for an LCD you need to replace the existing uImage or if your kernel is for an HDMI monitor you need to replace the existing uImage.hdmi.

4.5 运行Android或Debian

将制作好microSD卡插入NanoPi S2，连接HDMI，最后连接电源(5V 2A)，NanoPi S2会上电自动开机，看到板上的蓝色LED闪烁，这说明系统已经开始启动了，同时电视上也将能看到系统启动的画面。

1）要在电视上进行操作，你需要连接USB鼠标和键盘；如果你选购了LCD配件，则可以直接使用LCD上面的触摸屏进行操作。
2）如果您需要进行内核开发，你最好选购一个串口配件，连接了串口，则可以通过终端对NanoPi S2进行操作。

以下是串口的接法，假如你已经拿到串口，则可直接串口供电，不需要再通过microUSB供电，接上串口，即可调试：

NanoPi S2-PSU-ONECOM

如果提示输入密码，Debian的root用户的默认密码是两个字母fa。

4.6 通过VNC和ssh登录Debian

如果你是祼板运行系统（既没有连接LCD也没有连接HDMI），你可以使用手机或电脑到这里下载并安装一个名为VNC Viewer的软件，用VNC连接到NanoPi S2，默认密码为：fa123456 。
以下是在iPhone上用VNC登录NanoPi S2的画面：

你也可以通过 ssh -l root 192.168.8.1 命令在终端上登录，默认的root用户密码是 fa 。

5 Debian系统的使用

5.1 连接有线网络

NanoPi S2在加电开机前如果已正确的连接网线，则系统启动时会自动获取IP地址，如果没有连接网线、没有DHCP服务或是其它网络问题，则会导致获取IP地址失败，同时系统启动会因此等待约15~60秒的时间。

1) 配置MAC地址

板子没有提供有效的Ethernet的MAC地址，系统在连接网络时会自动生成一个随机的MAC地址，您可以修改 /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0 ，配置一个固定的MAC地址：

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

以下是配置文件的具体内容：

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress 76:92:d4:85:f3:0f

其中"hwaddress" 就是用来指定MAC地址，"76:92:d4:85:f3:0f"是一个随机生成的地址，为防止冲突导致网络问题，请修改为一个不同的且有效的地址。
需要注意的一点是，MAC地址必须符合IEEE的规则，请不要随意指定，否则会出现无法获取IP地址、无法上网等问题。修改完配置文件并保存后，可重启板子或直接下列命令重启网络服务：

systemctl restart networking

5.2 安装Debian软件包

我们提供的是标准的Debian jessie系统，你可以使用apt-get等命令来安装软件包，如果板子是首次运行，需要先用以下命令更新软件包列表：

apt-get update

然后就可以安装软件包了，例如要安装ftp服务器，使用以下命令：

apt-get install vsftpd

如果软件包下载速度不理想，你可以编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 更换一个更快的源服务器，这个网址[1]有一份完整的源镜像服务器列表，注意要选用一个带armhf架构的。

6 如何编译系统

6.1 安装交叉编译器

首先下载并解压编译器:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

然后将编译器的路径加入到PATH中，用vi编辑vi ~/.bashrc，在末尾加入以下内容：

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

执行一下~/.bashrc脚本让设置立即在当前shell窗口中生效，注意"."后面有个空格：

. ~/.bashrc

这个编译器是64位的，不能在32位的Linux系统上运行，安装完成后，你可以快速的验证是否安装成功：

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

6.2 编译U-Boot

下载U-Boot源代码并编译，注意分支是nanopi2-lollipop-mr1:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi2.git
cd uboot_nanopi2
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
make s5p4418_nanopi2_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-

编译成功结束后您将获得u-boot.bin，您可以通过fastboot来更新正在运行的NanoPi S2板上SD的U-Boot，方法如下：
1) 在电脑上先用命令 sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot 安装 fastboot 工具;
2) 用串口配件连接NanoPi S2和电脑，在上电启动的2秒内，在串口终端上按下回车，进入 u-boot 的命令行模式；
3) 在u-boot 命令行模式下输入命令 fastboot 回车，进入 fastboot 模式；
4) 用microUSB线连接NanoPi S2和电脑，在电脑上输入以下命令烧写u-boot.bin:

fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.bin

注意：不建议直接使用dd来更新SD卡，否则有可能会导致无法正常启动。

6.3 准备mkimage

编译内核需要用到U-Boot中的工具mkimage，因此，在编译内核uImage前，您需要保证您的主机环境可以成功运行它。
你可以直接使用命令 sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools 来安装，也可以自己编译并安装：

cd uboot_nanopi2
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- tools
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin && sudo cp -v tools/mkimage /usr/local/sbin

6.4 编译Linux kernel

6.4.1 编译内核

下载内核源代码

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git
cd linux-3.4.y
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1

NanoPi2内核所属的分支是nanopi2-lollipop-mr1，在开始编译前先切换分支。

编译Android内核

make nanopi2_android_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

编译Debian内核

make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

编译成功结束后，新生成的内核烧写文件为 arch/arm/boot/uImage，此内核支持HDMI 720p输出，用于替换掉SD卡boot分区下的uImage.hdmi。
如果要支持HDMI 1080p，则需要修改内核配置：

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [ ] LCD
        [*] HDMI
        (0)   Display In  [0=Display 0, 1=Display 1]
              Resolution (1920 * 1080p)  --->
make uImage

使用新生成的uImage替换掉SD卡boot分区下的uImage.hdmi即可获得HDMI 1080p输出。
如果要编译支持LCD显示的内核，则需要修改内核配置：

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [*] LCD
        [ ] HDMI
make uImage

启用LCD，同时取消HDMI，然后退出并保存配置，编译后即可获得支持LCD显示的uImage，用于替换SD卡boot分区下的uImage。

6.4.2 编译内核模块

Android包含内核模块，位于system分区的 /lib/modules/ 下，如果您有新的内核模块或者内核配置有变化，则需要重新编译。
首先编译内核源代码中的模块：

cd linux-3.4.y
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- modules

另外有2个内核模块的源代码位于Android源代码中，可使用以下命令来编译：

cd /opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android
./vendor/friendly-arm/build/common/build-modules.sh

其中 “/opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android” 是指Android源代码的TOP目录，使用参数“-h”可查看帮助。
编译成功结束后，会显示生成的内核模块。

6.5 编译Android

搭建编译环境

搭建编译Android的环境建议使用64位的Ubuntu 14.04，安装需要的包即可。

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom

更多说明可查看 https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

下载源代码

Android源代码的下载需要使用repo，其安装和使用请查看 https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html 。

mkdir android && cd android
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/android_manifest.git -b nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
repo sync

其中“android”是指工作目录。

编译系统

source build/envsetup.sh
lunch aosp_nanopi2-userdebug
make -j8

编译成功完成后，目录 out/target/product/nanopi2/ 下包含可用于烧写的image文件。

filename	partition	Description
boot.img	boot	-
cache.img	cache	-
userdata.img	userdata	-
system.img	system	-
partmap.txt	-	分区描述文件

烧写到SD卡

如果是采用SD卡启动Android，可复制编译生成的image文件到sd-fuse_nanopi2/android/ 下，使用脚本即可烧到到SD卡，具体请查看#在Linux Desktop下通过脚本制作。

7 源代码和固件下载链接

烧写固件下载链接：[2]
源代码下载链接：[3]

8 资源链接

《创客秘籍》创客秘籍
《创客秘籍-02》创客秘籍-02
《创客秘籍-03》创客秘籍-03
Schematic (NanoPi-S2-1609-Schematic)
S5P4418 Datasheet (S5P4418_Datasheet_0.1.pdf)
模块介绍以及开发文档：