Difference between revisions of "NanoPi"

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[[File:NanoPi-A01.png|thumb|Front]]
 
[[File:NanoPi-A01.png|thumb|Front]]
 
[[File:NanoPi-B01.png|thumb|Back]]
 
[[File:NanoPi-B01.png|thumb|Back]]
The NanoPi is a low power consumption, Samsung S3C2451 based ARM SOC that FriendlyARM developed for Linux hackers, Hobby makers and hobbyists. Its size is only half of the Raspberry Pi(RPi) and its GPIO pin is compatible with the RPi’s. The NanoPi integrates both the WiFi and Bluetooth 4.0,and has MiPi sockets for cameras and LCDs. It is easy to run and install Linux/Debian from a TF card. These features make it a good platform for applications in IOT, unmanned vehicles, drones and intelligent devices.
+
The NanoPi is a low power consumption, Samsung S3C2451 based ARM SOC that FriendlyARM developed for Linux hackers, makers and hobbyists. Its size is only half of the Raspberry Pi(RPi) and its GPIO pin is compatible with the RPi’s. The NanoPi integrates both the WiFi and Bluetooth 4.0. It has a DVP camera interface and full color LCD interface. It boots Linux/Debian quickly from a TF card. These features make it a good platform for applications in IOT, unmanned vehicles, robotics, image processing and human machine interaction.
  
 
==Hardware Features==
 
==Hardware Features==
Line 14: Line 14:
 
* microSD Slot x1
 
* microSD Slot x1
 
* microUSB x1: for power and data transmission. It can be configured as a serial port or Ethernet
 
* microUSB x1: for power and data transmission. It can be configured as a serial port or Ethernet
* LCD Interface: 0.5mm spacing FPC socket, full color LCD (RGB:8-8-8)
+
* LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
 
* DVP Camera interface:0.5mm spacing FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
 
* DVP Camera interface:0.5mm spacing FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
 
* GPIO1: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
 
* GPIO1: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
Line 20: Line 20:
 
* PCB dimension: 75 x 30 mm
 
* PCB dimension: 75 x 30 mm
 
* Power: DC 5V
 
* Power: DC 5V
* Bootloader and OS: u-boot, Linux-4.1 and Debian
+
* Bootloader and OS: u-boot, Linux-4.1, Debian8 jessie, Rabbit linux
  
 
==Diagram, Layout and Dimension==
 
==Diagram, Layout and Dimension==
 
===Layout===
 
===Layout===
[[File:NanoPi-1506-IF.png |thumb|400px|NanoPi Layout]]
+
[[File:NanoPi-1506-IF.png |thumb|300px|NanoPi Layout]]
 
* GPIO1 Pin Spec
 
* GPIO1 Pin Spec
 
::[[File:NanoPiGPIOHeader.png | frameless|400px|NanoPi GPIO Header ]]
 
::[[File:NanoPiGPIOHeader.png | frameless|400px|NanoPi GPIO Header ]]
Line 124: Line 124:
  
 
===Board Dimension===
 
===Board Dimension===
[[File:NanoPi-1507-dimensions.png|frameless|600px|NanoPi 机械尺寸]]
+
[[File:NanoPi-1507-dimensions.png|frameless|500px|NanoPi 机械尺寸]]
  
::3. For more details please refer to the document:[http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/3/37/NanoPi-1507-Dimesions%28dxf%29.zip NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip ]
+
:: For more details please refer to the document:[http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/3/37/NanoPi-1507-Dimesions%28dxf%29.zip NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip ]
  
 
==Get Started==
 
==Get Started==
===Stuff You Need===
+
===Essentials You Need===
 
Before play with your NanoPi please get the following items ready
 
Before play with your NanoPi please get the following items ready
 
* NanoPi  
 
* NanoPi  
* microSD card/TF card: > 64M
+
* Class 8, microSD card/TF card: >= 4GB
 
* microUSB cable
 
* microUSB cable
* a Host running Linux and connected to the internet
+
* a Host running Ubuntu and connected to the internet
  
===制作一张带运行系统的microSD卡===
+
===Make an Installation MicroSD Card===
* 1) 将microSD插入Ubuntu的电脑,用以下命令查看你的SD卡设备名
+
* 1) Insert your microSD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
dmesg | tail
 
dmesg | tail
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
当dmesg输出类拟信息 sdc: sdc1 sdc2时,则表示SD卡对应的设备名为 /dev/sdc,也通过用命令cat /proc/partitions来查看。
+
Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions".
  
*2) 下载固件并制作microSD卡
+
*2) Flash Firmware to MicroSD Card
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
Line 150: Line 150:
 
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx
 
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
(注:/dev/sdx请替换为实际的SD卡设备文件名)
+
(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)
 +
<br/><br/>
 +
If you cannot get these files from github you can get them from our source: [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/NanoPi/download/sd-fuse_nanopi.tgz].<br/>
 +
If you have problems with using the "fusing.sh" script you can download our "NanoPi-fuser-win32.zip" and use it to make your SD card in Windows. Here is the download:[http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/NanoPi/download/NanoPi-fuser-win32.zip].<br/>
  
===运行系统===
+
===Run System===
将制作好的microSD卡插入NanoPi,使用microUSB线连接电脑,NanoPi会上电自动开机,看到板上的蓝色LED闪烁,这说明系统已经开始正常运行了。
+
Insert this MicroSD card to your NanoPi, connect it to a PC via a MicroUSB cable the NanoPi will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is running now. By default we install Debian. It would be better if you connect your NanoPi to an LCD since this helps you set up your NanoPi more easily and conveniently.
  
===通过microUSB登陆NanoPi===
+
[[File:DebianJessie.png|frameless|400px|Debian8 Jessie]]
用microUSB线将NanoPi连接到电脑后,在电脑上敲入dmesg命令,看到以下输出信息表示连接成功:
+
 
 +
===Log on NanoPi via MicroUSB===
 +
After connecting your NanoPi to you PC host (running Ubuntu) please type "dmesg" in your PC's command line. If you can find the following messages it means your NanoPi is correctly connected to your host and runs well:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
[12601.100339] usb 2-1.7: Product: FriendlyARM Gadget v2.4
 
[12601.100339] usb 2-1.7: Product: FriendlyARM Gadget v2.4
Line 165: Line 170:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
在电脑上输入ifconfig命令,可以看到多了一个usb0的网络设备,这时可以通过ssh到192.168.100.1这个地址来登录NanoPi:
+
If you command "ifconfig" and find a "usb0" device you can SSH to 192.168.100.1 to log on your NanoPi:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
ssh root@192.168.100.1
 
ssh root@192.168.100.1
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
在提示输入密码时,输入预设的密码fa,即可登入。
+
After it prompts you to input your password you can try "fa"
  
===配置使用Wi-Fi===
+
===Setup Wi-Fi===
  
使用ssh连接NanoPi,输出以下命令配置WiFi:
+
After SSH to your NanoPi please check the WiFi interface first. The "wlan" device is WiFi.
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
ifconfig -a
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
By default the WiFi device is "wlan0". You need to create a configuration file under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/" for WiFi:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Here is a sample wlan0 file:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
auto lo
 +
iface lo inet loopback
 +
auto wlan0
 +
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
 +
wpa-driver wext
 +
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
 +
wpa-ap-scan 1
 +
wpa-proto RSN
 +
wpa-pairwise CCMP
 +
wpa-group CCMP
 +
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
 +
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Please replace "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" with your WiFiESSID and password. After save and close the file you can connect to your WiFi source by running the following command:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
/etc/init.d/networking restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
After you power on your board it will automatically connect to your WiFi source.<br />
 +
Please note that if you use one TF card to boot multiple boards the WiFi device name will likely be named to "wlan1", "wlan2" and etc. You can reset it to "wlan0" by deleting the contents of the following file and reboot your board:
 +
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
 +
 
 +
[[File:nanopi-ssh-via-wifi.png|frameless|400px|SSH connected to NanoPi over WiFi]]
 +
 
 +
===Setup Wi-Fi AP===
 +
 
 +
By default a NanoPi is set to a WiFi AP. The default AP name is "nanopi-wifiap" and the password is "123456789".<br />
 +
<br />
 +
The WiFi's working mode can be checked by running the following command:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
cat /sys/module/bcmdhd/parameters/op_mode
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
If the result is "2" it means it is currently working as a WiFi AP.<br />
 +
<br />
 +
If the board is not working as a WiFi AP you can set it by running the following commands:<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
turn-wifi-into-apmode yes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<br />
 +
The WiFi AP's name and password can be configured by editing the file "/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf".
 +
 
 +
<!-- comments
 +
The steps above are for Debian. For Rabbit you can run the following commands:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
wpa_passphrase YourWiFiESSID 'YourWiFiPassword' >> /etc/wpa.conf
 
wpa_passphrase YourWiFiESSID 'YourWiFiPassword' >> /etc/wpa.conf
 
wpa_cli -iwlan0 reconfigure
 
wpa_cli -iwlan0 reconfigure
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
其中,YourWiFiESSID和YourWiFiPassword请替换成你要连接的无线AP名称和密码,
 
以后每次开机,都会自动连接该WiFi,你可以通过编辑 /etc/wpa.conf 调整无线AP的设置,
 
默认是通过dhcp的方式获得IP地址,如果你想更改成静态设置IP地址,可编辑 /usr/sbin/wpa_action,将其中的udhcpc调用改成使用ifconfig命令来设置。
 
  
====扫描无线AP====
+
 
用以下命令搜索周边的无线AP:
+
====Scan Wireless AP====
 +
You can scan your surrounding wireless APs by running the following commands:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
wpa_cli -iwlan0 scan
 
wpa_cli -iwlan0 scan
 
wpa_cli -iwlan0 scan_result
 
wpa_cli -iwlan0 scan_result
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
-->
  
 
<!-- comments
 
<!-- comments
===配置使用蓝牙===
+
===Setup Bluetooth===
 
-->
 
-->
  
==如何编译系统==
+
===Bluetooth===
 +
In our Debian Jessie we include bluetooth packages: bluetooth, bluez, obexftp and etc<br />
 +
We will show how to transfer files between a NanoPi and a cellphone<br /><br />
 +
In this example we used an MX4 cellphone, enabled its bluetooth and made it searchable by other devices. Firstly we typed the following commands in the NanoPi to search its nearby bluetooth devices:<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
hcitool scan
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<br />
 +
Scanning ...<br />
 +
8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7            MX4<br />
 +
<br />
 +
The listed search result above indicated that our MX4 phone was found and its MAC was 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7. We ran "sdptool" to list all the protocols it supported:<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
sdptool browse 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
What we would like to test was its file transfer function therefore we must find out whether "OBEX File Transfer" was supported:<br />
 +
::Service Name: OBEX File Transfer<br />
 +
::Service RecHandle: 0x1000c<br />
 +
::Service Class ID List:<br />
 +
::  "OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)<br />
 +
::Protocol Descriptor List:<br />
 +
::  "L2CAP" (0x0100)<br />
 +
::  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)<br />
 +
::    Channel: 11<br />
 +
::  "OBEX" (0x0008)<br />
 +
::Language Base Attr List:<br />
 +
::  code_ISO639: 0x454e<br />
 +
::  encoding: 0x6a<br />
 +
::  base_offset: 0x100<br />
 +
::Profile Descriptor List:<br />
 +
::  "OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)<br />
 +
::    Version: 0x0100<br />
 +
Here we found out that "OBEX File Transfer" was supported and we could use "obexftp" to start our file transfers. The following commands listed all the files under the root directory of the phone:<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
obexftp -b 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 -c / -l   
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
The following commands downloaded "/Adnroid/djaof.dll" from the phone to the NanoPi:<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
obexftp -b 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 -c /Android -g djaof.dll
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
The following commands uploaded "hello.txt" from the NanoPi to the "/Android" directory of the phone<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
obexftp -b 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 -c /Android -p hello.txt
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<br />
 +
 
 +
===Setup iBeacon Transmitter===
 +
The iBeacon technology enables smartphones, tablets and other devices to perform actions when in close proximity to an iBeacon transmitter. Please run the following commands to setup a NanoPi to an iBeacon transmitter:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
hciconfig hci0 up
 +
hciconfig hci0 leadv 3
 +
hciconfig hci0 noscan
 +
hcitool -i hci0 cmd 0x08 0x0008 1E 02 01 1A 1A FF 4C 00 02 15 63 6F 3F 8F 64 91 4B EE 95 F7 D8 CC 64 A8 63 B5 00 00 00 00 C8
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
If this is setup correctly on a NanoPi it will broadcast its presence to nearby portable electronic devices. If a nearby Android device or iPhone has the "locate Beacon" application installed it will be able to measure the distance between itself to the NanoPi. If you want enable the indoor positioning function you will need to setup multiple iBeacon transmitters.
 +
 
 +
===Communicate with Cellphone via Bluetooth BLE===
 +
The function requires a BLE service be started on the NanoPi. <br />
 +
The BLE service's code is open source. Please follow the steps below to get it:<br />
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/ble-peripheral-service-demo.git
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Please run the following build.sh script which will generate a "nanopi_ble_server" executable if it is successful:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
./build.sh
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
We assume your cross compiler is installed at "/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.5.1/bin/arm-linux-gcc". If it is not installed under this directory you need to make changes in the script accordingly.<br />
 +
After a "nanopi_ble_server" is generated please copy it to the NanoPi and execute the following commands:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
hciconfig hci0 down
 +
service bluetooth stop
 +
chmod 755 nanopi_ble_server
 +
./nanopi_ble_server
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Now please install a BLE Scanner application on an Android phone or a Lightblue application on an iPhone which will be used to test the function.<br />
 +
We have an open source Android Demo on GitHub too,It is under "android/BLETest". This demo shows how a cellphone communicates(transmits data to/receives data from) with the NanoPi via BLE.<br />
 +
[[File:NanoBLEAndroidDemo.jpg|frameless|250px|NanoBLEAndroidDemo]]<br /><br />
 +
NanoPi's output messages are as follows:<br />
 +
[[File:NanoPiBLEServer.png|frameless|500px|NanoPiBLEServer]]
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
 +
 
 +
===Install Debian Packages===
 +
We provide a Debian Jessie image. You can install Jessie's packages by commanding "apt-get". If this is your first installation you need to update the package list by running the following command:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
apt-get update
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Or you can try a complete command set
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
apt-get update
 +
apt-get dist-upgrade
 +
apt-get autoremove
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
You can install your preferred packages. For example if you want to install an FTP server you can do this:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
apt-get install vsftpd
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Note: you can change your download server by editting "/etc/apt/sources.list". You can get a complete server list from [http://www.debian.org/mirror/list]. You need to select the one with "armel".
 +
 
 +
==Make OS Image==
  
===安装交叉编译器===
+
===Install Cross Compiler===
首先下载并解压编译器:
+
Download and untar cross compiler file:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
Line 202: Line 358:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
然后将编译器的路径加入到PATH中,用vi编辑vi ~/.bashrc,在末尾加入以下内容:
+
It will ease your future development work if you add compiler's path to "PATH". You can do it by first opening "~/.bashrc" and then appending the following lines:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/:$PATH
 
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/:$PATH
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
执行一下~/.bashrc脚本让设置立即在当前shell窗口中生效,注意"."后面有个空格:
+
Run "~/.bashrc" to make your changes in effect right away:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
. ~/.bashrc
 
. ~/.bashrc
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
===编译U-Boot===
+
We assume you would use a 32-bit compiler. However if your host runs a 64-bit Linux you need to install some extra packages. For example if your host runs a Debian 8 Jessie desktop 64 bit system you will need to install the following packages:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
dpkg --add-architecture i386
 +
apt-get update
 +
apt-get install build-essential gcc-multilib rpm libstdc++6:i386 libgcc1:i386 zlib1g:i386 libncurses5:i386
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
===Compile U-Boot===
  
下载U-Boot源代码并编译,注意分支是nanopi:
+
Download U-Boot source code and compile it. Please note it is in the branch "nanopi":
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi.git
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi.git
Line 223: Line 386:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
编译成功结束后您将获得u-boot.bin, 如果想马上就测试u-boot,可使用脚本fusing.sh烧写新的u-boot 到SD 卡。<br />
+
After your compilation succeeds a u-boot.bin will be generated. If you want to test it please flash it to your MicroSD card by running the "fusing.sh" script.<br />
假设您的 SD 卡对应设备名是/dev/sdd,以root运行以下命令:
+
If your SD card's device name is "/dev/sdd" please run the following command as "root":
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
su
 
su
 
./fusing.sh /dev/sdd
 
./fusing.sh /dev/sdd
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
注意:以上操作会破坏SD卡的数据,请先进行备份。
+
Note: this operation will remove all the data in the SD card.
  
===编译Linux kernel===
+
===Compile Linux kernel===
====编译内核====
+
====Compile Kernel====
下载内核源代码并编译
+
Please download kernel source code and compile it
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
Line 242: Line 405:
 
make
 
make
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
NanoPi内核所属的分支是nanopi-v4.1.y,在开始编译前先切换分支,编译成功结束后,新生成内核烧写文件为 arch/arm/boot/zImage
+
The kernel that the NanoPi uses is "nanopi-v4.1.y". Please make sure you get the correct branch. After your compilation succeeds a new file "arch/arm/boot/zImage" will be generated
  
====编译内核模块====
+
====Compile Kernel Modules====
目前的内核配置会编译生成内核模块,如ipv6、netfilter,通常在编译内核时,内核模块(.ko)已经编译,如果您有新的内核模块或者内核配置有变化,则需要编译安装内核模块并打包成 kernel-modules.tgz,然后替换Rootfs下的 basefs/kernel-modules.tgz。<br />
+
In general kernel compilation generates kernel modules such as ipv6, netfilter and etc. If you want to add your own  modules to the kernel or you changed your kernel configurations you need to recompile these new modules and pack them as a new "kernel-modules.tgz" to replace the corresponding file "basefs/kernel-modules.tgz" in "Rootfs"<br />
以root用户运行以下命令安装.ko到/tmp/nanopi-modules
+
please run the following commands as root to install ".ko" to /tmp/nanopi-modules:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/tmp/nanopi-modules modules_install
 
make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/tmp/nanopi-modules modules_install
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
接下来可对内核模块进行strip,然后创建压缩包。
+
Please strip your kernel modules and create a new package
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
cd /tmp/nanopi-modules/lib/
 
cd /tmp/nanopi-modules/lib/
Line 256: Line 419:
 
tar czvf kernel-modules.tgz modules/
 
tar czvf kernel-modules.tgz modules/
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
如果想测试新编译的内核模块,也可以解压压缩包或复制modules 到已制作好的能启动NanoPi的SD卡的rootfs下的/lib 目录。
+
If you want to test your newly generated kernel modules you can copy them to your MicroSD card's "rootfs/lib":
假设SD卡的rootfs已经mount到 /media/fa/NANOPI,以root 运行以下命令:
+
We assume your MicroSD card was already mounted to "/media/fa/NANOPI" please run the following commands as root:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
rm -rf /media/fa/NANOPI/lib/modules/
 
rm -rf /media/fa/NANOPI/lib/modules/
Line 263: Line 426:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
===编译制作文件系统===
+
===Make File System===
下面的命令将下载文件系统源码包并编译,注意需要在root用户下编译,可用su命令切换:
+
====File System for Debian====
 +
By default we install a Debian system to the NanoPi, which can be obtained from the following repository:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
 +
cd sd-fuse_nanopi/prebuilt/
 +
ls -l rootfs.tgz
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
If you want to customize it you can uncompress "rootfs.tgz", edit its components and tar it. Here is an example showing how you can do it:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
tar xzf rootfs.tgz
 +
dpkg -i --force-all --root=./rootfs /tmp/qtembedded-4.8.5_armel.deb
 +
tar czf rootfs.tgz rootfs
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
====File System for Rabbit Linux====
 +
Another Linux system we provide is Rabbit Linux which is open source. You can work on it as "root" by following the steps below:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rootfs_nanopi.git
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rootfs_nanopi.git
Line 273: Line 451:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
编译成功结束后,将看到以下信息:
+
If the compilation is successful you will observe the following messages:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
RootFS (core) successfully installed to:
 
RootFS (core) successfully installed to:
Line 281: Line 459:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
上面的信息提示我们编译生成的文件系统存放的位置为/tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi/rootfs,我们把它压缩成一个压缩包:
+
The information above indicates that the generated file system is located under "/tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi/rootfs". We will make it a package by running the following commands:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
cd /tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi
 
cd /tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi
Line 288: Line 466:
  
 
<div id="BuildMicroSDCard"></div>
 
<div id="BuildMicroSDCard"></div>
===使用自已编译的文件生成制作SD卡===
+
 
====重新制作SD卡系统====
+
===Make an Installation MicroSD Card with Your Own Files===
先下载SD卡烧写的工具包,并切换到相应master分支:
+
====Make Your Own System====
 +
Please download the SD card fuse utility and switch to the correct "master" branch:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
 
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
Line 297: Line 476:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
在sd-fuse_nanopi下有个prebuilt,用于存放SD系统运行所需的二进制文件: <br />
+
Under "sd-fuse_nanopi" there is a "prebuilt" which contains the files that a system needs: <br />
 
Bootloader: u-boot.bin  <br />
 
Bootloader: u-boot.bin  <br />
内核命令行参数: sdenv.raw <br />
+
Kernel Command Parameters: sdenv.raw <br />
Linux内核:zImage <br />
+
Linux Kernel: zImage <br />
文件系统压缩包: rootfs.tgz <br />
+
File System Package: rootfs.tgz <br />
  
你只需要将上面章节中编译生成的文件替换它们,就可以测试运行你所编译的系统了,替换文件后,在sd-fuse_nanopi目录下执行以下命令制作SD卡:
+
You can replace one or multiple of these files with the ones you generated on your own in the previous steps and then run the following command to flash them to your MicroSD card. Please note that you need to run these commands under the "sd-fuse_nanopi" directory.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
su
 
su
 
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx
 
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
(注:/dev/sdx请替换为实际的SD卡设备文件名)
+
(Note: please replace /dev/sdx with your SD card's device name)
  
烧写成功完成后,把SD卡放入NanoPi运行试试吧。
+
After it is done you can play with your new OS with this card.
  
====更新U-Boot环境变量====
+
====Change U-Boot Environment Variables====
制作好的SD启动NanoPi 后,如果通过串口在U-Boot命令模式下修改了环境变量,如bootargs,现在想要把这个修改后的环境用于制作其它新的SD卡,则需要把保存在卡的U-Boot环境变量数据读出来,替换掉prebuilt 下的 sdenv.raw,然后烧写新的SD卡即可。
+
After you boot your NanoPi you can check the U-Boot environment variables by running the following command:
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
fw_printenv bootargs
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
If you want to change variables (e.g. adding an LCD variable) you can do it this way:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
fw_setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init console=ttySAC0,115200 lcd=S70
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
If you want to port an existing SD card's all environment variables you can to insert it to a host and export its environment variables to a new sdenv.raw by running the following commands and then replace the "prebuilt/sdenv.raw" with this new file:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
cd sd-fuse_nanopi
 
./readenv.sh /dev/sdd
 
./readenv.sh /dev/sdd
 
cp sdenv.raw prebuilt/
 
cp sdenv.raw prebuilt/
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
====关于SD卡RAW文件====
+
====Comments on SD Card's "RAW" File====
由于CPU S3C2451的iROM 是从SD卡的尾部来读取Bootloader,且普通SD卡和SDHC卡的位置不同,而不同品牌或是不同容量的SD卡的大小又是不同的,因此没办法创建适应不同卡的RAW文件。<br />
+
There is a known issue with the S3C2451: when iROM boots with SDHC card, calculated card size is smaller than original card size, exactly 1024 blocks so SDHC card has additional reserved blocks(512Kbyte). The S3C2451's iROM reads a bootloader from the end of an SD card. The results in an issue that when the iROM reads a regular SD card and an SDHC card of the same size it will get different positions. In addition different SD cards have different sizes. Therefore it is impossible to create a universal RAW file for all SD cards.<br />
如果您有一批大小完全一致的SD卡,可使用工具如linux下的dd 读取已经制作好的SD 卡的全部数据,保存为RAW文件,然后将此文件写入其它大小相同的SD卡。<br />
+
If you have multiple SD cards of the same size and one of them is flashed with a complete system you can use "dd" under Linux to read its data and save it as a RAW file and then dump it to all the other SD cards.<br />
另外,由于现在的SD卡容量通常都比较大,对于8 GB的SD卡,写一个RAW文件将需要较长时间,而目前的rootfs实际只有 ~23 MB,因此直接使用脚本制作SD卡将更快。
+
For an SD card whose size is greater than 8 GB it takes much longer time to write a RAW file to it. On general our rootfs is only about 23 MB it will be much faster to run a script file making an SD card.
 +
 
 +
==Related Links==
 +
===Connect Camera===
 +
===Connect TFT LCD===
 +
[[File:NanoWithP43.png|frameless|400px|P43 LCD]]<br />
 +
The NanoPi can work with FriendlyARM's LCDs: H43,S70,A70,W50,A97,L80,G10,A56,W101,W35,P43,P35,TD35.<br />
 +
<br />
 +
Please follow the steps below:<br />
 +
1) If you connect your NanoPi to a PC host via a mini USB cable its power may not be enough and you will need to connect an additional 5V 2A power to the board's GPIO's VDD_5V and DGND;<br />
 +
2) You need to add an LCD variable in U-boot. For example if you want to connect your NanoPi to an S70 LCD you can do it this way:<br />
 +
<br />
 +
Firstly list the current environment variables:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
fw_printenv bootargs
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<br />
 +
Here is the list<br />
 +
bootargs=root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init console=ttySAC0,115200<br /><br />
 +
Append "lcd=S70" to "bootargs=" and reset the list with "fw_setenv"
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
fw_setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init console=ttySAC0,115200 lcd=S70
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<br />
 +
Reboot your board you will see Debian on the LCD.<br> <br>
 +
 
 +
Download Qt and tslib Packages:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
apt-get update
 +
apt-get install qtembedded
 +
apt-get install friendlyarm-tslib
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
The qtemebdded is the library Qt4 relies on. The friendlyarm-tslib is the library touch functions and screen calibration rely on. <br> <br>
 +
 
 +
Run Qt Sample Application:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
. /usr/bin/setqt4env
 +
/usr/local/Trolltech/QtEmbedded-4.8.5-arm/examples/tetrix -qws
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
The setqt4env script sets the environmental variables which Qt and tslib rely on. If it is run on a platform for the first time a screen calibration GUI will be launched. Users need to go through a five-point calibration process to calibrate the screen.<br>
 +
The tetrix application is a game developed in Qt4 and it runs as follows.<br>
 +
[[File:nanopi_with_s70.jpg|frameless|400px|]]
 +
 
 +
===Connect Matrix DIY Modules===
 +
[[Matrix - Buzzer#NanoPi|Matrix - Buzzer]]
  
==扩展连接==
 
===连接使用摄像头模块===
 
===连接使用TFT LCD===
 
===连接使用Matrix入门DIY套件===
 
  
==玩转NanoPi==
+
==NanoPi Applications==
===制作一台4.3英寸小电脑===
+
===4.3" Mini Computer===
===制作无线智能小车===
+
===Wireless Intelligent Vehicle===
  
==资源链接==
+
==Resources==
 
* [Schematic]( [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/f/f0/NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf])
 
* [Schematic]( [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/f/f0/NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf])
 
* [Dimensions]( [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/3/37/NanoPi-1507-Dimesions%28dxf%29.zip NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip ])
 
* [Dimensions]( [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/3/37/NanoPi-1507-Dimesions%28dxf%29.zip NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip ])
* [S3C2451芯片手册]([http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/b/b9/S3C2451_UM_REV1.1.pdf S3C2451_UM_REV1.1.pdf])
+
* [S3C2451 Datasheet]([http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/b/b9/S3C2451_UM_REV1.1.pdf S3C2451_UM_REV1.1.pdf])
* [RT8059芯片手册]( [http://www.richtek.com/assets/product_file/RT8059/DS8059-05.pdf RT8059.pdf])
+
* [RT8059 Datasheet]( [http://www.richtek.com/assets/product_file/RT8059/DS8059-05.pdf RT8059.pdf])
* [XC6209芯片手册]( [http://www.torex.co.jp/english/products/discon/item/53-XC6209_12.pdf XC6209.pdf])
+
* [XC6209 Datasheet]( [http://www.torex.co.jp/english/products/discon/item/53-XC6209_12.pdf XC6209.pdf])
* [DDR2 RAM芯片手册]( [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/file/2011/product/2011/7/18/148752ds_k4t51xx3qi_rev11.pdf K4T51163QI_rev1.1.pdf])
+
* [DDR2 RAM Datasheet]( [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/file/2011/product/2011/7/18/148752ds_k4t51xx3qi_rev11.pdf K4T51163QI_rev1.1.pdf])
* [AP6210规格书]( [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/7/77/AP6210_V1.2_12262012.pdf AP6210_V1.2_12262012.pdf])
+
* [AP6210 Datasheet]( [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/7/77/AP6210_V1.2_12262012.pdf AP6210_V1.2_12262012.pdf])

Latest revision as of 06:48, 21 January 2016

查看中文

1 Introduction

Overview
Front
Back

The NanoPi is a low power consumption, Samsung S3C2451 based ARM SOC that FriendlyARM developed for Linux hackers, makers and hobbyists. Its size is only half of the Raspberry Pi(RPi) and its GPIO pin is compatible with the RPi’s. The NanoPi integrates both the WiFi and Bluetooth 4.0. It has a DVP camera interface and full color LCD interface. It boots Linux/Debian quickly from a TF card. These features make it a good platform for applications in IOT, unmanned vehicles, robotics, image processing and human machine interaction.

2 Hardware Features

  • CPU: Samsung S3C2451, 400Mhz
  • RAM: 64M DDR2
  • Integrated SDIO WiFi and Bluetooth
  • USB Type A x1
  • Debugging Serial Port x1
  • microSD Slot x1
  • microUSB x1: for power and data transmission. It can be configured as a serial port or Ethernet
  • LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
  • DVP Camera interface:0.5mm spacing FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
  • GPIO1: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
  • GPIO2: 2.54mm spacing 12pin. It includes I2S, I2C, UART etc.
  • PCB dimension: 75 x 30 mm
  • Power: DC 5V
  • Bootloader and OS: u-boot, Linux-4.1, Debian8 jessie, Rabbit linux

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi Layout
  • GPIO1 Pin Spec
NanoPi GPIO Header
  • GPIO2 Pin Spec
Pin# Name Pin# Name
1 VDD_5V 2 VDD_SYS_3.3V
3 TXD2 4 RXD2
5 SDA0 6 SCL0
7 IISSDO0 8 IISSDI0
9 IISSCLK0 10 IISLRCK0
11 IISCDCLK0 12 DGND
  • Debug Port CON1(UART0)
Pin# Name
1 DGND
2 VDD_5V
3 TXD0
4 RXD0
  • DVP Camera IF Pin Spec
Pin# Name
1, 2 VDD_SYS_3.3V
7,9,13,15,24 DGND
3 SCL0
4 SDA0
5 GPH13
6 GPJ12
8 XCLK
10 NC
11 VSYNC
12 HREF
14 PCLK
16-23 Data bit7-0
  • RGB LCD IF Pin Spec
Pin# Name
1, 2 VDD_5V
11,20,29 DGND
3-10 Blue LSB to MSB
12-19 Green LSB to MSB
21-28 Red LSB to MSB
30 GPG12
31 GPG2
32 XnRSTOUT Form CPU
33 VDEN
34 VSYNC
35 HSYNC
36 LCDCLK
37,38,39,40 XM,XP,YM,YP
Note:
  1. VDD_SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
  2. VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
  3. 3. For more details please refer to the document:NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

NanoPi 机械尺寸

For more details please refer to the document:NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before play with your NanoPi please get the following items ready

  • NanoPi
  • Class 8, microSD card/TF card: >= 4GB
  • microUSB cable
  • a Host running Ubuntu and connected to the internet

4.2 Make an Installation MicroSD Card

  • 1) Insert your microSD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name
dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions".

  • 2) Flash Firmware to MicroSD Card
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi
su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

If you cannot get these files from github you can get them from our source: [1].
If you have problems with using the "fusing.sh" script you can download our "NanoPi-fuser-win32.zip" and use it to make your SD card in Windows. Here is the download:[2].

4.3 Run System

Insert this MicroSD card to your NanoPi, connect it to a PC via a MicroUSB cable the NanoPi will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is running now. By default we install Debian. It would be better if you connect your NanoPi to an LCD since this helps you set up your NanoPi more easily and conveniently.

Debian8 Jessie

4.4 Log on NanoPi via MicroUSB

After connecting your NanoPi to you PC host (running Ubuntu) please type "dmesg" in your PC's command line. If you can find the following messages it means your NanoPi is correctly connected to your host and runs well:

[12601.100339] usb 2-1.7: Product: FriendlyARM Gadget v2.4
[12601.100343] usb 2-1.7: Manufacturer: Linux 4.1.2-FriendlyARM with s3c-hsudc
[12601.103192] cdc_acm 2-1.7:2.0: This device cannot do calls on its own. It is not a modem.
[12601.103368] cdc_acm 2-1.7:2.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device
[12601.105300] cdc_ether 2-1.7:2.2 usb0: register 'cdc_ether' at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.7, CDC Ethernet Device, 46:a1:e7:6d:5c:32

If you command "ifconfig" and find a "usb0" device you can SSH to 192.168.100.1 to log on your NanoPi:

ssh root@192.168.100.1

After it prompts you to input your password you can try "fa"

4.5 Setup Wi-Fi

After SSH to your NanoPi please check the WiFi interface first. The "wlan" device is WiFi.

ifconfig -a

By default the WiFi device is "wlan0". You need to create a configuration file under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/" for WiFi:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

Here is a sample wlan0 file:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

Please replace "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" with your WiFiESSID and password. After save and close the file you can connect to your WiFi source by running the following command:

/etc/init.d/networking restart

After you power on your board it will automatically connect to your WiFi source.
Please note that if you use one TF card to boot multiple boards the WiFi device name will likely be named to "wlan1", "wlan2" and etc. You can reset it to "wlan0" by deleting the contents of the following file and reboot your board: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

SSH connected to NanoPi over WiFi

4.6 Setup Wi-Fi AP

By default a NanoPi is set to a WiFi AP. The default AP name is "nanopi-wifiap" and the password is "123456789".

The WiFi's working mode can be checked by running the following command:

cat /sys/module/bcmdhd/parameters/op_mode

If the result is "2" it means it is currently working as a WiFi AP.

If the board is not working as a WiFi AP you can set it by running the following commands:

turn-wifi-into-apmode yes


The WiFi AP's name and password can be configured by editing the file "/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf".


4.7 Bluetooth

In our Debian Jessie we include bluetooth packages: bluetooth, bluez, obexftp and etc
We will show how to transfer files between a NanoPi and a cellphone

In this example we used an MX4 cellphone, enabled its bluetooth and made it searchable by other devices. Firstly we typed the following commands in the NanoPi to search its nearby bluetooth devices:

hcitool scan


Scanning ...
8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 MX4

The listed search result above indicated that our MX4 phone was found and its MAC was 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7. We ran "sdptool" to list all the protocols it supported:

sdptool browse 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7

What we would like to test was its file transfer function therefore we must find out whether "OBEX File Transfer" was supported:

Service Name: OBEX File Transfer
Service RecHandle: 0x1000c
Service Class ID List:
"OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 11
"OBEX" (0x0008)
Language Base Attr List:
code_ISO639: 0x454e
encoding: 0x6a
base_offset: 0x100
Profile Descriptor List:
"OBEX File Transfer" (0x1106)
Version: 0x0100

Here we found out that "OBEX File Transfer" was supported and we could use "obexftp" to start our file transfers. The following commands listed all the files under the root directory of the phone:

obexftp -b 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 -c / -l

The following commands downloaded "/Adnroid/djaof.dll" from the phone to the NanoPi:

obexftp -b 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 -c /Android -g djaof.dll

The following commands uploaded "hello.txt" from the NanoPi to the "/Android" directory of the phone

obexftp -b 8C:BE:BE:C5:2C:C7 -c /Android -p hello.txt


4.8 Setup iBeacon Transmitter

The iBeacon technology enables smartphones, tablets and other devices to perform actions when in close proximity to an iBeacon transmitter. Please run the following commands to setup a NanoPi to an iBeacon transmitter:

hciconfig hci0 up
hciconfig hci0 leadv 3
hciconfig hci0 noscan
hcitool -i hci0 cmd 0x08 0x0008 1E 02 01 1A 1A FF 4C 00 02 15 63 6F 3F 8F 64 91 4B EE 95 F7 D8 CC 64 A8 63 B5 00 00 00 00 C8

If this is setup correctly on a NanoPi it will broadcast its presence to nearby portable electronic devices. If a nearby Android device or iPhone has the "locate Beacon" application installed it will be able to measure the distance between itself to the NanoPi. If you want enable the indoor positioning function you will need to setup multiple iBeacon transmitters.

4.9 Communicate with Cellphone via Bluetooth BLE

The function requires a BLE service be started on the NanoPi.
The BLE service's code is open source. Please follow the steps below to get it:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/ble-peripheral-service-demo.git

Please run the following build.sh script which will generate a "nanopi_ble_server" executable if it is successful:

./build.sh

We assume your cross compiler is installed at "/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.5.1/bin/arm-linux-gcc". If it is not installed under this directory you need to make changes in the script accordingly.
After a "nanopi_ble_server" is generated please copy it to the NanoPi and execute the following commands:

hciconfig hci0 down
service bluetooth stop
chmod 755 nanopi_ble_server
./nanopi_ble_server

Now please install a BLE Scanner application on an Android phone or a Lightblue application on an iPhone which will be used to test the function.
We have an open source Android Demo on GitHub too,It is under "android/BLETest". This demo shows how a cellphone communicates(transmits data to/receives data from) with the NanoPi via BLE.
NanoBLEAndroidDemo

NanoPi's output messages are as follows:
NanoPiBLEServer

4.10 Install Debian Packages

We provide a Debian Jessie image. You can install Jessie's packages by commanding "apt-get". If this is your first installation you need to update the package list by running the following command:

apt-get update

Or you can try a complete command set

apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
apt-get autoremove

You can install your preferred packages. For example if you want to install an FTP server you can do this:

apt-get install vsftpd

Note: you can change your download server by editting "/etc/apt/sources.list". You can get a complete server list from [3]. You need to select the one with "armel".

5 Make OS Image

5.1 Install Cross Compiler

Download and untar cross compiler file:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
tar xvzf prebuilts/gcc/arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tar.gz -C /

It will ease your future development work if you add compiler's path to "PATH". You can do it by first opening "~/.bashrc" and then appending the following lines:

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/:$PATH

Run "~/.bashrc" to make your changes in effect right away:

. ~/.bashrc

We assume you would use a 32-bit compiler. However if your host runs a 64-bit Linux you need to install some extra packages. For example if your host runs a Debian 8 Jessie desktop 64 bit system you will need to install the following packages:

dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update
apt-get install build-essential gcc-multilib rpm libstdc++6:i386 libgcc1:i386 zlib1g:i386 libncurses5:i386

5.2 Compile U-Boot

Download U-Boot source code and compile it. Please note it is in the branch "nanopi":

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi.git
cd uboot_nanopi
git checkout nanopi
make nanopi_config
make

After your compilation succeeds a u-boot.bin will be generated. If you want to test it please flash it to your MicroSD card by running the "fusing.sh" script.
If your SD card's device name is "/dev/sdd" please run the following command as "root":

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdd

Note: this operation will remove all the data in the SD card.

5.3 Compile Linux kernel

5.3.1 Compile Kernel

Please download kernel source code and compile it

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
cd linux-4.x.y
git checkout nanopi-v4.1.y
make nanopi_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make

The kernel that the NanoPi uses is "nanopi-v4.1.y". Please make sure you get the correct branch. After your compilation succeeds a new file "arch/arm/boot/zImage" will be generated

5.3.2 Compile Kernel Modules

In general kernel compilation generates kernel modules such as ipv6, netfilter and etc. If you want to add your own modules to the kernel or you changed your kernel configurations you need to recompile these new modules and pack them as a new "kernel-modules.tgz" to replace the corresponding file "basefs/kernel-modules.tgz" in "Rootfs"
please run the following commands as root to install ".ko" to /tmp/nanopi-modules:

make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/tmp/nanopi-modules modules_install

Please strip your kernel modules and create a new package

cd /tmp/nanopi-modules/lib/
find . -name \*.ko | xargs arm-linux-strip --strip-unneeded
tar czvf kernel-modules.tgz modules/

If you want to test your newly generated kernel modules you can copy them to your MicroSD card's "rootfs/lib": We assume your MicroSD card was already mounted to "/media/fa/NANOPI" please run the following commands as root:

rm -rf /media/fa/NANOPI/lib/modules/
tar xzvf kernel-modules.tgz -C /media/fa/NANOPI/lib/

5.4 Make File System

5.4.1 File System for Debian

By default we install a Debian system to the NanoPi, which can be obtained from the following repository:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi/prebuilt/
ls -l rootfs.tgz

If you want to customize it you can uncompress "rootfs.tgz", edit its components and tar it. Here is an example showing how you can do it:

tar xzf rootfs.tgz 
dpkg -i --force-all --root=./rootfs /tmp/qtembedded-4.8.5_armel.deb 
tar czf rootfs.tgz rootfs

5.4.2 File System for Rabbit Linux

Another Linux system we provide is Rabbit Linux which is open source. You can work on it as "root" by following the steps below:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rootfs_nanopi.git
cd rootfs_nanopi
git checkout nanopi
su
make && make install && make strip

If the compilation is successful you will observe the following messages:

RootFS (core) successfully installed to:
   /tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi/rootfs
 
Copyright 2015 FriendlyARM (http://www.arm9.net/)

The information above indicates that the generated file system is located under "/tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi/rootfs". We will make it a package by running the following commands:

cd /tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi
tar czvf rootfs.tgz rootfs/

5.5 Make an Installation MicroSD Card with Your Own Files

5.5.1 Make Your Own System

Please download the SD card fuse utility and switch to the correct "master" branch:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi
git checkout master

Under "sd-fuse_nanopi" there is a "prebuilt" which contains the files that a system needs:
Bootloader: u-boot.bin
Kernel Command Parameters: sdenv.raw
Linux Kernel: zImage
File System Package: rootfs.tgz

You can replace one or multiple of these files with the ones you generated on your own in the previous steps and then run the following command to flash them to your MicroSD card. Please note that you need to run these commands under the "sd-fuse_nanopi" directory.

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: please replace /dev/sdx with your SD card's device name)

After it is done you can play with your new OS with this card.

5.5.2 Change U-Boot Environment Variables

After you boot your NanoPi you can check the U-Boot environment variables by running the following command:

fw_printenv bootargs

If you want to change variables (e.g. adding an LCD variable) you can do it this way:

fw_setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init console=ttySAC0,115200 lcd=S70

If you want to port an existing SD card's all environment variables you can to insert it to a host and export its environment variables to a new sdenv.raw by running the following commands and then replace the "prebuilt/sdenv.raw" with this new file:

cd sd-fuse_nanopi
./readenv.sh /dev/sdd
cp sdenv.raw prebuilt/

5.5.3 Comments on SD Card's "RAW" File

There is a known issue with the S3C2451: when iROM boots with SDHC card, calculated card size is smaller than original card size, exactly 1024 blocks so SDHC card has additional reserved blocks(512Kbyte). The S3C2451's iROM reads a bootloader from the end of an SD card. The results in an issue that when the iROM reads a regular SD card and an SDHC card of the same size it will get different positions. In addition different SD cards have different sizes. Therefore it is impossible to create a universal RAW file for all SD cards.
If you have multiple SD cards of the same size and one of them is flashed with a complete system you can use "dd" under Linux to read its data and save it as a RAW file and then dump it to all the other SD cards.
For an SD card whose size is greater than 8 GB it takes much longer time to write a RAW file to it. On general our rootfs is only about 23 MB it will be much faster to run a script file making an SD card.

6 Related Links

6.1 Connect Camera

6.2 Connect TFT LCD

P43 LCD
The NanoPi can work with FriendlyARM's LCDs: H43,S70,A70,W50,A97,L80,G10,A56,W101,W35,P43,P35,TD35.

Please follow the steps below:
1) If you connect your NanoPi to a PC host via a mini USB cable its power may not be enough and you will need to connect an additional 5V 2A power to the board's GPIO's VDD_5V and DGND;
2) You need to add an LCD variable in U-boot. For example if you want to connect your NanoPi to an S70 LCD you can do it this way:

Firstly list the current environment variables:

fw_printenv bootargs


Here is the list
bootargs=root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init console=ttySAC0,115200

Append "lcd=S70" to "bootargs=" and reset the list with "fw_setenv"

fw_setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init console=ttySAC0,115200 lcd=S70


Reboot your board you will see Debian on the LCD.

Download Qt and tslib Packages:

apt-get update
apt-get install qtembedded
apt-get install friendlyarm-tslib

The qtemebdded is the library Qt4 relies on. The friendlyarm-tslib is the library touch functions and screen calibration rely on.

Run Qt Sample Application:

. /usr/bin/setqt4env
/usr/local/Trolltech/QtEmbedded-4.8.5-arm/examples/tetrix -qws

The setqt4env script sets the environmental variables which Qt and tslib rely on. If it is run on a platform for the first time a screen calibration GUI will be launched. Users need to go through a five-point calibration process to calibrate the screen.
The tetrix application is a game developed in Qt4 and it runs as follows.
Nanopi with s70.jpg

6.3 Connect Matrix DIY Modules

Matrix - Buzzer


7 NanoPi Applications

7.1 4.3" Mini Computer

7.2 Wireless Intelligent Vehicle

8 Resources