FriendlyThings APIs

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1 Introduction

FriendlyThings is an Android SDK developed by FriendlyElec to access hardware. Users can use it to access various hardware resources Uart, SPI, I2C, GPIO etc on a FriendlyElec ARM board under Android. This SDK is based on Android-NDK. Users can use it to develop popular IoT applications without directly interacting with drivers.


Template:FriendlyThings Installation Guides

2 APIs in libfriendlyarm-things.so Library

Here is a list of HardwareControler APIs and these APIs are class interfaces and can be used directly, and you don't need to create a HardwareControler instance:

2.1 GPIO APIs

Applicable Platforms: All

API Name Parameters and Return Values Function
int open(
String devName
, int flags)

Parameters:
devName: device that data will be written to
flags: access mode, e.g. read-only,read/write etc. You can refer to FileCtlEnum.java

Return Value:
Returns a file descriptor if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure.

Opens a device

int ioctlWithIntValue (
int fd,
int cmd,
int value)

Parameters:
fd: device's file descriptor
cmd: ioctl command
value: parameter that will be used by the command. It can only be an integer.

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure.

Commands ioctl operations

ioctl(int fd, 
int cmd
, byte[] buf)

Parameters:
fd: device's file descriptor
cmd: ioctl command
buf: parameter that will be used by the command

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure.

Commands ioctl operations
if ioctl is a struct
you need to convert the struct to a byte stream

int write(
int fd,
byte[] data)

Parameters:
fd: device's file descriptor
data: data to be written to device

Return Value:
Returns the number of bytes written to the device if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure.

Writes characters to an opened device or file.

int read(
int fd, 
byte[] buf, 
int len)

Parameters:
fd: device's file descriptor
buf: buffer to store data
len: number of bytes to be read

Return Value:
Returns the number of bytes that are read from the device if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure. Returns 0 if the file pointer already points to the end of the file.

Reads data from an opened device or file.

int select(
int fd, 
int sec, 
int usec)

Parameters:
fd: file descriptor
sen: wait time in second
usec: wait time in nanosecond

Return Value:
If the file has data it returns 1. If the file doesn't have data it returns 0. If this operation fails it returns -1.

Checks if an opened device or file has data for reading.

void close(int fd)

Parameters:
fd: file descriptor.

Return Value:
No

Closes a file

2.2 APIs for Serial Communication

Applicable Platforms: All

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int openSerialPortEx(
String devName,
long baud,
int dataBits,
int stopBits,
String parityBit,
String flowCtrl
)

Parameters:
devName: device name
baud: baud rate
dataBits: databits(range of value: 5 ~ 8, 8 by default)
stopBits: stopbits(range of value: 1 ~ 2, 1 by default)
parityBit: paritybit(range of value: O means odd check, E means even check and N means no check)
flowCtrl: flow control(range of value: H means hardware flow control, S means software flow control and N means no flow control.)
Return Value:
Returns a file descriptor if it is a success. This file descriptor can be used in the functions of read, write, select and etc. It returns -1 if it is a failure.

Opens a serial device and returns a file descriptor.

Comments:

You need to open a serial device by invoking the openSerialPortEx function, poll the device's status by invoking the select function and read data from it if the device has data.

To write data to a device you can invoke the write function.
If no operations need to be performed on the device you need to invoke the close function to close it.

2.3 Onboad LED APIs

Applicable Platforms: FriendlyElec's Tiny and Smart CPU boards e.g. Tiny4412, Smart4412, Smart4418 and etc

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int setLedState( 
int ledID, 
int ledState )

Parameters:
ledID: LED index(value range: 0 ~ 3)
ledState: 1 means on and 0 means off

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure.

Turns on/off LED.

2.4 PWM Buzzer APIs

Applicable Platforms: All FriendlyElec's Tiny and Smart carrier boards which have a PWM buzzer, e.g. Tiny4412, Smart4412 ,Smart4418 and etc

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int PWMPlay(int frequency);

Parameter:
frequency: sound frequency

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success or returns -1 if it is a failure

Turns on a PWM buzzer to make sounds at a set frequency

int PWMStop();

Parameter:
No

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success or returns -1 if it is -1

Turn off a PWM buzzer.

2.5 ADC APIs

Applicable Platforms: 6410, 210 and 4412

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int readADC()

Parameter:
No

Return Value:
Returns a value if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Reads the value of the first channel of ADC.

int readADCWithChannel(int channel)

Parameters:
channel: ADC channel

Return Value:
Returns a value if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Reads the value of a specified channel of ADC

int[] readADCWithChannels(int[] channels);

Parameter:
channels: array of channels

Return Value:
Returns an array of values from specified channels if it is a success otherwise returns NULL.

Reads values of an array of channels

2.6 I2C APIs

Applicable Platforms: All Before you invoke any of the following APIs make sure to invoke the open function to open an I2C device. After finish operations make sure to invoke the HardwareControler.close function to close the device:

int fd = HardwareControler.open("/dev/i2c-0", FileCtlEnum.O_RDWR);

The following APIs need to take a file descriptor as a parameter:

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int setI2CSlave(int fd, int slave);

Parameter:
fd: I2C device's file descriptor
slave: I2C device's address. For example in general an EEPROM's device address is 0x50

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Sets an I2C device's address. For example in general an EEPROM's device address is 0x50.

int setI2CTimeout(int fd, int timeout)

Parameter:
fd: I2C device's file descriptor
timeout: timeout

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Sets timeout(ioctl I2C_TIMEOUT)

int setI2CRetries(int fd, int retries)

Parameter:
fd: I2C device's file descriptor
retries: number of retries

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Sets the number of retries(ioctl I2C_RETRIES)

int writeByteToI2C(int fd
, int pos
 byte byteData
 , int wait_ms)

Parameter:
fd: I2C device's file descriptor
pos: position to write data to
byteData: data to be written to
wait_ms: wait time in millisecond

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Writes a byte to the specified position of an I2C device in the specified wait time(in millisecond).

int readByteFromI2C(int fd
, int pos
, int wait_ms);

Parameter:
fd: I2C device's file descriptor
pos: position to write data to
wait_ms: wait time in millisecond

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns -1

Reads a byte from the specified position of an I2C device in the specified wait time(in millisecond).

2.7 SPI APIs

Applicable Platforms: All Before you invoke any of the following APIs make sure to invoke the open function to open an SPI device. After finish operations make sure to invoke the HardwareControler.close function to close the device:

int spi_fd = HardwareControler.open("/dev/spidev1.0", FileCtlEnum.O_RDWR );

The following APIs need to take a file descriptor spi_fd as a parameter:

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int setSPIWriteBitsPerWord( int spi_fd, int bits )

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
bits: number of bits

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number

Sets the number of bits to read.
In general the number of bits to read is either 8 or 16 but there are exceptions in which you need to set the number of bits to read.
If this parameter is set to 0 it reads 8 bits (ioctl SPI_IOC_WR_BITS_PER_WORD).

int setSPIReadBitsPerWord( int spi_fd
, int bits )

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
bits: number of bits

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Sets the number of bits to read from an SPI device(ioctl SPI_IOC_RD_BITS_PER_WORD)

int setSPIBitOrder( int spi_fd
, int order)

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
order: SPIEnum.MSBFIRST or SPIEnum.LSBFIRST

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number

Sets either most significant bits(SPIEnum.MSBFIRST) or least significant bits(SPIEnum.LSBFIRST) to be transmitted first.

int setSPIClockDivider( int spi_fd
, int divider)

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
divider: a clock divider which should be a value specified in SPIEnum.java and starts with "SPI_CLOCK_" e.g.
SPIEnum.SPI_CLOCK_DIV128

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Sets an SPI clock divider.

int setSPIDataMode( int spi_fd
, int mode)

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
mode: SPI device's data mode. It can be any value among SPIEnum.SPI_MODE0 ~ SPIEnum.SPI_MODE3

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Sets SPI's data mode

int SPItransferOneByte( int spi_fd
, byte byteData
, int spi_delay
, int spi_speed
, int spi_bits)

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
byteData: data to be written to an SPI device
spi_delay: delay time
spi_speed: transfer speed
spi_bits: number of bits

Return Value:
Returns read data if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number

Transfers and receives a byte simultaneously. e.g. int byteRet = SPItransferOneByte(spi_fd , 0xAA , 0 /*delay*/ , 500000/*speed*/ ,8/*bits*/)

int SPItransferBytes(int spi_fd
, byte[] writeData
, byte[] readBuff
, int spi_delay
, int spi_speed
, int spi_bits)

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
writeData: data to be written to a device
readBuff: buffer to store read data
spi_delay: delay time
spi_speed: transfer speed
spi_bits: number of bits

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Transfers and receives multiple bytes simultaneously.

int writeBytesToSPI(int spi_fd
, byte[] writeData
, int spi_delay
, int spi_speed
, int spi_bits)

Parameter:
spi_fd: SPI device's file descriptor
writeData: data to be written to a device
spi_delay: delay time
spi_speed: transfer speed
spi_bits: number of bits

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number

Writes multiple bytes to an SPI device.

int readBytesFromSPI(int spi_fd
, byte[] readBuff
, int spi_delay
, int spi_speed
, int spi_bits)

Parameter:
readBuff: buffer to store read data
spi_delay: delay time
spi_speed: transfer speed
spi_bits: number of bits

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Reads multiple bytes from an SPI device.


2.8 GPIO APIs

Applicable Platforms: All

API Name Parameters and Return Value Function
int exportGPIOPin(int pin)

Parameter:
pin: GPIO Pin

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Tells system to export a GPIO pin
It is identical to run "echo pin > /sys/class/gpio/export"

int unexportGPIOPin(int pin)

Parameter:
pin: GPIO Pin

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Tells system to unexport a GPIO pin
It is identical to run "echo pin > /sys/class/gpio/unexport"

int setGPIOValue(int pin, int value)

Parameter:
pin: GPIO Pin
value: it is either GPIOEnum.LOW which means a LOW level or GPIOEnum.HIGH which means a HIGH level

Return Value:
Returns 0 if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Sets a HIGH or LOW to a GPIO pin

int getGPIOValue(int pin)

Parameter:
pin: GPIO Pin

Return Value:
Returns either GPIOEnum.LOW
or GPIOEnum.HIGH if it is a success otherwise returns a negative number.

Gets a GPIO pin's status(HIGH or LOW)

int setGPIODirection(int pin, int direction)

参数说明:
pin: GPIO引脚编号
direction: 传入GPIOEnum.IN表示输入,
GPIOEnum.OUT表示输出

返回值说明:
成功返回0,失败返回负数

配置引脚功能为输出或者输入

int getGPIODirection(int pin)

参数说明:
pin: GPIO引脚编号

成功返回GPIOEnum.IN表示输入,
返回 GPIOEnum.OUT表示输出,失败返回负数

查询引脚功能 (为输出或者输入)

2.9 查询开发板型号

接口名称 参数与返回值说明 功能说明
int getBoardType()

成功返回一个代表开发板型号的数字,
数字的含义在 BoardType.java 中定义,
如果开发板无法识别,将失败负数

查询开发板型号, 调用示例:

private int mBoardType = HardwareControler.getBoardType();
if (mBoardType == BoardType.NanoPC_T4) {
    // do something...
}

3 示例程序

3.1 Android8.1

3.1.1 Applicable Boards

  • NanoPC-T4/NanoPi-M4/NanoPi-NEO4
Android8.1 Demos
Serial Port

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/SerialPortDemo

GPIO

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/GPIO_LED_Demo

ADC

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/ADCDemo

PWM

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/PWMDemo

I2C

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/I2C_LCD1602_Demo

RTC

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/RTC_Demo-RK3399

Watch dog

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/WatchDogDemo-RK3399

SPI

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-android-8.1/tree/master/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/SPI_OLED_Demo

3.2 Android7.1.2

3.2.1 Applicable Boards

  • NanoPC-T4/NanoPi-M4/NanoPi-NEO4
Android7.1.2 Demos
Serial Port

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/SerialPortDemo

GPIO

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/GPIO_LED_Demo

ADC

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/ADCDemo

PWM

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/PWMDemo

I2C

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/I2C_LCD1602_Demo

RTC

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/RTC_Demo-RK3399

Watch dog

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/WatchDogDemo-RK3399

SPI

https://gitlab.com/friendlyelec/rk3399-nougat/tree/nanopc-t4-nougat/vendor/friendlyelec/apps/SPI_OLED_Demo

3.3 Earlier version of Android

3.3.1 Applicable Boards & OS

  • NanoPC-T3/NanoPi-M3: Android 5
  • Smart4418 SDK/SOM-4418/NanoPC-T2/NanoPi-M2/NanoPi S2: Android 5, Android 4.4
  • Tiny4412: Android 4.2, Android 5
  • Tiny210/Smart210/Mini210: Android 4.2
  • Tiny6410/Mini6410: Android 2.3
Earlier version of Android Demos
Serial Port

https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples/tree/master/SerialPortDemo

GPIO

https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples/tree/master/GPIO_LED_Demo

ADC

https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples/tree/master/ADCDemo

PWM

https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples/tree/master/PWMDemo

I2C

https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples/tree/master/I2C_LCD1602_Demo

SPI

https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlythings-examples/tree/master/SPI_OLED_Demo