NanoPi M1

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1 Introduction

Overview
Front
Back
frameless
  • The NanoPi M1 is an Allwinner H3 based ARM board designed and released by FriendlyARM for hobbyists, makers and electronic fans. It is only two thirds the size of the Raspberry Pi. It is open source. It works with Ubuntu MATE, Debian and etc.
  • The NanoPi M1 uses the Allwinner H3 Soc. It integrates Ethernet, IR receiver, video/audio output and supports HDMI and AVOUT. It can be powered via the MicroUSB port
  • In such a small board it still integrates rich interfaces and ports. Besides the popular HDMI, Ethernet, USB-Host, USB-OTG, DVP camera interface and AVOUT (audio and video) it has an onboard Microphone, IR receiver, a serial debug port and a Raspberry Pi compatible 40 pin GPIO pin header.

2 Features

  • CPU: Allwinner H3, Quad-core Cortex-A7@1.2GHz
  • GPU: Mali400MP2@600MHz，Supports OpenGL ES2.0
  • DDR3 RAM: 512MB
  • Connectivity: 10/100M Ethernet
  • Audio: 3.5mm audio jack/Via HDMI
  • Microphone: Onboard microphone
  • IR Receiver: Onboard IR receiver
  • USB Host：Type A, USB 2.0 x 3
  • MicroSD Slot x 1
  • MicroUSB: for data transmission and power input, OTG
  • Video Output: HDMI 1.4 1080P, CVBS
  • DVP Camera Interface: 24pin, 0.5mm pitch FPC seat
  • Debug Serial Port: 4Pin, 2.54mm pitch pin header
  • GPIO: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
  • User Key: Power LED x 1, Reset x 1
  • PC Size: 64 x 50mm
  • Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
  • OS/Software: u-boot，Ubuntu MATE，Debian

compact

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi M1 Layout
  • GPIO Pin Spec
Pin# Name Pin# Name
1 SYS_3.3V 2 VDD_5V
3 I2C0_SDA 4 VDD_5V
5 I2C0_SCL 6 GND
7 GPIOG11 8 UART1_TX/GPIOG6
9 GND 10 UART1_RX/GPIOG7
11 UART2_TX/GPIOA0 12 PWM1/GPIOA6
13 UART2_RTS/GPIOA2 14 GND
15 UART2_CTS/GPIOA3 16 UART1_RTS/GPIOG8
17 SYS_3.3V 18 UART1_CTS/GPIOG9
19 SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC0 20 GND
21 SIP0_MISO/GPIOC1 22 UART2_RX/GPIOA1
23 SPI0_CLK/GPIOC29 24 SPI0_CS/GPIOC3
25 GND 26 SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17
27 I2C1_SDA/GPIOA19 28 I2C1_SCL/GPIOA18
29 GPIOA20 30 GND
31 GGPIOA21 32 GPIOA7
33 GPIOA8 34 GND
35 UART3_CTS/SPI1_MISO/GPIOA16 36 UART3_TX/SPI1_CS/GPIOA13
37 GPIOA9 38 UART3_RTS/SPI1_MOSI/GPIOA15
39 GND 40 UART3_RX/SPI1_CLK/GPIOA14
  • Debug Port（UART0）
Pin# Name
1 GND
2 VDD_5V
3 UART_TXD0
4 UART_RXD0
  • DVP Camera IF Pin Spec
Pin# Name Description
1, 2 SYS_3.3V 3.3V power output, to camera modules
7,9,13,15,24 GND Gound, 0V
3 I2C2_SCL I2C Clock Signal
4 I2C2_SDA I2C Data Signal
5 GPIOE15 Regular GPIO, control signals output to camera modules
6 GPIOE14 Regular GPIO, control signals output to camera modules
8 MCLK Clock signals output to camera modules
10 NC Not Connected
11 VSYNC vertical synchronization to CPU　from camera modules
12 HREF/HSYNC HREF/HSYNC signal to CPU from camera modules
14 PCLK PCLK signal to CPU from camera modules
16-23 Data bit7-0 data signals
Note:
  1. SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
  2. VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
  3. All pins are 3.3V and output current is 5mA. It can drive small loads. No IO pins can drive a load.
  4. For more details refer to the document: NanoPi-M1-1603-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

NanoPi-M1-1603-dimensions.png

For more details please refer to: pcb file in dxf

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi M1 get the following items ready

  • NanoPi M1
  • microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
  • microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
  • HDMI monitor
  • USB keyboard and mouse
  • A host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi M1 boot and run fast we highly recommand you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

  • SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk MicroSD 8G

  • SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

SanDisk MicroSD 128G

  • 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

chuanyu MicroSD 8G

4.3 Make an Installation TF Card

4.3.1 Get Image Files

Visit this link download link to download image files and the flashing utility:

Image Files
nanopi-m1-debian-sd4g.img.zip Debian Image File
sun8iw7p1_android_nanopi-h3_uart0.img.zip Android Image File
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility for flashing Debian image. Under Linux users can use "dd"
PhoenixCard_V310.rar Windows utility for flashing Android image. Attention: the "dd" command under Linux doesn't work for flashing Android image
HDDLLF.4.40.exe Windows utility for formatting a TF card

4.3.2 Make Debian Image Card

  • Uncompress the nanopi-m1-debian-sd4g.img.zip and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
  • Insert this card into your NanoPi M1's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your NanoPi M1 has successfully booted.


4.3.3 Make Android Image Card

  • On a Windows PC run the HDDLLF.4.40 utility as administrator. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into this PC and format it. After formatting is done take out the TF card, insert it into the PC again and format it with Windows internal format utility to format it to FAT32. After this formatting is done take out the card.
  • Uncompress the sun8iw7p1_android_nanopi-h3_uart0.img.zip and PhoenixCard_V310.rar files. Insert the TF card you made in the previous step into a Windows PC and run the PhoenixCard_V310 utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
  • Insert this card into your NanoPi M1's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your NanoPi M1 has successfully booted.

Note: you must format your TF card before you start making it an Android image card.

5 Working with Debian

5.1 Run Debian

  • Insert a TF card with Debian image files into your NanoPi M1, connect the NanoPi M1 to an HDMI monitor and a 5V/2A power source the NanoPi M1 will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is working and you will see Debain being loaded on the HDMI monitor.

1）If you connect the NanoPi M1 to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and a USB keyboard to operate.
2) If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.

  • Here is a setup where we connect a NanoPi M1 to a PC via the PSU-ONECOM and you can power on your M1 from either the PSU-ONECOM or M1's MicroUSB:

PSU-ONECOM-M1

  • The password for "root" is "fa".

5.2 Extend TF Card's rootfs Section

We strongly recommend you to do this right after you have made an installation TF card since this will greatly enhance your M1's experience.
Insert your TF card into a host PC and run the following commands on your PC's terminal: 

sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 2 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx2

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system

5.3 Ethernet Connection

If the NanoPi M1 is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP after it is powered up. If it is not connected via Ethernet or its DHCP is not activated obtaining an IP will fail and system will hang on for about 15 to 60 seconds

  • 1) Setup MAC Address

The NanoPi M1 by default doesn't have a valid MAC address. If the board connects a network successfully it will automatically generates a random MAC in "/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0". Users can change it to a self-defined valid one: 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

Here is the content of a sample configuration file: 

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress 76:92:d4:85:f3:0f

The "hwaddress" specifies the MAC address. Here the "76:92:d4:85:f3:0f" is a random MAC. We suggest users change it to a valid one.
Note: when you reset the MAC please make sure your MAC meets IEEE's definition otherwise it will cause unexpected issues. After you make your change, save, exit and reboot your board or run the following commands to restart the network: 

systemctl restart networking


5.4 Login to Debian via VNC and SSH

If your NanoPi M1 is not connected to a display device you can login to your NanoPi M1 from a mobile phone. You need to download and install a "VNC Viewer" from here on a mobile phone and login to the NanoPi M1 via VNC. Its default password is "fa123456".
Here is a screenshot which shows how it looks like when users login to the NanoPi M1 from an iPhone via VNC:
VNC to NanoPi2
You can login via "SSH -l root 192.168.8.1" and the default password for "root" is "fa". You need to replace "192.168.8.1" with your actual IP address.

5.5 HDMI Resolution

Our Debian system's HDMI resolution is set by a script.bin file in the root directory of the installation TF card's boot section. By default the resolution is 1080P60. There are multiple script.bin files under that directory for different resolutions. For example if you want to modify the resolution to 720P60 you can use the script-720p-60.bin file to replace the existing one by using the following command: 

# in TF card boot partition
cp script/script-720p-60.bin ./script.bin

5.6 HDMI Audio Output

Our Debian system's default audio output is the 3.5mm audio jack. You can turn on the HDMI audio by editting the /etc/asound.conf file: 

pcm.!default {
    type hw
    card 1
    device 0
}
 
ctl.!default {
    type hw
    card 1
}

card 0 points to the 3.5mm audio jack and card 1 points to the HDMI audio. You need to save your changes and reboot your system to make your changes take effect.

5.7 Test GPU

After Debian loads please login from a terminal and run "glmark2-es2": 

glmark2-es2

m1-gpu-glmark2

5.8 Test VPU

Visit this link download link to download files
After Debian is loaded login from a terminal and run "mplayer": 

mplayer -vo vdpau -vc ffmpeg12vdpau,ffh264vdpau, ./big_buck_bunny_1080p_H264_AAC_25fps_7200K.MP4

In our test it could play 1080P video fluently.

5.9 Test USB WiFi

Our Debian system has support for popular USB WiFi drivers. Many USB WiFi modules are plug and play with our system. Here is a list of models we tested;

Number Model
1 RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2 RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3 RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter

After you connect your USB WiFi to the M1, if it cannot find an AP, remove it, reconnect it and click on "refresh" on the wicd network manager to try again. If your USB WiFi model is not in the list refer to Matrix_-_USB_WiFi on how to proceed.

5.10 Check CPU's Working Temperature

You can use the following command to read H3's temperature 

cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp

6 Make Your Own Debian

Visit this link download to get the source code, uncompress it and a lihee directory will be generated. Or you can get it from our github: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/h3_lichee.git lichee

After you get the source code enter the lichee directory: 

cd lichee

6.1 Compile Source Code

Compile the whole source code packages including U-boot, Linux Kernel and Modules. You must do it on a host computer running a 64-bit Linux OS. The following cases were tested on Ubuntu-14.04 LTS-64bit: 

sudo apt-get install gawk git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos \
python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386

Run the following command to compile the whole package: 

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3

After this compilation succeeds a u-boot, Linux kernel and kernel modules will be generated
Note: the lichee directory contains a cross-compiler we have setup. When the build.sh script runs it will automatically call this cross-compiler.

6.2 Flash Image to TF Card

Run the following command to flash U-boot, Linux Kernel and script.bin to your TF card: 

./burn_into_sd.sh /dev/sdx

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system. This script flashes U-Boot to your TF card and copies uImage and script.bin to your TF card's boot section.

6.3 Compile U-boot

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m uboot

After a u-boot executable is generated some extra patches need to be patched to it. Run "./gen_script.sh" to patch this executable.
If you want to manually patch the executable refer to H3_Manual_build_howto

6.4 Compile Linux Kernel

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m kernel

After the compilation is done a uImage and its kernel modules will be generated under "linux-3.4/output".

6.5 Clean Source Code

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m clean

7 Make Your Own Android

8 More OS Support

8.1 Ubuntu-Core

Ubuntu-Core is a basic verson which has support for Ethernet and SSH.
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it.

  • Go to this link download link to download the image file nanopi-m1-ubuntu-core-sd4g.img.zip
  • Uncompress it and flash the image file to a TF card with win32diskimager under Windows
  • After it is done you can boot your NanoPi M1 with this card
  • Login name: "root" or "fa", Password: fa

8.2 Ubuntu-MATE

Ubuntu-Mate is a Ubuntu variant and its GUI is Mate-desktop. You can login via SSH when you connect a NanoPi M1 to an HDMI monitor
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it

  • Go to this link download link to download the image file nanopi-m1-ubuntu-mate-sd4g.img.zip
  • Uncompress it and flash the image file to a TF card with win32diskimager under Windows
  • After it is done you can boot your NanoPi M1 with this card
  • Login name: "root" or "fa", Password: fa

MATE-desktop

8.3 Debian8(Jacer)

Debian8(Jacer) is a Debian 8 variant developed by a developer "Jacer". It uses Debian 8's desktop and has good support for the Chinese language. Users need to run this OS with an HDMI monitor and can login to the system via SSH.
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it.

  • Please visit here :download link to download its image file Debian8(unofficial-Jacer).rar.
  • Uncompress it and flash the image file to a TF card with win32diskimager under Windows.
  • After it is done you can boot your NanoPi M1 with this card
  • Login name: "fa", Password: fa

Note: When the NanoPi M1 is connected to an HDMI monitor and runs Debian8(Jacer) we don't suggest login to the system as root. If you do that the HDMI monitor will show black instead of a Debian8 GUI;
Debian8(Jacer) is integrated with GPU drivers, H264 and H265 hard decoding code. It defaults to the HDMI 720P configuration. If you want to modify its resolution to 1080P you can set the "HDMI MODE =" setting in the script.fex (under the "/boot" section) to the 1080P definition and use the corresponding script.bin file. For more details refer to the h3disp.sh file;
Debian8(Jacer) supports these WiFi card models: 8192cu, 8188cus, 8188eu, rt3070.
Debian8（Jacer）has the following support too:

  • 1.Mali400 GPU driver
  • 2.mpv hard decoding H264, H265
  • 3.Chromium and flash
  • 4.Netease's feeluown
  • 5.Games such as Chess and Minesweeper
  • 6.retroarch game simulator
  • 7.Virtual memory
  • 8.Dynamic frequency scaling
  • 9.aria2 download utility
  • 10.samba
  • 11.WiFi cards: 8192cu/8188cus/8188eu/rt3070/rt2800/rt5370
  • 12.GIMP utility
  • 13.SSH
  • 14.xrdp and vnc
  • 15.HTML5 media player
  • 16.goldendict
  • 17.audacious music player
  • 18.pulseaudio volume control utility
  • 19.USB bluetooth

Debian-Jacer-desktop

8.4 Android(Jacer)

Android(Jacer) is an Android4.4.2 variant developed by a developer "Jacer". It uses Android's desktop. Users need to run this OS with an HDMI monitor and can login to the system via SSH.
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it.

  • Download image files and utilities

1. Please visit here :download link to download its image file Android(Beelink_X2_v205k4_for_NanoPiM1).
2. Download Windows utility (HDDLLF.4.40)download link for formatting a TF card.
3. Download Windows utility (PhoenixCard)download link for flashing Android image files.

  • Make Android TF Card

1. On a Windows PC run the HDDLLF.4.40 utility as administrator. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into this PC and format it. After formatting is done take out the TF card;
2. Insert it into the PC again and format it with Windows internal format utility to format it to FAT32. After this formatting is done take out the card;
3. Insert the TF card you made in the previous step into a Windows PC and run the PhoenixCard_V310 utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
Note: none of the above steps should be missed otherwise the TF card you made may not work.

  • Boot Android

1. Insert an installation TF card into an M1, power on the board and you will be able to work with it
Android(Jacer) supports these WiFi cards: rtl8188etv, rt8188eus and rt8189.
Android(Jacer) has the following features:

  • 1. the menu bar can be set hidden; a power button can be added; dynamic frequency scaling is enabled
  • 2. GAAPS
  • 3. it supports rtl8188etv/eus 8189 WiFi cards and CSR bluetooth
  • 4. relative low working voltage and low working temperature

For details about its full features try it by yourself:)
Android-Jacer-desktop

9 Resources

10 Update Log

10.1 March-22-2016

  • Released English Version

10.2 March-29-2016

  • Corrected expression errors

10.3 Apr-02-2016

  • Rewrote sections 4.3, 5, 6 and 8
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