NanoPC-T6

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Contents

1 Introduction

File:TODO-NanoPC T6-01B.jpg
Overview
File:TODO-NanoPC T6-A01.jpg
Front
File:TODO-NanoPC T6-B01.jpg
Back
File:TODO-T6-01.jpg
Case
File:TODO-T6-02.jpg
Case
File:TODO-T6-03.jpg
Case
File:TODO-T6-04.jpg
Case

The NanoPC T6 (as “T6”) is an open-sourced mini IoT gateway device with two 2.5G and one Gbps Ethernet ports, designed and developed by FriendlyElec.It is integrated with a Rockchip RK3588 CPU, 4GB/8GB/16GB LPDDR4x RAM and 32GB/64GB/256GB eMMC flash. It supports booting with TF cards and works with operating systems such as FriendlyWrt etc.

The NanoPC T6 has rich hardware resources with a compact PCB size of 110*80mm. FriendlyElec has released a carefully-designed custom CNC housing for it. It has two HDMI-Out port and one HDMI-In port. It works with Android, Debian Desktop and Ubuntu etc and works with headless systems as well. It supports decoding 8K60 H.265/VP9 formatted videos.

The NanoPC T6 has one USB3.0 port and one USB C port, .

All in all, the NanoPC T6 is a board featured with multiple Ethernet ports, light NAS and video playing. It is a cannot-miss platform with infinite possibilities for geeks, fans and developers.

2 Hardware Spec

  • SoC: Rockchip RK3588
    • CPU: Quad-core ARM Cortex-A76(up to 2.4GHz) and quad-core Cortex-A55 CPU (up to 1.8GHz)
    • GPU: Mali-G610 MP4, compatible with OpenGLES 1.1, 2.0, and 3.2, OpenCL up to 2.2 and Vulkan1.2
    • VPU: 8K@60fps H.265 and VP9 decoder, 8K@30fps H.264 decoder, 4K@60fps AV1 decoder, 8K@30fps H.264 and H.265 encoder
    • NPU: 6TOPs, supports INT4/INT8/INT16/FP16
  • RAM: 64-bit 4GB/8GB/16GB LPDDR4X at 2133MHz
  • Flash: 32GB/64GB/256GB eMMC, at HS400 mode
  • microSD: support up to SDR104 mode
  • Ethernet: 2x PCIe 2.5G Ethernet
  • 4G LTE: one mimiPCIe connector and one microSIM slot
  • USB-A: 1x USB 3.0 Type-A
  • USB-C: 1x Full function USB Type‑C™ port, support DP display up to 4Kp60, USB 3.0
  • Video input:
    • 1x Standard HDMI input port, up to 4Kp60
    • 2x 4-lane MIPI-CSI, compatible with MIPI V1.2
  • Video output:
    • 2x Standard HDMI output ports
      • compatible with HDMI2.1, HDMI2.0, and HDMI1.4 operation
      • one support displays up to 7680x4320@60Hz, another one support up to 4Kp60
      • Support RGB/YUV(up to 10bit) format
    • 2x 4-lane MIPI-DSI, compatible with MIPI DPHY 2.0 or CPHY 1.1
  • Audio:
    • 3.5mm jack for stereo headphone output
    • 2.0mm PH-2A connector for analog microphone input
  • GPIO:
    • 40-pin 2.54mm header connector
    • up to 2x SPIs, 6x UARTs, 1x I2Cs, 8x PWMs, 2x I2Ss, 28x GPIOs
  • M.2 Connectors
    • one M.2 M-Key connector with PCIe 3.0 x4
    • one M.2 E-key connector with PCIe 2.1 x1 and USB2.0 Host
  • others:
    • 2 Pin 1.27/1.25mm RTC battery input connector for low power RTC IC HYM8563TS
    • one 38Khz IR receiver
    • MASK button for eMMC update, reset button, and Power button
    • one 5V Fan connector
    • Debug UART, 3-Pin 2.54mm header, 3.3V level, 1500000bps
    • 2 x GPIO Controlled LED (SYS, LED1)
  • Power supply: 5.5*2.1mm DC Jack, 12VDC input.
  • PCB: 8 Layer, 110x80x1.6mm
  • Ambient Operating Temperature: 0℃ to 70℃

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

File:TODO-NanoPC T6 Layout.jpg
NanoPC T6 Layout
  • 40-pin GPIO
Pin# GPIO SPI UART I2C I2S PWM POWER Description
1,17 VCC3V3_SYS_S3 3.3V Power Output, 500mA Max
2,4 VCC_5V0 5V Power Output, 500mA Max
6,9,14,20,25,30,34,39 GND Power and Signal Ground
3 GPIO1_D7 I2C8_SDA_M2 internally pulled up to 3.3V with 2.2K
5 GPIO1_D6 I2C8_SCL_M2 internally pulled up to 3.3V with 2.2K
7 GPIO3_B2 I2S2_SDI_M1 3.3V
8 GPIO0_C5 UART0_TX_M0 PWM4_M0 3.3V
10 GPIO0_C4 UART0_RX_M0 3.3V
11 GPIO3_C2 PWM14_M0 3.3V
12 GPIO3_B7 3.3V
13 GPIO3_C3 PWM15_IR_M0 3.3V
15 GPIO1_A7 3.3V
16 GPIO3_B3 I2S2_SDO_M1 3.3V
18 GPIO3_B4 I2S2_MCLK_M1 3.3V
19 GPIO1_B2 SPI0_MOSI_M2 UART4_RX_M2 3.3V
21 GPIO1_B1 SPI0_MISO_M2 3.3V
22 GPIO1_B5 SPI0_CS1_M0 UART7_TX_M2 3.3V
23 GPIO1_B3 SPI0_CLK_M2 UART4_TX_M2 3.3V
24 GPIO1_B4 SPI0_CS0_M2 UART7_RX_M2 3.3V
26 GPIO1_B0 3.3V
27 GPIO1_A0 UART6_RX_M1 3.3V
28 GPIO1_A1 UART6_TX_M1 3.3V
29 GPIO3_B5 UART3_TX_M1 I2S2_SCLK_M1 PWM12_M0 3.3V
31 GPIO3_B6 UART3_RX_M1 I2S2_LRCK_M1 PWM13_M0 3.3V
32 GPIO0_C6 PWM5_M1 3.3V
33 GPIO3_B0 PWM9_M0 3.3V
35 GPIO3_A0 SPI4_MISO_M1 I2S3_MCLK PWM10_M0 3.3V
36 GPIO3_A3 SPI4_CS0_M1 UART8_RX_M1 I2S3_SDO 3.3V
37 GPIO3_A4 SPI4_CS1_M1 I2S3_SDI 3.3V
38 GPIO3_A1 SPI4_MOSI_M1 I2S3_SCLK 3.3V
40 GPIO3_A2 SPI4_CLK_M1 UART8_TX_M1 I2S3_LRCK 3.3V
  • Debug UART Pin Spec
3.3V level signals, 1500000bps
Pin# Assignment Description
1 GND 0V
2 UART2_TX_M0_DEBUG output
3 UART2_RX_M0_DEBUG intput
    • Power supply via 5.5*2.1mm DC Jack. 5V~20V, 12V is recommended.
Port Max Output Port Max Output
USB-A 3.0 5V/2A USB-C/DP 5V/2A
M.2 M-Key 3.3V/3A M.2 E-Key 3.3V/3A
MIPI-CSI0 5V/0.5A MIPI-CSI1 5V/0.5A
MIPI-DSI0 5V/1A MIPI-DSI1 5V/1A
GPIO 5V/0.5A, 3.3V/0.5A miniPCIe 3.3V/3A
Total 40W
  • RTC
RTC backup current is 0.25μA TYP (VDD =3.0V, TA =25℃).
Connector P/N: Molex 53398-0271
  • IR receiver
Connected to PWM3_IR_M0
38Khz carrier frequency
compatible with NEC protocol, User code is 3B4C
Support power on via IR controller
Support FriendlyELEC RC100 IR controller

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPC-T6 get the following items ready

  • NanoPC-T6
  • MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
  • A DC 12V/2A power
  • If you need to develop and compile,you need a computer that can connect to the Internet. It is recommended to install Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system and use the following script to initialize the development environment:

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

Refer to： TFCardsWeTested

4.3 Configure parameters for serial port

Use the following serial parameters:

Baud rate 1500000
Data bit 8
Parity check None
Stop bit 1
Flow control None

4.4 Install OS

4.4.1 Flash to TF

Visit download linkto download image files (in the "01_Official images/01_SD card images" directory) and utilities (in the "05_Tools" directory)：

Image Files
rk3588-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt lite image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt with Docker image file, based on OpenWrt 21.02, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt lite image file, based on OpenWrt 22.03, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-friendlywrt-22.03-docker-YYYYMMDD.img.gz FriendlyWrt with Docker image file, based on OpenWrt 22.03, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-androidtv-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Android 12 TV
rk3588-sd-android12-YYYYMMDD.img.zip Android 12 Tablet
rk3588-sd-debian-bullseye-core-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 11(Bullseye) Core, no desktop environment, command line only, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-debian-bullseye-minimal-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 11(Bullseye) Desktop, uses Xfce as default desktop, no pre-installed recommended software, supports hardware acceleration, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-debian-bullseye-desktop-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Debian 11(Bullseye) Desktop, uses Xfce as default desktop, pre-installed mpv, smplayer and chromium brower, supports hardware acceleration, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-ubuntu-focal-desktop-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Ubuntu20.04(Focal) Desktop, uses LXQT as default desktop, pre-installed mpv, smplayer and chromium brower, supports hardware acceleration, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-ubuntu-jammy-desktop-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Ubuntu 22.04 with GNOME and Wayland, pre-installed web browser and other recommended software, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-ubuntu-jammy-minimal-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Lightweight Ubuntu 22.04 with GNOME and Wayland, recommended software is not included, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-ubuntu-jammy-x11-desktop-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz Ubuntu 22.04 with Xubuntu and X11, pre-installed Panfrost GPU driver and other recommended software, kernel version 5.10.y
rk3588-sd-friendlycore-focal-5.10-arm64-YYYYMMDD.img.gz 64-bit FriendlyCore image file，pre-installed Qt5， based on Ubuntu core 20.04, kernel version 5.10.y
Other Image
Github Actions FriendlyWrt
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

The detailed steps are as follows:

  • Get an 8G SDHC card and backup its data if necessary;
  • Download and extract the xxx.img.gz and win32diskimager;
  • Run the win32diskimager utility under Windows as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card. Under Linux run "dd" to flash the rkXXXX-sd-OSNAME-YYYYMMDD.img file to your SD card;
  • Take out the SD and insert it to NanoPC-T6's microSD card slot;
  • Power on NanoPC-T6 and it will be booted from your TF card;

4.4.2 Install OS to eMMC

4.4.2.1 Option 1: Install OS on Web Page

Get a TF card which has been installed with FriendlyWrt, log in FriendlyWrt on the web page, click on “System” ->”eMMC Tools”. Click on “Select file” to select your wanted image file, either an official image (filename containing '-sd-') or a third party image. The file should be a “.gz” or “.img” file.
After a file is selected, click on “Upload and Write” to start installing an OS.
Friendlywrt-emmctools2-en.png
After installation is done, eject the SD card, the system will automatically reboot and load the OS from eMMC. After the OS begins to load, if the system LED is flashing and the network LED is on, it means the the OS has loaded successfully. If the OS is FriendlyWrt, you can click on “Go to Homepage” to enter the homepage.
For official OS, you need select the file with the filename containing '-sd-', for example: rk3NNN-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-YYYYMMDD.img.gz, the compression file only supports the .gz format. If the file is too large, you can compress it into .gz format before uploading.

4.4.2.2 Option 2: Install OS via TF Card

This method firstly boots a mini Linux from a TF card and then automatically runs an EFlasher utility to install the OS to eMMC. You can connect your system to an HDMI monitor and watch its progress.
This is optional. You can watch its progress by observing its LEDs as well:

Progress

SYS LED(Red)

Power On

Solid On

System Boot

Slow Flashing

Installation in Progress

Fast Flashing

Installation Done

Slow Flashing

By default, flashing starts automatically upon power-up, so be sure to back up the data in eMMC. If you don't want it to start automatically, you can use image file with a filename containing the words 'multiple-os' and manually select the OS you want to flash on the interface.

4.4.2.2.1 Flash Official OS to eMMC

Follow the steps below:

  • Get an SDHC card with a minimum capacity of 8G
  • Visit download linkto download image files (in the "01_Official images/02_SD-to-eMMC images" directory) and win32diskimager tool (in the "05_Tools" directory);
  • Extract the .gz format compressed file to get the .img format image file;
  • Run the win32diskimager utility under Windows as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
  • Eject your SD card and insert it to NanoPC-T6’s microSD card slot.
  • Turn on NanoPC-T6, it will boot from the SD card and automatically run EFlasher to install the OS to the board’s eMMC.
  • After flashing is complete, eject the SD card from NanoPC-T6, NanoPC-T6 will automatically reboot and boot from eMMC.
4.4.2.2.2 Flash third party OS (Image file) to eMMC
  • Auto Install (Default Behavior)

1) Download an “eflasher” firmware from network drive(in the "01_Official images/02_SD-to-eMMC images" directory), extract it and install it to a TF card ;
2) Eject and insert the TF card to your PC, after a “FriendlyARM” device shows up(Under Linux, it is a “FriendlyARM” directory), copy an .img or .gz file to the TF card.
3) Open the eflasher.conf file on the TF card, set “autoStart=” to the name of your image file, such as:

autoStart=openwrt-rockchip-armv8_nanopi-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz

Anyone of the files that contain “-sd-” will work. for example: rk3NNN-sd-friendlywrt-21.02-YYYYMMDD.img.gz
4) Eject the TF card, insert the TF card to NanoPC-T6, power it on it will automatically install your firmware. You can watch the installation progress by observing the LEDs’ status.

4.4.2.3 Option 3: Install OS via USB
4.4.2.3.1 Step 1: Install USB Driver and Tools/Utilities

Download a driver file DriverAssitant_v5.1.1.zip under the “tools” directory from network drive, extract and install it.
Under the same directory, download a utility RKDevTool_Release_v2.84.zip and extract it.

4.4.2.3.2 Step 2: Connect NanoPC-T6 to PC and Enter Installation Mode

1) Disconnect the connected USB cable and the power cord from NanoPC-T6, eject the TF card;
2) Press and hold the “Mask” key, power on the board. After the status LED has been on for at least 3 seconds, release the Mask key.
3) Use a USB C-to-A cable, connect NanoPC-T6 to a PC.

4.4.2.3.3 Step 3: Install image to eMMC

A firmware in general is packaged in either of the two options: the first is an whole image (ie, update.img) which is often offered by third party developers, the second is that an image is packaged and placed in multiple partition images. FriendlyElec offers an image in the latter option.

  • Option 1: Install whole image (ie, update.img)

On a PC which has the extracted RKDevTool_Release_v2.84 utility, go to the RKDevTool_Release_v2.84 directory, run the RKDevTool.exe file. If everything works, you will see a “Found a new Maskrom device” message on the utility;
Go to “Upgrade Firmware(升级固件)”, click on “Firmware(固件)”, select your wanted image file, and click on “Upgrade(升级)” to install. After installation is done, your board will reboot automatically and load the system from eMMC;

  • Option 2: Install OS that is packaged & placed in multiple partition images

Go to network drive to download your needed package and extract it (in the "01_Official images/03_USB upgrade images). After it is extracted, you will see some utilities and a configuration file under the directory. double click on RKDevTool.exe, you will see a “Found a new Maskrom device” message on the utility. Click on the “Execute”, wait a moment and it will be installed. After installation is done your system will automatically reboot and load the system from eMMC.

4.5 The Boot order between eMMC and SD card

By default, the system will be booted from the TF card first, but this is not the case under all conditions. This section will explain all situations in detail;

Refer to rockchip official document [1], there are two types of loader program:
1) U-Boot TPL/SPL (i.e. upsream U-Boot, also called mainline U-Boot)
2) Rockchip MiniLoader

Things to note:
1) FriendlyELEC's image uses Rockchip MiniLoader
2) The third-party image usually uses U-Boot TPL/SPL

The following situations will always start from eMMC:
If the system in the eMMC, or the system in the TF card uses the first Loader type U-Boot TPL/SPL, it will always boot from the eMMC;
If you want to boot from the TF card, there are the following methods:
Method 1: Clear the Loader on the eMMC, the clearing method is as follows, after starting from the eMMC, enter the following command on the command line to clear the Loader on the eMMC: 

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk2 bs=8M count=1

Method 2: Insert the TF card, Press Maskrom Key (or short-circuit the Maskrom contacts) and then power on (need to keep the short-circuit for about 3 seconds), it will start from the TF card

The summary is as follows:

eMMC current system TF card current system Boot priority
No system Any image TF card
FriendlyELEC's image FriendlyELEC's image TF card
FriendlyELEC's image Image with Mainline U-boot eMMC
Image with Mainline U-boot FriendlyELEC's image eMMC
Image with Mainline U-boot Image with Mainline U-boot eMMC

5 Work with FriendlyWrt

5.1 Introduction to FriendlyWrt

FriendlyWrt is a customized system made by FriendlyElec based on an OpenWrt distribution. It is open source and well suitable for developing IoT applications, NAS applications etc.

5.2 First boot

For the first boot, the system needs to do the following initialization work：
1）Extended root file system
2）Initial setup（will execute /root/setup.sh)
So you need to wait for a while (about 2~3 minutes) to boot up for the first time, and then set FriendlyWrt, you can enter the ttyd terminal on the openwrt webpage, when the prompt is displayed as root@FriendlyWrt, it means the system has been initialized. 

root@FriendlyWrt

5.3 Account & Password

The default password is password (empty password in some versions). Please set or change a safer password for web login and ssh login. It is recommended to complete this setting before connecting NanoPC-T6 to the Internet.

5.4 Login FriendlyWrt

Connect the PC to the LAN port of NanoPC-T6. If your PC without a built-in ethernet port, connect the LAN port of the wireless AP to the LAN port of NanoPC-T6, and then connect your PC to the wireless AP via WiFi , Enter the following URL on your PC's browser to access the admin page:

The above is the LAN port address of NanoPC-T6. The IP address of the WAN port will be dynamically obtained from your main router through DHCP.

5.5 Recommended security settings

The following settings are highly recommended to complete before connecting NanoPC-T6 to the Internet。

  • Set a secure password
  • Only allow access to ssh from lan, change the port
  • Check the firewall settings

Set up as you wish.

5.6 Change LAN IP in LuCI

1) Click on Network → Interfaces, then click on the Edit button of the LAN Network;
2) In General Setup tab, input new IP address (for example: 192.168.11.1), click "Save" and then click "Save & Apply";
3) On the pop-up window with the title “Connectivity change“, click "Apply and revert on connectivity loss";
4) Wait a moment, enter the new address in your computer's browser and login to FriendlyWrt;

5.7 Safe shutdown operation

Enter the "Services" -> "Terminal", enter the "poweroff" command and hit enter, wait until the led light is off, and then unplug the power supply.

5.8 Soft Factory Reset

Enter "System"->"Backup/Flash firmware"，Click “Perform reset“ Button, Your device's settings will be reset to defaults like when FriendlyWrt was first installed.
You can also do this in the terminal: 

firstboot && reboot

5.9 Install Software Packages

5.9.1 Set up openwrt official opkg source

sed -i -e 's/mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/downloads.openwrt.org/g' /etc/opkg/distfeeds.conf
opkg update

5.9.2 Update Package List

Before install software packages update the package list: 

$ opkg update

5.9.3 List Available Packages

$ opkg list

5.9.4 List Installed Packages

$ opkg list-installed

5.9.5 Install Packages

$ opkg install <package names>

5.9.6 Remove Packages

$ opkg remove <package names>

5.10 Disable IPv6

. /root/setup.sh
disable_ipv6
reboot

5.11 Configure the function of the user button

By default, the user button is configured to reboot the device, as shown below: 

echo 'BTN_1 1 /sbin/reboot' >> /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/example.conf

You can change its behavior by changing the configuration file above.

5.12 Configuring Quectel EC20 (4G module) dial-up networking

  • Go to "Network" -> "Interfaces"
  • Click "Delete" next to "WAN6", then click "Save & Apply"
  • Click "Edit" next to "WAN", in the "Device" drop-down menu, select "Ethernet Adapter: wwan0", in the "Protocol" drop-down menu, select "QMI Cellular" and click "Switch Protocol"
  • Click the "Modem Device" drop-down menu, select "/dev/cdc-wdm0", fill in the APN information (e.g. for China Mobile, enter "cmnet")
  • Click "Save" to close the dialog, Finally, click "Save & Apply" at the bottom of the page to initiate the dial-up process
  • Devices connected to LAN will have access to the Internet, If your device has a WiFi module, you can enable wireless AP functionality on the "Wireless" page and connect to the Internet via devices connected wirelessly

5.13 Some common issues of FriendlyWrt

  • Unable to dial up
    • Go to "Network" -> "Firewall" and set "Inbound Data", "Outbound Data" and "Forwarding" in "WAN Zone" to "Accept";
    • If you still cannot access the Internet, you can try to turn off IPV6;
  • Dial-up successful, but no outgoing traffic
    • Go to "Services" -> "Terminal" and type "fw4 reload" to try to reload the firewall settings again;
  • Unable to power on
    • Try to replace the power adapter and cable. It is recommended to use a power supply with specifications above 5V/2A;
    • Note that some fast chargers with Type-C interface will have a delay, it may take a few seconds to start providing power;
  • When doing secondary routing, the computer cannot connect to the Internet
    • If your main network is IPv4, and NanoPC-T6 works in IPv6, the computer may not be able to connect to the Internet. It is recommended to turn off IPv6 (the method is described later in this WiKi), or switch the main route to IPv6;
  • If you have questions or have better suggestions, please send an email to techsupport@friendlyarm.com;

5.14 Use USB2LCD to view IP and temperature

Plug the USB2LCD module to the USB interface ofNanoPC-T6 and power on, the IP address and CPU temperature will be displayed on the LCD:
Xxx-usb2lcd-01.png


5.15 How to use M.2 WiFi

  • M.2 WiFi models supported: rtl8822ce

5.15.1 AP Mode

  • FriendlyWrt's wireless function is disabled by default, to enable WiFi, you can click "Network > Wireless", and then click the "Enable" button.
  • Search for a WiFi hotspot with a name like FriendlyWrt-xx:yy:zz on your phone, enter the default password "password" to connect.

5.15.2 Wireless Repeater Mode

NanoPiAPMode.jpg

  • Connect to the wireless router

Click "Network" -> "Wireless", Click the "Scan" button next to "Generic MAC80211 802.11ac/b/g/n" to scan for networks, select the router you want to connect and then click the "Join Network" button,
In the network joining configuration page, turn on "Replace wireless configuration", enter the key in the "WPA passphrase" field, keep other configurations as default, click "Submit",
Click "Advanced Settings", input "wlan0" in "Interface Name" field, and then click "Save",
Finally, click "Save and Apply", if normal, you can see the IP address on the FriendlyWrt homepage.

  • Create wireless hotspot

Click "Network" -> "Wireless", Click the "Add" button next to "Generic MAC80211 802.11ac/b/g/n"，the "Edit wireless network" page will pop up，
Set the wireless channel in the "Operating frequency" field (e.g., "40 (5200 MHz)"),
In the "ESSID" field, input the hotspot name,
In the "Network" field, select "lan",
Click on "Wireless Security", set the encryption type,
Click "Advanced Settings", input "wlan1" in "Interface Name" field, then click "Save" and "Save and Apply",
It requires a reboot to take effect, click on "System" menu, then select "Reboot".

5.16 How to use USB WiFi

5.16.1 Check USB WiFi Device with Command Line Utility

(1) Click on "services>ttyd" to start the command line utility

(2) Make sure no USB devices are connected to your board and run the following command to check if any USB devices are connected or not

lsusb

(3) Connect a USB WiFi device to the board and run the command again

lsusb

You will see a new device is detected. In our test the device's ID was 0BDA:C811

(4) Type your device's ID (in our case it was "0BDA:C811" or "VID_0BDA&PID_C811") in a search engine and you may find a device that matches the ID. In our case the device we got was Realtek 8811CU.

5.16.2 Configure a USB WiFi Device as AP

(1) Connect a USB WiFi device to the NanoPC-T6. We recommend you to use the following devices:
R2swrt+usbwifi-20210831.jpg
Note: devices that match these VID&PIDs would most likely work.
(2) Click on "System>Reboot" and reboot your NanoPC-T6

(3) Click on "Network>Wireless" to enter the WiFi configuration page

(4) Click on "Edit" to edit the configuration

(5) On the "Interface Configuration" page you can set the WiFi mode and SSID, and then go to "Wireless Security" to change the password. By default the password is "password". After you make your changes click on "Save" to save

(6) After you change the settings you can use a smartphone or PC to search for WiFi

5.16.3 Common USB WiFi issues

1) It is recommended to plug in the usb wifi in the off state, then power it on, FriendlyWrt will automatically generate the configuration file /etc/config/wireless, if not, see if there is wlan0 by ifconfig -a, if there is no wlan0, usually there is no driver.
2) If ifconfig -a sees wlan0, but the hotspot is not working properly, try changing the channel and country code, an inappropriate country code can also cause the WiFi to not work.
3) Some USB WiFis (e.g. MTK MT7662) work in CD-ROM mode by default and need to be switched by usb_modeswitch, you can try to add usb_modeswitch configuration to the following directory: /etc/usb_modeswitch.d.

5.16.4 Change the default WiFi hotspot configuration

FriendlyWrt sets the country, hotspot name and other parameters for USB WiFi by default, with the aim of being as plug-and-play as possible, but this does not guarantee that all modules will be compatible with this setting, you can change these behaviors by modifying the following file： 

/lib/wifi/mac80211.sh

5.17 Work with Docker Applications

5.17.1 Work with Docker: Install JellyFin

mkdir -p /jellyfin/config
mkdir -p /jellyfin/videos
docker run --restart=always -d -p 8096:8096 -v /jellyfin/config:/config -v /jellyfin/videos:/videos jellyfin/jellyfin:10.1.0-arm64 -name myjellyfin

After installation, visit port 8096 and here is what you would find:
FriendlyWrt+JerryFin

5.17.2 Work with Docker: Install Personal Nextcloud

mkdir /nextcloud -p
docker run -d -p 8888:80  --name nextcloud  -v /nextcloud/:/var/www/html/ --restart=always --privileged=true  arm64v8/nextcloud

After installtion, visit port 8888.

5.17.3 Expand Docker Storage

  • Stop docker service first:
/etc/init.d/dockerd stop
  • Rename the original /opt directory, create an empty /opt directory:
mv /opt /opt-old && mkdir /opt
  • Format your drive as ext4, and mount it to the /opt directory:

Friendlywrt mount nvme opt-en.jpg

  • Enter the command "mount | grep /opt" to check the mount status:
root@FriendlyWrt:~# mount | grep /opt
/dev/nvme0n1p1 on /opt type ext4 (rw,relatime)
root@FriendlyWrt:~#
  • Copy the files from the original /opt directory to the new /opt directory:
cp -af /opt-old/* /opt/ && rm -rf /opt-old
  • Reboot the device
reboot
  • After reboot, go to the "Docker" -> "Overview" page, check the information in the "Docker Root Dir" line, you can see that the Docker space has been expanded:

Friendlywrt docker info-en.jpg

5.17.4 Docker FAQ and solutions

5.17.4.1 Unable to access the network services provided by the Docker container

Solution:

  • Go to the "Firewall" settings and set "Forwarding" to "Accept";
  • Turn off "Software Offload";

5.18 Mount smbfs

mount -t cifs //192.168.1.10/shared /movie -o username=xxx,password=yyy,file_mode=0644

5.19 Use sdk to compile the package

5.19.1 Install the compilation environment

Download and run the following script on 64-bit Ubuntu (version 18.04+): How to setup the Compiling Environment on Ubuntu bionic

5.19.2 Download and decompress sdk from the network disk

The sdk is located in the toolchain directory of the network disk: 

tar xvf openwrt-sdk-*-rockchip-armv8_gcc-11.2.0_musl.Linux-x86_64.tar.xz
# If the path is too long, it will cause some package compilation errors, so change the directory name here
mv openwrt-sdk-*-rockchip-armv8_gcc-11.2.0_musl.Linux-x86_64 sdk
cd sdk
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a

5.19.3 Compile the package

download the source code of the example (a total of 3 examples are example1, example2, example3), and copy to the package directory: 

git clone https://github.com/mwarning/openwrt-examples.git
cp -rf openwrt-examples/example* package/
rm -rf openwrt-examples/

Then enter the configuration menu through the following command: 

make menuconfig

In the menu, select the following packages we want to compile (actually selected by default): 

"Utilities" => "example1"
"Utilities" => "example3"
"Network" => "VPN" => "example2"

execute the following commands to compile the three software packages: 

make package/example1/compile V=99
make package/example2/compile V=99
make package/example3/compile V=99

After the compilation is successful, you can find the ipk file in the bin directory, as shown below: 

$ find ./bin -name example*.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example3_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example1_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/example2_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk

5.19.4 Install the ipk to NanoPi

You can use the scp command to upload the ipk file to NanoPi: 

cd ./bin/packages/aarch64_generic/base/
scp example*.ipk root@192.168.2.1:/root/

Then use the opkg command to install them: 

cd /root/
opkg install example3_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
opkg install example1_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk
opkg install example2_1.0.0-220420.38257_aarch64_generic.ipk

5.20 Build FriendlyWrt using GitHub Actions

Please refre this link: https://github.com/friendlyarm/Actions-FriendlyWrt

6 Work with Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop

6.1 Introduction to Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop

Ubuntu 22.04 Desktop has the following features：

  • Uses GNOME 42 as default desktop;
  • Uses Wayland as default display server;
  • Mali GPU-based OpenGL ES support;
  • Support Rockhip MPP video hard coding and hard decoding;
  • Pre-installed mpv and kodi, support video hardware decoding;
  • Compatible with Docker and Plex server;

Ubuntu2204desktop.png

6.2 Account & Password

Regular Account:
    User Name: pi
    Password: pi

Root:
    User Name: root
    Password: fa

6.3 View IP address

Since the hostname is FriendlyElec.lan by default, you can use the ping command to get the IP address: 

ping FriendlyElec.lan

6.4 Connect to Ubuntu via SSH

ssh pi@FriendlyElec.lan

The default password is: pi

6.5 Update Software Packages

$ sudo apt-get update

6.6 Install Ubuntu software center

$ sudo apt-get install snapd
$ sudo snap install snap-store

6.7 Install the kernel-header package

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

try to compile a kernel module: 

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git gcc make bc
git clone https://github.com/RinCat/RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver.git
cd RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
sudo modprobe 88x2bu

6.8 Change time zone

6.8.1 Check the current time zone

timedatectl

6.8.2 List all available time zones

timedatectl list-timezones

6.8.3 Set the time zone (e.g. Shanghai)

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

6.9 Change startup LOGO and Wallpaper

Replace the following two files in the kernel source code directory and recompile the kernel：
kernel/logo.bmp
kernel/logo_kernel.bmp
Or use the script to operate, as shown below：

  • Download scripts:
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3588.git -b kernel-6.1.y
cd sd-fuse_rk3588
  • Compile kernel and repackage firmware
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo.bmp
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo_kernel.bmp
LOGO=/tmp/logo.bmp KERNEL_LOGO=/tmp/logo_kernel.bmp ./build-kernel.sh ubuntu-jammy-desktop-arm64
./mk-emmc-image.sh ubuntu-jammy-desktop-arm64

6.10 Soft Factory Reset

Execute the following command in a terminal: 

sudo firstboot && sudo reboot

6.11 Start the program automatically at startup(For example Firefox)

Put the desktop file in the ~/.config/autostart/ directory, for example： 

mkdir ~/.config/autostart/
cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

6.12 Disable auto-mounting

sudo systemctl mask udisks2
sudo reboot

6.13 Setup Chinese language and Input method

6.13.1 Setup Chinese language

Enter the following command and select 'zh_CN.UTF-8': 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Add environment variables to .bashrc: 

echo "export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc

Reboot device: 

sudo reboot

6.14 Video playback with hardware decoding

6.14.1 GUI

  • Locate the video file in the file browser, right click and select "Play with mpv media player"
  • Using Kodi player
  • Using Chromium web browser, you can play videos on the web with hardware decoding (limited to the video formats supported by the CPU)

6.14.2 Command line

  • Play local video file
export DISPLAY=:0.0
mpv --fs /home/pi/Videos/demo.mp4
  • Play web-video
export DISPLAY=:0.0
mpv --fs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK-nYDmC1Dk

6.15 How to Install Plex Media Server

Run the following command to install: 

echo deb https://downloads.plex.tv/repo/deb public main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/plexmediaserver.list
curl https://downloads.plex.tv/plex-keys/PlexSign.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install plexmediaserver

After successful installation, enable Plex (starts automatically at system startup): 

sudo systemctl enable plexmediaserver
sudo systemctl start plexmediaserver
sudo systemctl status plexmediaserver

After installation, login to Plex server by entering the following address in your computer browser: http://IPAddress:32400/web/

6.16 Install Docker Engine

6.16.1 Install Docker Engine

sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg lsb-release
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

Let’s verify: 

sudo docker info

6.16.2 Run Docker as a non-root user

sudo groupadd docker
sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo chmod a+rw /var/run/docker.sock

Let’s verify: 

docker images

6.16.3 Testing Docker: Installing Nextcloud with docker

mkdir ~/nextcloud -p
docker run -d -p 8888:80  --name nextcloud  -v ~/nextcloud/:/var/www/html/ --restart=always --privileged=true  arm64v8/nextcloud

After installation, visit: http://Device-IP-Address:8888 on your computer browser to view the nextcloud web page.

6.17 Disable Automatic Login

Edit the /etc/gdm3/custom.conf file, set AutomaticLoginEnable to false: 

[daemon]
AutomaticLoginEnable = false

6.18 WiFi Connection

6.18.1 Gui

Click on the icon on the top right in the FriendlyDesktop's main window, select your wanted WiFi hotspot and proceed with prompts

6.18.2 Console

Please visit: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

6.19 Test OpenGL ES

First, change the CPU governor to performance: 

sudo sh -c 'echo performance > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_governor'
sudo sh -c 'echo performance > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy4/scaling_governor'
sudo sh -c 'echo performance > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy6/scaling_governor'

Start glmark2-es2-wayland: 

glmark2-es2-wayland

6.20 Chromium web browser

6.20.1 GPU

Chromium web browser has enabled hardware acceleration by default, supports WebGL, and can view hardware acceleration details by entering the URL chrome://gpu, as shown below:
Rk35xx-ubuntu-chromium-gpu.png

6.20.2 VPU

Play a video in the browser, then use fuser on the command line to view the mpp device node to confirm that the vpu interface is being called: 

pi@FriendlyElec:~$ fuser /dev/mpp_service
/dev/mpp_service:     3258

If there is no content output from the fuser command, it means software decoding.

6.20.3 Check Supported Hardware Decoding Formats

Enter about://gpu in your browser's address bar and scroll to the bottom of the page to view the "Video Acceleration Information" table.
After playing a video, enter about://media-internals in your browser's address bar to check if hardware decoding was enabled for the most recent playback.

7 Android TV Guide

Android TV is an Android version specially created for TV with the following features:

  • Support infrared remote control;
  • Support wired network;
  • Support USB WiFi;
  • Support video hard decoding;

AndroidTV12.png

7.1 WiFi models supported by Android

7.1.1 M.2 WiFi Module

  • RTW8822CE
7.1.1.1 Usb Dongle
  • RTL8821CU (Vid: 0BDA, Pid: C811) (Test sample:TP-Link TL-WDN5200H)
  • RTL8812AU (Vid: 0BDA, Pid: 8812)
  • MediaTek MT7662 (Vid: 0E8D, Pid: 7612) (Test sample:COMFAST CF-WU782AC V2)

7.2 How to use ADB

7.2.1 USB connection

Please note: After turning on the ADB, the USB3 port will work in Device mode, if you need to connect a device such as a USB stick, you need to turn off the ADB and restart the board
In general, ADB is disabled by default, please follow the steps below to enable it:

  • Connect your development board to your computer using a USB A-to-A data cable, referring to the figure below, be sure to connect it to the USB port closest to the edge:

400px

7.2.2 For Android Tablet

  • Go to Settings -> About tablet -> tap the "Build number" at the bottom of the screen 7 times in a row;
  • Go to Settings -> System -> Advance -> Developer options, and check the box for USB debugging;
  • Reboot

7.2.3 For Android TV

  • Click the Settings icon -> Device Preferences -> About -> tap the "Android TV OS build" at the bottom of the screen 7 times in a row;
  • Click the Settings icon -> Device Preferences -> Developer options, and check the box for USB debugging;
  • Reboot

7.2.4 Using ADB

  • Install ADB drivers and commands based on your operating system;
  • Normally, the Android status bar will prompt "USB debugging connected", indicating that ADB has been enabled. Enter the following command on your computer to check the connection：
$ adb devices
List of devices attached
27f7a63caa3faf16	device
  • Enter adb shell:
$ adb shell
nanopi3:/ $

8 Work with Debian11 Desktop

8.1 Introduction to Debian11 Desktop

Debian11 Desktop is a light-weighted debian desktop system，it has the following features：

  • Uses LXDE as default desktop;
  • Mali GPU-based OpenGL support;
  • Support Rockhip MPP video hard coding and hard decoding;
  • Pre-installed mpv and smplayer, both support 4K video hardware decoding;
  • Pre-installed Chromium browser, support vpu/gpu hardware acceleration (video hard decoding limited to h264/mp4 format);
  • Compatible with Plex Server and Docker;

Debian10-lxde.png

8.2 Account & Password

Regular Account:
    User Name: pi
    Password: pi

Root:
    the root user account is disabled by default, you may configure the root password through the 'sudo passwd root' command.

8.3 View IP address

Since the Debian Bullseye hostname is the hardware model by default, you can use the ping command to get the IP address:ping NanoPC-T6

8.4 Connect to Debian via SSH

Run the following commandssh pi@NanoPC-T6
The default password is: pi

8.5 Update Software Packages

$ sudo apt-get update

8.6 Install x11vnc Server on Debian for Remote Access

8.6.1 Install x11vnc server

The following command to install x11vnc server: 

sudo apt-get install x11vnc

8.6.2 Set your password

sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pwd

8.6.3 Setup x11vnc server with systemd auto start up

Create service configuration file: 

sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service

Let’s copy and paste the following configuration into our newly create service file: 

[Unit]
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
Requires=display-manager.service
After=syslog.target network-online.target
Wants=syslog.target network-online.target
 
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -display :0 -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pwd -rfbport 5900 -shared -capslock -nomodtweak
ExecStop=/usr/bin/x11vnc -R stop
Restart=on-failure
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

The following commands to reload the systmd system and to enable and start the x11vnc service: 

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc.service
sudo systemctl start x11vnc

8.6.4 Testing remote access

Start the VNC client software, input IP:5900 to connect:
Debian10-x11vnc.png

8.7 Install the kernel-header package

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

try to compile a kernel module: 

sudo apt update
sudo apt install git gcc make bc
git clone https://github.com/RinCat/RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver.git
cd RTL88x2BU-Linux-Driver
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
sudo modprobe 88x2bu

8.8 Change time zone

8.8.1 Check the current time zone

timedatectl

8.8.2 List all available time zones

timedatectl list-timezones

8.8.3 Set the time zone (e.g. Shanghai)

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

8.9 Change startup LOGO and Wallpaper

8.9.1 Change startup LOGO

Replace the following two files in the kernel source code directory and recompile the kernel：
kernel/logo.bmp
kernel/logo_kernel.bmp
Or use the script to operate, as shown below：

  • Download scripts:
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3588.git -b kernel-6.1.y --single-branch
cd sd-fuse_rk3588
  • Compile kernel and repackage firmware
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo.bmp
convert files/logo.jpg -type truecolor /tmp/logo_kernel.bmp
sudo LOGO=/tmp/logo.bmp KERNEL_LOGO=/tmp/logo_kernel.bmp ./build-kernel.sh debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64
sudo ./mk-sd-image.sh debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64
sudo ./mk-emmc-image.sh debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64

Note: If your system is not debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64, please specify according to the actual situation

8.9.2 Change Wallpaper

Modify the following configuration file: 

/home/pi/.config/pcmanfm/LXDE/desktop-items-0.conf

8.10 Soft Factory Reset

Execute the following command in a terminal: 

sudo firstboot && sudo reboot

8.11 Start the program automatically at startup(For example Kodi)

Put the desktop file in the ~/.config/autostart/ directory, for example： 

mkdir ~/.config/autostart/
cp /usr/share/applications/kodi.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

8.12 Disable auto-mounting

sudo systemctl mask udisks2
sudo reboot

8.13 Setup Chinese language and Input method

8.13.1 Setup Chinese language

Enter the following command and select 'zh_CN.UTF-8': 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Add environment variables to .bashrc: 

echo "export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8" >> ~/.bashrc

Reboot device: 

sudo reboot

8.13.2 Installing Chinese input method

Enter the following command to install fcitx and Pinyin input method: 

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install fcitx fcitx-pinyin
sudo apt-get install im-config
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table*
sudo apt-get install fcitx-ui-classic fcitx-ui-light
sudo apt-get install fcitx-frontend-gtk2 fcitx-frontend-gtk3 fcitx-frontend-qt4
sudo apt-get remove --purge scim* ibus*
sudo reboot

After reboot, press Ctrl+Space to switch between Chinese and English input methods, and the input method icon will appear in the upper right corner, right-click the input method icon in the upper right corner to switch input methods in the pop-up menu, as shown below:
Debian10-chinese-im.png

8.14 Installing Plex Multimedia Server

Visit the Plex website: https://www.plex.tv/media-server-downloads/
On the download page, select the category "Plex Media Server", choose "Linux" for the platform and "Ubuntu(16.04+)/Debian(8+) - ARMv8" for the version,
After downloading the deb package, use the dpkg command to install the package: 

sudo dpkg -i plexmediaserver_1.31.0.6654-02189b09f_arm64.deb

After installation, login to the Plex server by typing the following URL into your computer browser: http://IP地址:32400/web/

8.15 Install Docker on Debian

Please refer to: How to Install Docker on Debian

8.16 How to test NPU

Please refer to: NPU

8.17 WiFi Connection

8.17.1 Gui

Click on the icon on the top right in the Debian's main window, select your wanted WiFi hotspot and proceed with prompts

8.17.2 Console

Please visit: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

8.18 Cancel auto-login

Edit file: 

sudo vim /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Comment out the following two lines (insert # in front of them): 

autologin-user=pi
autologin-user-timeout=0

8.19 Test OpenGL ES

You can test it by clicking on the Terminator icon to start a commandline utility in the System Tools and run the following commands: 

glmark2-es2

8.20 HDMI/DP LCD Resolution

Open the system's menu and go to Perferences -> Monitor Settings to customize your settings.
Recommended resolution: 1920x1080@60Hz

8.21 Adjust HDMI overscan

Open the command line terminal and enter the command to operate, Note:
1) You need to login to the desktop;
2) If you are using ssh terminal, please use the same username as the desktop login. The default is pi. You cannot use the root user. you also need to assign the DISPLAY variable:

export DISPLAY=:0.0

8.21.1 Query which resolutions the display supports

xrandr -q

8.21.2 Set resolution

For example set to 1920X1080@60Hz: 

xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 --refresh 60

8.21.3 Adjust the HDMI overscan

For example, the transformation scaling horizontal coordinates by 0.8, vertical coordinates by 1.04 and moving the screen by 35 pixels right and 19 pixels down: 

xrandr --output HDMI-1 --transform 0.80,0,-35,0,1.04,-19,0,0,1

8.21.4 Automatic adjustment at boot

Edit ~/.config/autostart/lxrandr-autostart.desktop，Write the full xrandr command to the key at the beginning of "Exec= as shown below： 

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=LXRandR autostart
Comment=Start xrandr with settings done in LXRandR
Exec=sh -c 'xrandr --output HDMI-1 --mode 1920x1080 --refresh 50 --transform 1.04,0,-35,0,1.05,-30,0,0,1'
OnlyShowIn=LXDE

8.22 Chromium web browser

8.22.1 GPU

Chromium web browser has enabled hardware acceleration by default, supports WebGL, and can view hardware acceleration details by entering the URL chrome://gpu, as shown below:
Rk35xx-debian-chromium-gpu.png

8.22.2 VPU

Play a video in the browser, then use fuser on the command line to view the mpp device node to confirm that the vpu interface is being called: 

pi@FriendlyElec:~$ fuser /dev/mpp_service
/dev/mpp_service:     3258

If there is no content output from the fuser command, it means software decoding.

8.23 Test hardware encoding

mpi_enc_test -w 1920 -h 1080 -t 7 -f 0 -o test.h264 -n 300
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/0
ffplay test.h264

8.23.1 Check Supported Hardware Decoding Formats

Enter about://gpu in your browser's address bar and scroll to the bottom of the page to view the "Video Acceleration Information" table.
After playing a video, enter about://media-internals in your browser's address bar to check if hardware decoding was enabled for the most recent playback.

9 Work with Debian10 Desktop

10 Work with FriendlyCore

10.1 FriendlyCore User Account

  • Non-root User:
   User Name: pi
   Password: pi
  • Root:
   User Name: root
   Password: fa

10.2 Update Software Packages

$ sudo apt-get update

10.3 Setup Network Configurations

10.3.1 Set static IP address

By default "eth0" is assigned an IP address obtained via dhcp. If you want to change the setting you need to change the following file: 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

For example if you want to assign a static IP to it you can run the following commands: 

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.231
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1

The other ethernet port are set up with static IP addresses, as follows:
eth1: 192.168.2.1

10.3.2 Set a DNS

You also need to modify the following file to add the DNS configuration: 

vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

For example, set to 192.168.1.1: 

[Resolve]
DNS=192.168.1.1

Restart the systemd-resolved service with the following command: 

sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
sudo systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service

10.3.3 Set up to use another network interface

To change the setting of "eth1" you can add a new file similar to eth0's configuration file under the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory.

10.4 Setup Wi-Fi

First, use the following command to check if Network-Manager is installed on your system: 

which nmcli

If you have installed it, refer to this link to connect to WiFi: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings, If you do not have Network-Manager installed on your system, please refer to the following method to configure WiFi,
By default the WiFi device is "wlan0". You need to create a configuration file under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/" for WiFi: 

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

Here is a sample wlan0 file: 

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

Please replace "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" with your WiFiESSID and password. After save and close the file you can connect to your WiFi source by running the following command: 

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart networking

After you power on your board it will automatically connect to your WiFi source.
Please note that if you use one TF card to boot multiple boards the WiFi device name will likely be named to "wlan1", "wlan2" and etc. You can reset it to "wlan0" by deleting the contents of the following file and reboot your board: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

10.4.1 WiFi models supported

10.4.1.1 M.2 WiFi Module
  • RTL8822CE
10.4.1.2 Usb Dongle
  • RTL8821CU (Vid: 0BDA, Pid: C811) (Test sample:TP-Link TL-WDN5200H)
  • RTL8812AU (Vid: 0BDA, Pid: 8812)
  • MediaTek MT7662 (Vid: 0E8D, Pid: 7612) (Test sample:COMFAST CF-WU782AC V2)

10.5 Install the kernel-header package

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

10.6 Config status LEDs

First determine whether the system already exists the leds initialization service: 

sudo systemctl status leds

If the leds service already exists, change the default behavior of the LEDs by editing the following file: 

/etc/init.d/leds.sh

Since there is no leds service in the early firmware, you need to refer to the following guide to manually configure the LEDs. First, set the following kernel modules to be automatically loaded at boot:

modprobe ledtrig-netdev
echo ledtrig-netdev > /etc/modules-load.d/ledtrig-netdev.conf

Put the following into the autorun script to associate the status leds with the ethernet interface, and you can configure it to behave in other ways by referring to these content:

echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/usr_led/trigger
echo eth0 > /sys/class/leds/usr_led/device_name
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/usr_led/link

11 How to Compile

11.1 Build Openwrt/Friendlywrt

11.1.1 Download Code

Two versions are available, please choose as required:

11.1.1.1 FriendlyWrt 22.03.2
mkdir friendlywrt22-rk3588
cd friendlywrt22-rk3588
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v22.03 \
        -m rk3588.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle
11.1.1.2 FriendlyWrt 21.02.5
mkdir friendlywrt21-rk3588
cd friendlywrt21-rk3588
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v21.02 \
        -m rk3588.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle

11.1.2 First compilation step

./build.sh rk3588.mk  # or rk3588-docker.mk

All the components (including u-boot, kernel, and friendlywrt) are compiled and the sd card image will be generated, then execute the following command to generate the image file for installing the system into the emmc: 

./build.sh emmc-img

After making changes to the project, the sd card image needs to be repackaged by running the following command: 

./build.sh sd-img

11.1.3 Secondary compilation steps

cd friendlywrt
make menuconfig
rm -rf ./tmp
make -j${nproc}
cd ../
./build.sh sd-img
./build.sh emmc-img

11.2 Build u-boot only

./build.sh uboot

11.3 Build kernel only

./build.sh kernel

11.4 Build friendlywrt only

./build.sh friendlywrt

Or go to the friendlywrt directory and follow the standard openwrt commands. If you get an error with the above command, try using the following command to compile in a single thread: 

cd friendlywrt
make -j1 V=s

12 Backup rootfs and create custom SD image (to burn your application into other boards)

12.1 Backup rootfs

Run the following commands on your target board. These commands will back up the entire root partition: 

sudo passwd root
su root
cd /
tar --warning=no-file-changed -cvpzf /rootfs.tar.gz \
    --exclude=/rootfs.tar.gz --exclude=/var/lib/docker/runtimes \
    --exclude=/etc/firstuser --exclude=/etc/friendlyelec-release \
    --exclude=/usr/local/first_boot_flag --one-file-system /

Note: if there is a mounted directory on the system, an error message will appear at the end, which can be ignored.

12.2 Making a bootable SD card from a root filesystem

Only support RK3328/RK3399/RK3568/RK3566/RK3588


13 Make Your Own OS Image

14 Link to Rockchip Resources

15 Schematic, PCB CAD File

  • Schematic: TODO
  • PCB CAD File：TODO

16 Update Logs

16.1 Initial Release

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