NanoPi K2

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1 Introduction

FriendlyElec's NanoPi K2 uses Amlogic's 64-bit quad-core A53 S905 SoC. This SoC has internal Mali450 GPU. S905's dynamic frequency scales up to 2G Hz.In FriendlyElec's tests it can scale up to 2G. Its most significant feature is that it supports various video formats and has strong video decoding capability
The NanoPi K2 has 2GB DDR3 RAM, onboard WiFi & Bluetooth, 1000M Ethernet, USB, HDMI, IR and etc. It has a socket for external eMMC. It boots OS from a TF card. It has the same form factor and layout of interfaces and ports as the RPi 3. An Android image is ready for K2. Later on a Ubuntu image will be ready.
A special feature of the NanoPi K2 is that it supports DVFS and can play high-definition video steams stably and smoothly. It is a good platform for applications such as advertisement machines, TV boxes, home entertainment appliances, multi-media devices and etc.

2 Hardware Spec

SoC: Amlogic S905, Quad-core ARM Cortex-A53@1.5GHz, DVFS
GPU: Penta-core ARM Mali™-450
RAM: 2GB DDR3
Network Connectivity: 10/100/1000M (RTL8211F)
Wireless：802.11 b/g/n
Bluetooth：4.0 dual mode
Antenna: One onboard porcelain antenna shared by both WiFi and Bluetooth. One individual IPX interface.
IR: Onboard IR receiver
Audio: Via HDMI/Bluetooth
eMMC interface: eMMC socket
I2S: 7-Pin, 2.54mm pitch pin-header
SD: 1 x MicroSD slot
USB Host: 4 x USB 2.0 Host, standard type A
Micro USB: 1 x USB 2.0, OTG, power input and data transmission
HDMI: HDMI 2.0, Type-A. It supports 4K video
GPIO: 40-Pin, 2.54mm pitch pin-header including I2C, ADC, GPIO, UART, PWM, SPDIF and CVBS
Serial debug port: 4-Pin, 2.54mm pitch single-row pin-header
User Key: 1 x power key
LED: 1 x power LED and 1 x status LED
Power Interface: DC jack, MicroUSB
Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
PCB dimension: 56 x 85mm，6-layer, ENIG

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi-K2 Layout

GPIO Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	SYS_3.3V	2	VDD_5V
3	GPIODV_24/I2C_SDA_A	4	VDD_5V
5	GPIODV_25/I2C_SCK_A	6	GND
7	GPIOY_0	8	GPIOY_13/UART_TX_C
9	DGND	10	GPIOY_13/UART_RX_C
11	GPIOY_1	12	GPIOY_16/PWM_A
13	GPIOY_2	14	GND
15	GPIOY_3	16	GPIOY_15/PWM_F
17	SYS_3.3V	18	GPIOY_4
19	GPIOY_5	20	GND
21	GPIOY_7	22	GPIOY_6
23	GPIOY_9	24	GPIOY_8
25	DGND	26	GPIOY_10
27	GPIODV_26/I2C_SDA_B	28	GPIODV_27/I2C_SCK_B
29	GPIOY_11/SPDIF_IN	30	GND
31	GPIOAO_5	32	GPIOY_12/SPDIF_OUT
33	GPIOH_3	34	GND
35	GPIOCLK_1	36	CVBS
37	AIN1	38	1.8V Vref Out
39	GND	40	AIN0

eMMC Interface Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	eMMC_D0	2	eMMC_D1
3	eMMC_D2	4	eMMC_D3
5	eMMC_D4	6	eMMC_D5
7	eMMC_D6	8	eMMC_D7
9	eMMC_DS	10	GND
11	eMMC_CMD	12	eMMC_CLK
13	NC	14	GND
15	NC	16	1.8V OUT
17	eMMC_RST	18	3.3V OUT
19	GPIOY_5	20	GND

Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TX_AO_A
4	UART_RX_AO_A

7Pin I2S Interface Pin Description

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	SYS_3.3V
3	I2S_SCLK
4	I2S_LRCLK
5	I2S_DATA_OUT
6	I2S_DATA_IN
7	I2S_MCLK

Notes

SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
VDD_5V: 5V power output5V. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
All pins are 3.3V
For more details refer to the document:NanoPi-K2-1701-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

For more details refer to the document:NanoPi-K2-1701-dxf.zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi K2 get the following items ready

NanoPi K2
MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
A DC 5V/2A power is a must
HDMI monitor
USB keyboard and USB mouse
A host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi K2 boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

4.3 Make an Installation TF Card

4.3.1 Boot OS from TF Card

Get the following files from download link:

Get a 8G SDHC card

Image Files:
s905-android-sd4g-YYYYMMDD.img.zip	Android5.1 Image File
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

Extract an image file and win32diskimager.rar. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
Insert this card into your NanoPi K2's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If both the green LED and blue LED are solid on this indicates your NanoPi K2 has successfully booted.

4.3.2 Make Installation Card under Linux Desktop

1) Insert your SD card into a host computer running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card has been recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions".

2) Downlaod Linux script

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_amlogic.git
cd sd-fuse_amlogic

3) Make Android SD Card

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)
When you run the script for the first time it will prompt you to download an image you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds otherwise you will miss the download

4.3.3 Extend NanoPi K2's SD Card Section

When Android is loaded you need to run the following commands on your host PC to extend your SD card's section:

sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 4 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx4

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

4.3.4 HDMI Resolution

If your NanoPi K2 is connected to an HDMI monitor and it runs Android it will automatically set the resolution to an appropriate HDMI mode by checking the "EDID".

4.4 Run Android

Insert an SD card with Android image into your NanoPi K2, connect the board to an HDMI monitor, power on the board K2 will boot from the SD card. If you can see the PWR LED on and the blue LED are solid on it means your board is working and you will see Android being loaded on the HDMI monitor.

It is recommended to turn off its power by pressing the PWR key otherwise the system data in the TF card will be damaged.

5 Make Your Own OS Image

5.1 Install Cross Compiler

Install ARMv7 Cross Compiler

Download the compiler package:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

Then add the compiler's directory to "PATH" by appending the following lines in "~/.bashrc".:

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Execute "~/.bashrc" to make the changes take effect. Note that there is a space after the first ".":

. ~/.bashrc

This compiler is a 64-bit one therefore it cannot be run on a 32-bit Linux machine. After the compiler is installed you can verify it by running the following commands:

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

Install AArch64 Cross Compiler

The AArch64 cross compiler is needed to compile U-Boot and Linux. We used linaro toolchain:

wget http://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2017.01/aarch64-linux-gnu/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz
tar xf gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz
export PATH=~/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin:$PATH

Add the compiler's directory to "PATH".

5.2 Compile U-Boot

Download the U-Boot source code and compile it. Note that the github's branch is nanopi-k2-v2015.01:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot.git
cd uboot
git checkout nanopi-k2-v2015.01
make nanopi-k2_defconfig
make

After your compilation succeeds a u-boot.bin will be generated. If you want to test it flash it to your installation SD card via fastboot. Here is how you can do it:

sudo ./fusing.sh /dev/sdc

Or you can do it with fastboot:
1) On your host PC run "sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot" to install the fastboot utility;
2) Connect your NanoPi K2 to your host PC via a serial cable (e.g. PSU-ONECOME). Press the enter key within two seconds right after you power on your NanoPi K2 and you will enter uboot's command line mode;
3) After type in "fastboot" and press "enter" you will enter the fastboot mode;
4) Connect your NanoPi K2 to this host PC via a microUSB cable and type in the following command to flash u-boot.bin:

fastboot flash bootloader fip/gxb/u-boot.bin

5.3 Compile Linux kernel

5.3.1 Compile Kernel

Download Kernel Source Code

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux.git
cd linux
git checkout nanopi-k2-3.14.y

The NanoPi K2's kernel source code lies in the "nanopi-k2-3.14.y" branch.

Compile Android Kernel

make ARCH=arm64 nanopi-k2_defconfig
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- Image nanopi-k2.dtb

After your compilation succeeds an arch/arm64/boot/dts/amlogic/nanopi-k2.dtb file and an arch/arm64/boot/Image will be generated. You can use them to replace the existing files under your SD card's boot section.

5.3.2 User Your Generated Kernel

Update the kernel file in SD card

If you use an SD card to boot Android you can copy your generated uImage file and nanopi-k2.dtb file to your SD card's boot section(e.g. section 1 /dev/sdX1).

Update kernel with adb

You can update your kernel with adb and here is how you can do it:

adb shell mount -t ext4 /dev/block/mmcblk0p1 /storage/sdcard1/
adb push arch/arm64/boot/Image /storage/sdcard1/
adb push arch/arm64/boot/dts/amlogic/nanopi-k2.dtb /storage/sdcard1/
adb reboot

Update Image and nanopi-k2.dtb

If you want to generate a new Android's boot.img you need to use your newly generated image and nanopi-k2.dtb to replace the existing files under "device/friendly-arm/nanopi-k2-kernel" and recompile Android.

5.4 编译Android

搭建编译环境

搭建编译Android的环境建议使用64位的Ubuntu 14.04，安装需要的包即可。

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom

更多说明可查看 https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

下载Android5.1源代码

Android源代码的下载需要使用repo，其安装和使用请查看 https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html 。

mkdir android && cd android
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/android_manifest.git -b nanopi-k2-lollipop
repo sync

其中“android”是指工作目录。

编译系统

source build/envsetup.sh
lunch nanopi_k2-userdebug
make -j8

编译成功完成后，目录 out/target/product/nanopi-k2 下包含可用于烧写的image文件。

filename	partition	Description
u-boot.bin	bootloader	-
boot.img	boot	-
cache.img	cache	-
userdata.img	userdata	-
system.img	system	-
partmap.txt	-	分区描述文件

烧写到SD卡

如果是采用SD卡启动Android，可复制编译生成的image文件到sd-fuse_amlogic/android/ 下，使用脚本即可烧到到SD卡，具体请查看#在Linux Desktop下通过脚本制作。

使用fastboot更新

板子启动后通过串口快速按任意键进入uboot命令行模式，输入命令fastboot usb即可更新Android。
连接USB线，然后PC端输入以下命令:

cd out/target/product/nanopi-k2
sudo fastboot flash boot boot.img
sudo fastboot flash cache cache.img
sudo fastboot flash userdata userdata.img
sudo fastboot flash system system.img
sudo fastboot reboot

NanoPi K2

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Hardware Spec

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

3.2 Board Dimension

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

4.3 Make an Installation TF Card

4.3.1 Boot OS from TF Card

4.3.2 Make Installation Card under Linux Desktop

4.3.3 Extend NanoPi K2's SD Card Section

4.3.4 HDMI Resolution

4.4 Run Android

5 Make Your Own OS Image

5.1 Install Cross Compiler

5.2 Compile U-Boot

5.3 Compile Linux kernel

5.3.1 Compile Kernel

5.3.2 User Your Generated Kernel

5.4 编译Android

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