NanoPi NEO

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1 Introduction
2 Hardware Spec
3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension
- 3.1 Layout
- 3.2 Dimensional Diagram
4 Get Started
5 Work with Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded
6 Using the GPIO pins/Wiring for NanoPi NEO
7 Make Your Own Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded
8 Setup Cross Compiler for User Space Programs
9 Applicable Mainline U-boot & Linux for H3
10 3D Printing Files
11 Other OS Support
12 Resources
- 12.1 Development Guide & Tutorials
  - 12.1.1 Access Hardware in Python
  - 12.1.2 Access Hardware in C
13 Hardware Differences Among Different Versions
14 Update Log

1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

The NanoPi NEO(abbreviated as NEO) is another fun board developed by FriendlyARM for makers, hobbyists and fans.

2 Hardware Spec

CPU: Allwinner H3, Quad-core Cortex-A7 Up to 1.2GHz
DDR3 RAM: 256MB/512MB
Connectivity: 10/100M Ethernet
USB Host: Type-A x 1, 2.54 mm pin x 2
MicroSD Slot x 1
MicroUSB: OTG, for power input
Debug Serial Port: 4Pin, 2.54 mm pitch pin header
Audio input/output Port: 5Pin, 2.0mm pitch pin header
GPIO: 2.54mm pitch 36pin. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
PCB Dimension: 40 x 40 mm
Working Temperature: -40℃ to 80℃
Weight: 14g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)
OS/Software: u-boot, UbuntuCore and Android

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi NEO Layout

pinout

GPIO Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Linux gpio	Pin#	Name	Linux gpio
1	SYS_3.3V		2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA		4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL		6	GND
7	GPIOG11	203	8	UART1_TX/GPIOG6	198
9	GND		10	UART1_RX/GPIOG7	199
11	UART2_TX/GPIOA0	0	12	PWM1/GPIOA6	6
13	UART2_RTS/GPIOA2	2	14	GND
15	UART2_CTS/GPIOA3	3	16	UART1_RTS/GPIOG8	200
17	SYS_3.3V		18	UART1_CTS/GPIOG9	201
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC0	64	20	GND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOC1	65	22	UART2_RX/GPIOA1	1
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC2	66	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC3	67

USB/Audio/IR Pin Description

NanoPi-NEO			NanoPi-NEO V1.1/V1.2
Pin#	Name	Description	Pin#	Name	Description
1	VDD_5V	5V Power Out	1	VDD_5V	5V Power Out
2	USB-DP1	USB1 DP Signal	2	USB-DP1	USB1 DP Signal
3	USB-DM1	USB1 DM Signal	3	USB-DM1	USB1 DM Signal
4	USB-DP2	USB2 DP Signal	4	USB-DP2	USB2 DP Signal
5	USB-DM2	USB2 DM Signal	5	USB-DM2	USB2 DM Signal
6	GPIOL11/IR-RX	GPIOL11 or IR Receive	6	GPIOL11/IR-RX	GPIOL11 or IR Receive
7	SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17	GPIOA17 or SPDIF-OUT	7	SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17	GPIOA17 or SPDIF-OUT
8	MICIN1P	Microphone Positive Input	8	PCM0_SYNC/I2S0_LRC	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock/Sync
9	MICIN1N	Microphone Negative Input	9	PCM0_CLK/I2S0_BCK	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock
10	LINEOUTR	LINE-OUT Right Channel Output	10	PCM0_DOUT/I2S0_SDOUT	I2S/PCM Serial Data Output
11	LINEOUTL	LINE-OUT Left Channel Output	11	PCM0_DIN/I2S0_SDIN	I2S/PCM Serial Data Input
12	GND	0V	12	GND	0V

V1.1/V1.2 Audio

Pin#	Name	Description
1	MICIN1P	Microphone Positive Input
2	MICIN1N	Microphone Negative Input
3	LINEOUTR	LINE-OUT Right Channel Output
4	GND	0V
5	LINEOUTL	LINE-OUT Left Channel Output

Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0
4	UART_RXD0

Note:

SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
VVDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB's the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
All pins are 3.3V, output current is 5mA
For more details refer to the document: NanoPi-NEO-1606-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Dimensional Diagram

For more details refer to the document: pcb file in dxf format

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi NEO get the following items ready

NanoPi NEO
microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
A Host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi NEO boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

4.3 Make an Installation TF Card

4.3.1 Get Image Files

Visit this link download link to download image files and the flashing utility:

Image Files
nanopi-neo-ubuntu-core-qte-sd4g.img.zip	UbuntuCore with Qt-Embedded Image File
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility for flashing Debian image. Under Linux users can use "dd"

4.3.2 Make UbuntuCore with Qt Embedded Image Card

Extract the nanopi-neo-ubuntu-core-qte-sd4g.img.zip and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.After flashing is done insert this TF card to your NanoPi NEO and connect the board to a 5V/2A power NEO will be automatically powered on. If the blue LED is flashing it indicates the system is being booted.

5 Work with Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

5.1 Run Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

Insert a TF card with UbuntuCore image files into your NanoPi NEO, connect the board to a 5V/2A power source the board will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is working and UbuntuCore is being loaded.
If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.
Here is a setup where we connect a NanoPi NEO to a PC via the PSU-ONECOM and you can power on your NEO from either the PSU-ONECOM or the board's MicroUSB:

Ubuntu-Core's User Accounts:

Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

Update packages

sudo apt-get update

5.2 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility.

sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:

5.3 Ethernet Connection

If the NanoPi NEO is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP after it is powered up. If it is not connected via Ethernet or its DHCP is not activated obtaining an IP will fail and system will hang on for about 15 to 60 seconds.

5.4 Login via SSH

The NanoPi NEO doesn't have a video output interface. You can log into the board via SSH. In our test the IP address detected by our router was 192.168.1.230 and we ran the following command to log into the NanoPi NEO:

ssh root@192.168.1.230

The password is fa

5.5 Connect USB WiFi to NEO

Our system has support for popular USB WiFi drivers. Many USB WiFi modules are plug and play with our system. Here is a list of models we tested;

Number	Model
1	RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2	RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3	RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4	RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5	MI WiFi mt7601

If you NanoPi NEO is connected to a USB WiFi and is powered up you can log into NEO and run the following command to check if the USB WiFi is recognized. If "wlan0" is listed it indicates your USB WiFi has been recognized:

sudo ifconfig -a

You can use the NetworkManager utility in Ubuntu to manager its network. You can run "nmcli" in the commandline utility to start it. Here are the commands to start a WiFi connection:

Check device list

sudo nmcli dev

Note: if the status of a device is "unmanaged" it means that device cannot be accessed by NetworkManager. To make is accessed you need to clear the settings under "/etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your system.

Start WiFi

sudo nmcli r wifi on

Scan Surrounding WiFi Sources

sudo nmcli dev wifi

Connect to a WiFi Source

sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD" iface wlan0

The "SSID" and "PASSWORD" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.If you have multiple WiFi devices you need to specify the one you want to connect to a WiFi source with iface
If a connection succeeds it will be automatically setup on next system reboot.

For more details about NetworkManager refer to this link: NetworkManager

5.6 Connect NanoPi NEO to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

The FA-CAM202 is a 2M-pixel USB camera module. Boot your NEO, connect NEO to the internet, log in the system as root, compile and run the mjpg-streamer utility:

cd /root/mjpg-streamer
make
./start.sh

The mjpg-streamer is an open source media server. After it is started successfully you will see the following messages:

 
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

In our case our NEO's IP address was 192.168.1.123. We typed "192.168.1.123:8080" on a browser, entered and we got the following screenshot:

The mjpg-streamer uses libjpeg to soft-encode camera's input data. You can use ffmpeg to hard-encode data which greatly increases system's efficiency:

ffmpeg -t 30 -f v4l2 -channel 0 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 -pix_fmt nv12 -r 30 -b:v 64k -c:v cedrus264 test.mp4

By default it records a 30-second video. When you type "q" it will stop recording and the recorded video will be saved as a test.mp4 file.

5.7 Check CPU's Working Temperature

Open a terminal on your NanoPi NEO and you can type the following command to read H3's temperature and frequency:

cpu_freq

5.8 Check System Information with Rpi-Monitor

Our Ubuntu-Core contains the Rpi-Monitor utility with which users can check system information and status.
In our case our NEO's IP was 192.168.1.230 and we typed the following IP in a browser:

192.168.1.230:8888

We entered the following page:

Users can easily check these system information and status.

6 Using the GPIO pins/Wiring for NanoPi NEO

Please refer to WiringPi for NanoPi

7 Make Your Own Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded

7.1 Preparations

Visit this link download link and enter the "sources/nanopi-H3-bsp" directory and download all the source code.Use the 7-zip utility to extract it and a lichee directory and an Android directory will be generated.You can check that by running the following command:

ls ./
android lichee

Or you can get it from our github:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/h3_lichee.git lichee

Note: "lichee" is the project name named by Allwinner for its CPU's source code which contains the source code of U-boot, Linux kernel and various scripts.

7.2 Install Cross Compiler

Visit this site download link, enter the "toolchain" directory, download the cross compiler "gcc-linaro-arm.tar.xz" and copy it to the "lichee/brandy/toochain/" directory.

If you want to compile your own programs you need to setup a development environment. For more details about this you can refer to section 8 "Setup Cross Compiler for User Space Programs".
(Allwinner's compiler doesn't work very well for some programs)

7.3 Compile lichee Source Code

Compilation of the H3's BSP source code must be done under a PC running a 64-bit Linux.The following cases were tested on Ubuntu-14.04 LTS-64bit:

sudo apt-get install gawk git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos \
python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386 u-boot-tools

Enter the lichee directory and run the following command to compile the whole package:

cd lichee
./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3

After this compilation succeeds a u-boot, Linux kernel and kernel modules will be generated.
Note: the lichee directory contains a cross-compiler we have setup. When the build.sh script runs it will automatically call this cross-compiler.

7.4 Package System Modules

./gen_script.sh -b nanopi-neo

The gen_script.sh script patches the U-boot with Allwinner features and copies the generated executables including u-boot and Linux kernel and configuration files to the "lichee/tools/pack/out/" directory and generates a script.bin file.

Type the following command to update the U-boot on the MicroSD card:

./fuse_uboot.sh /dev/sdx

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system.
The boot.img and kernel modules are under the "linux-3.4/output" directory. You can copy the new boot.img file to your MicroSD card's boot section.

7.5 Compile U-boot

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m uboot
./gen_script.sh -b nanopi-neo

The gen_script.sh script patches the U-boot with Allwinner features. A U-boot without these features cannot work.
Type the following command to update the U-boot on the MicroSD card:

./fuse_uboot.sh /dev/sdx

Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system.

7.6 Compile Linux Kernel

If you want to compile the Linux kernel run the following command:

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m kernel

After the compilation is done a boot.img and its kernel modules will be generated under "linux-3.4/output".

7.7 Clean Source Code

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1_linux -b nanopi-h3 -m clean

8 Setup Cross Compiler for User Space Programs

Download and extract cross compiler:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

Add the compiler's path to the "PATH" variable by appending the following lines in the ~/.bashrc file:

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Run the ~/.bashrc script to make the changes in effect immediately in your working shell. Attention: there is a space after ".":

. ~/.bashrc

This is a 64-bit compiler and it cannot run on a 32-bit Linux. You can check whether or not your compiler is setup correctly by running the following commands:

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

9 Applicable Mainline U-boot & Linux for H3

Now our H3 based boards can run mainline u-boot and Linux. For more details refer to H3 Mainline U-boot & Linux

10 3D Printing Files

Link to 3D Printing Files

11 Other OS Support

11.1 DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)

DietPi is an extremely lightweight Debian Jessie OS. Its image file starts at 400MB and nearly 3x lighter than 'Raspbian Lite'.It is pre-installed with DietPi-RAMLog. These features enable users to get the best performance of a device.
The following steps are for reference only. FriendlyElec doesn't provide technical support for them.
Installation guide:

Download the image file "DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)" from DietPi_NanoPiNEO-armv7-(Jessie)
Extract the package and use the win32diskimager to write it to a MicroSD card under Windows.
Insert this MicroSD card to your NanoPi NEO and power up.

Username:root , Password: dietpi

11.2 Armbian

Armbian releases Armbian_5.20_Nanopineo_Debian_jessie_3.4.112 and Armbian_5.20_Nanopineo_Ubuntu_xenial_3.4.112 for the NanoPi NEO. You can refer to its home page for more details.
home page: http://www.armbian.com/nanopi-neo/

11.3 Android

This Android system is an Android4.4.2 variant.
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it.

Download image files and utilities

Visit this download link and enter the "unofficail-ROMs" to download the nanopi-neo-android.img.zip image file, HDDLLF.4.40 and HDDLLF(under the "tools" directory).

Make Android Installation Card

1. On a Windows PC run the HDDLLF.4.40 utility as administrator. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into this PC and format it. After formatting is done take out the TF card;
2. Insert it into the PC again and format it with Windows internal format utility to format it to FAT32. After this formatting is done take out the card;
3. Insert the TF card you made in the previous step into a Windows PC and run the PhoenixCard utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
Note: none of the above steps should be missed otherwise the TF card you made may not work.

Boot Android

Insert this installation card into your NanoPi NEO, power on the board and you will be able to work with it
The password for "root" or "fa" is "fa"

This Android supports these WiFi cards: rtl8188etv and rt8188eus.

11.4 FreeBSD

Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu FreeBSD runs on NEO. He has created FreeBSD 12.0-CURRENT image and it can be downloaded from: https://www.mediafire.com/folder/bfbs771c3ajar/FreeBSD

12 Resources

Schematics
Dimensional Diagram
H3 Datesheet Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf

12.1 Development Guide & Tutorials

12.1.1 Access Hardware in Python

Programming Python on NanoPi NEO:

The following BakeBit modules can work with BakeBit - NanoHat Hub:

12.1.2 Access Hardware in C

Matrix Modules & Wiki Sites:

13 Hardware Differences Among Different Versions

NanoPi NEO Version Compare & List（Hardware）

version	NanoPi NEO V1.0	NanoPi NEO V1.1	NanoPi NEO V1.2	NanoPi NEO V1.3
Photo
Power Design	① VDD1V2-SYS's power input from LDO	① VDD1V2-SYS's power input from LDO	① VDD1V2-SYS's power input changed from LDO to DC/DC (Most changes applied to NanoPi NEO V1.2 are to relieve over-heat)	① VDD1V2-SYSDC/DC's power input is the same as that of V1.2 ⑤ Used VDD-CPUX's DC/DC chip to MP2143DJ to relieve over heat
Audio Interface		② NanoPi NEO V1.1/V1.2 has onboard audio which V1.0 doesn't have	② NanoPi NEO V1.1/V1.2 has onboard audio which V1.0 doesn't have	② ④ NanoPi NEO V1.3 swapped the positions of the audio and Debug_UART compared to their positions in V1.1/V1.2 ② Improve audio's performance
12Pin 2.54mm Pitch Pinheader	③ NanoPi NEO V1.0's Pin Description	③ NanoPi NEO V1.1's Pin Description Different from That of V1.0	③ NanoPi NEO V1.2's Pin Description Same as That of V1.1	③ NanoPi NEO V1.3's Pin Description Same as That of V1.1/V1.2

14 Update Log

14.1 July-07-2016

Released English Version

14.2 August-09-2016

Added Other OS Support

14.3 Sep-08-2016

Added Section 7
Updated sections 5.3, 5.5 and 9

14.4 Nov-03-2016

Added Section 5.6

14.5 Dec-20-2016

Added Section 5.8

14.6 Jan-10-2017

Added Section 8.1
Updated Section 8.2

14.7 Feb-1-2017

Added Section 8.3
Updated Sections 6 and 9

14.8 March-5-2017

Added section 8, 9 and 13
Updated section 12.1