NanoPi NEO Air

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1 Introduction

2 Specifications

• CPU: Allwinner H3, Quad-core Cortex-A7 Up to 1.2GHz
• RAM: 512MB DDR3 RAM
• Storage: 8GB eMMC
• WiFi: 802.11b/g/n
• Bluetooth: 4.0 dual mode
• MicroSD Slot x 1
• GPIO: 2.54mm pitch 24pin. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
• PCB Size: 40 x 40mm
• Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
• OS/Software: u-boot, UbuntuCore
• Weight: 7.5g(WITHOUT Pin-headers); 9.7g(WITH Pin-headers)

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi NEO-AIR Layout

• GPIO Pin Description

Pin#	Name	Linux gpio	Pin#	Name	Linux gpio
1	SYS_3.3V		2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA		4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL		6	GND
7	GPIOG11	203	8	UART1_TX/GPIOG6	198
9	GND		10	UART1_RX/GPIOG7	199
11	UART2_TX/GPIOA0	0	12	PWM1/GPIOA6	6
13	UART2_RTS/GPIOA2	2	14	GND
15	UART2_CTS/GPIOA3	3	16	UART1_RTS/GPIOG8	200
17	SYS_3.3V		18	UART1_CTS/GPIOG9	201
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC0	64	20	GND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOC1	65	22	UART2_RX/GPIOA1	1
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC2	93	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC3	67

• USB/Audio/IR Pin Description

NanoPi-NEO-AIR			NanoPi-NEO-AIR
Pin#	Name	Description	Pin#	Name	Description
1	VDD_5V	5V Power Out	1	VDD_5V	5V Power Out
2	USB-DP1	USB1 DP Signal	2	USB-DP1	USB1 DP Signal
3	USB-DM1	USB1 DM Signal	3	USB-DM1	USB1 DM Signal
4	USB-DP2	USB2 DP Signal	4	USB-DP2	USB2 DP Signal
5	USB-DM2	USB2 DM Signal	5	USB-DM2	USB2 DM Signal
6	GPIOL11/IR-RX	GPIOL11 or IR Receive	6	GPIOL11/IR-RX	GPIOL11 or IR Receive
7	SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17	GPIOA17 or SPDIF-OUT	7	SPDIF-OUT/GPIOA17	GPIOA17 or SPDIF-OUT
8	MICIN1P	Microphone Positive Input	8	PCM0_SYNC/I2S0_LRC	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock/Sync
9	MICIN1N	Microphone Negative Input	9	PCM0_CLK/I2S0_BCK	I2S/PCM Sample Rate Clock
10	LINEOUTR	LINE-OUT Right Channel Output	10	PCM0_DOUT/I2S0_SDOUT	I2S/PCM Serial Bata Output
11	LINEOUTL	LINE-OUT Left Channel Output	11	PCM0_DIN/I2S0_SDIN	I2S/PCM Serial Data Input
12	GND	0V	12	GND	0V

• Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	GND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0
4	UART_RXD0

Note:

1. SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
2. VVDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB's the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
3. All pins are 3.3V, output current is 5mA
4. For more details refer to the document:[]

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi NEO AIR get the following items ready

• NanoPi NEO AIR
• microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
• microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
• A Host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi NEO AIR boot and run fast we highly recommand you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

• SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

• SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

• 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

4.3 Make an Installation TF Card

4.3.1 Boot NanoPi NEO AIR from TF Card

• Get the following files from here download link to download image files and the flashing utility:
  

Image Files
nanopi-air-core-qte-sd4g.img.zip	Ubuntu core with Qt Embedded
nanopi-air-eflasher-sd8g.img.zip	eflasher image which can be used to Flash image files to eMMC
Flash Utility
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

• Uncompress these files. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card till it is done.
• Insert this card into your AIR's MicroSD card slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the blue LED is blinking this indicates your AIR has successfully booted.
  

4.3.2 Flash image to eMMC with eflasher

• The eflasher is a utility FriendlyARM developed based on UbuntuCore. It can be used to flash OS image files to eMMC.
• Extract the nanopi-air-eflasher-sd8g.img.zip package and win32diskimager.rar. Insert a TF card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
• Insert this card into your AIR and power on (with a 5V/2A power source) the board. If the blue LED is blinking it indicates your eflasher has started installation.
  

5 eflasher Functions

5.1 System Login via Serial Port

• If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.Here is a setup where we connect a NanoPi NEO AIR to a PC via a serial cable you will see system messages output to the PC’s serial terminal:

• The password for both "root" and "fa" is "fa"
• Update software packages

apt-get update

5.2 配置无线网络

将带有eflasher系统的TF卡接入运行Ubuntu的个人PC中，修改TF卡rootfs分区下的etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf文件如下:

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
network={
        ssid="YOUR-WIFI-ESSID"
        psk="YOUR-WIFI-PASSWORD"
}

注意: 请将YOUR-WIFI-ESSID和YOUR-WIFI-PASSWORD替换为真实的WiFi账号和密码。
将TF卡重新插入AIR后上电自动开机，看到蓝色LED闪烁后，稍等1分钟，就可以通过路由器查看到AIR的IP地址了。

5.3 SSH登录

AIR没有任何图形界面输出的接口，如果你没有串口模块，可以通过SSH协议登录AIR。假设通过路由器查看到AIR的IP地址为192.168.1.230，在PC机上执行以下命令登录AIR:

ssh root@192.168.1.230

密码为fa。

5.4 烧写系统到eMMC

eflasher系统内默认已经包含了一个Ubuntu-Core系统，运行TF卡中的eflasher系统，登录终端后执行以下命令将Ubuntu-core烧写到eMMC中:

flash_eMMC.sh -d /mnt/sdcard/Ubuntu-Core-qte/

该命令会将Ubuntu-Core烧写到eMMC，将WiFi的配置文件拷贝到eMMC的系统中，并扩展eMMC中系统的文件系统分区。 烧写成功后，可以看到下列信息:

INFO: flash system to eMMC success

断电，将TF卡拔出，重新上电就能运行eMMC中的系统了。当AIR插入TF卡时，默认会优先从TF卡启动，只有当TF卡启动失败时，才会尝试用eMMC启动系统。

6 Ubuntu-Core系统的使用

6.1 查看CPU工作温度

获取当前CPU的温度、运行频率等信息：

cpu_freq

6.2 连接DVP摄像头模块(CAM500B)

CAM500B是一款500万像素摄像头模块，以DVP并行信号输出，详细信息请参考Matirx-CAM500B。

启动Debian系统，连接网络，以root用户登录终端并编译运行mjpg-streamer:

cd /root/mjpg-streamer
make
./start.sh

mjpg-streamer是一个开源的网络视频流服务器，在板子上成功运行mjpg-streamer后会打印下列信息:

 
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

假设AIR的IP地址为192.168.1.230，在PC的浏览器中输入 192.168.1.230:8080 就能浏览摄像头采集的画面了，效果如下:

mjpg-streamer是用libjpeg对摄像头数据进行软编码，你可以使用ffmpeg对摄像头数据进行硬编码，这样能大大降低CPU的占用率并提高编码速度:

ffmpeg -t 30 -f v4l2 -channel 0 -video_size 1280x720 -i /dev/video0 -pix_fmt nv12 -r 30 -b:v 64k -c:v cedrus264 test.mp4

默认会录制30秒的视频，输入q能终止录制。录制完成后会在当前目录生成一个名为test.mp4的视频文件，可将其拷贝到PC上进行播放验证。

7 如何编译BSP

访问此处下载地址的sources目录，下载源码nanopi-H3-bsp。
使用7-Zip工具解压后得到两个目录：lichee和android，也可以从github上克隆lichee源码：

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/h3_lichee.git lichee

注：lichee是全志为其CPU的板级支持包所起的项目名称，里面包含了U-boot，Linux等源码和众多的编译脚本。

7.1 编译lichee源码

编译全志 H3 的BSP源码包必须使用64bit的Linux PC系统，并安装下列软件包，下列操作均基于Ubuntu-14.04 LTS-64bit：

sudo apt-get install gawk git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \
libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos \
python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386 u-boot-tools

编译lichee源码包，进入lichee目录，执行命令：

cd lichee
./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3

该命令会一次性编译好U-boot、Linux内核和模块。
注：lichee目录里内置了交叉编译器，当使用build.sh脚本进行源码编译时，会自动使用该内置的编译器，所以无需手动安装编译器。

7.2 打包系统组件

./gen_script.sh nanopi-air

该命令会将所有编译生成的可执行文件(包括U-boot、Linux内核)和系统配置文件拷贝到lichee/tools/pack/out/目录以便进行统一管理，并且会该目录下生成 script.bin文件。
script.bin是全志系列 CPU 的硬件板级配置文件，相关信息请查看script.bin。

下列命令可用于更新TF卡上的U-boot：

./fuse_uboot.sh /dev/sdx

/dev/sdx请替换为实际的TF卡设备文件名。
uImage和内核模块均位于linux-3.4/output目录下，将uImage拷贝到TF卡的boot分区的根目录即可更新内核。

7.3 编译U-boot

如果你想单独编译U-boot，可以执行命令：

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m uboot

编译生成的可执行文件需打上全志系列CPU的硬件板级配置补丁后才能烧写到TF卡上运行，执行./build.sh pack能自动完成打补丁的操作。
如何手动为U-boot打补丁请查看H3_Manual_build_howto，执行下列命令更新TF卡上的U-boot：

./fuse_uboot.sh /dev/sdx

/dev/sdx请替换为实际的TF卡设备文件名。

7.4 编译Linux内核

如果你想单独编译Linux内核，可以执行命令：

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1 -b nanopi-h3 -m kernel

编译完成后uImage和内核模块均位于linux-3.4/output目录下，将uImage拷贝到TF卡的boot分区的根目录即可。

7.5 清理lichee源码

./build.sh -p sun8iw7p1_linux -b nanopi-h3 -m clean

8 3D 打印外壳

NanoPi NEO-AIR 3D printed housing
3D打印外壳下载链接

9 资源链接

• 原理图
  • NanoPi-NEO-AIR-1606-Schematic.pdf
• 尺寸图
  • pcb的dxf文件
• H3芯片手册 Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf