Matrix - Temperature and Humidity Sensor

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1 Introduction

Temperature and Humidity Sensor

• The Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor module is used to detect temperature and humidity.
• It utilizes the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. Its humidity range is 20% - 80% and the accuracy is 5%. Its temperature range is 0℃ - 50℃ and the accuracy is ±2℃.

2 Features

• Humidity range: 20 - 80%RH, Temperature range 0 ~ 50℃
• Accuracy of humidity: +-5%RH, accuracy of temperature: +-2℃
• One wire communication
• 2.54 mm spacing pin
• PCB dimension (mm): 16 x 32

Pin Description:

Pin	Description
S	GPIO
V	Supply Voltage 5V
G	Ground

3 Basic Device Operation

The DHT11 module uses a simplified single-bus serial communication. DATA controls communication and synchronization between the microprocessor and DHT11. A data transfer takes 4ms. The data format contains an integer part and a decimal part. The basic operation is as follows:

• a transmission of 40 data, the high first-out
• data format: 8bit humidity integer data + 8bit the Humidity decimal data
  
• 8bit temperature integer data + 8bit fractional temperature data
  
• 8 bit parity bit
  
• If a transmission is successful the “8bit humidity integer data + 8bit humidity decimal data +8 bit temperature integer data + 8bit temperature fractional data” 8bit checksum is equal to the results of the last eight.
  
• After the user host (MCU) sends a signal DHT11 is converted from low-power mode to high-speed mode, until the host begins to signal the end. Then DHT11 sends a response signal to send 40bit data, and trigger a letter collection. If DHT11 doesn't receive a signal from the host it will not begin a letter collection. After the letter collection is done DHT11 will turn to low power mode.

4 Download Matrix Source Code

All the matrix modules' code samples are open source. They are maintained on GitHub - https://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git
Each branch in this hub contains the matrix modules' code samples for a board that the matrix modules can work with.

• The nanopi branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the NanoPi
• The nanopi 2 branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the NanoPi 2
• The tiny4412 branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the Tiny4412
• The raspberrypi branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the RaspberryPi

Please follow the steps below to get the source code:
Install the git utility on a PC running Ubuntu14.04

$ sudo apt-get install git

Clone the matrix code from GitHub

$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git

If this is successful a "matrix" directory will be generated, which will contain all the matrix modules' code samples.

5 Connect to NanoPi 2

5.1 Hardware Connection

Please refer to the following connection diagram to connect the Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor to the NanoPi 2:

Connection Details:

Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor	NanoPi 2
S	Pin7
V	Pin4
G	Pin6

5.2 Compile Test Program

Please login the matrix hub and enter the nanopi2 branch

$ cd matrix
$ git checkout nanopi2

Compile the matrix code

$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- clean
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- install

Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gcc-4.9.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the NanoPi 2.
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. The test program is under the "install/usr/bin" directory.
The modules are under the "modules" directory. The driver's source code is in github: https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git

5.3 Run Test Program

Please insert a TF card which is flashed with Debian to a Linux host and mount its boot and rootfs sections.
We assume the rootfs is mounted to /media/rootfs then please run the following commands to copy the module, library and test program to the card.

$ cp modules /media/rootfs/ -r
$ cp install/lib/* /media/rootfs/lib/ -d
$ cp install/usr/bin/* /media/rootfs/usr/bin/

Insert this TF card to your NanoPi 2, power on and run the following commands to load the driver.

$ cd /modules
$ insmod dht11.ko

Start the matrix-temp_humidity program.

$ matrix-temp_humidity

Here is what you expect to observe:

5.4 Code Sample

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int ret = -1;
    int dhtTemp = 0;
    int dhtHdty = 0;
 
    if ((ret = dht11Read(DHT_HUMIDITY, &dhtHdty)) != -1) {
        printf("Get humidity : %d\n", dhtHdty);
    } else {
        printf("Faided to get humidity\n");
    }
 
    if ((ret = dht11Read(DHT_TEMP, &dhtTemp)) != -1) {
        printf("Get temperature : %d\n", dhtTemp);
    } else {
        printf("Faided to get temperature\n");
    }
 
    return ret;
}

6 Connect to NanoPi

6.1 Preparations

Please install a Debian on a NanoPi and an appropriate cross compiler on a PC. Please refer to wiki:NanoPi
Compile a NanoPi kernel. Note: please use the kernel's source code from the nanopi-v4.1.y-matrix branch.

$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
$ cd linux-4.x.y
$ git checkout nanopi-v4.1.y-matrix
$ make nanopi_defconfig
$ touch .scmversion
$ make

6.2 Hardware Connection

Please refer to the following connection diagram to connect the Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor to the NanoPi

Connection Details:

Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor	NanoPi
S	Pin7
V	Pin4
G	Pin6

6.3 Compile Test Program

Please login the matrix hub and enter the nanopi branch

$ cd matrix
$ git checkout nanopi

Compile the matrix code

$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- clean
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- install

Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the NanoPi-Debian.
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor" module is "matrix-temp_humidity".

6.4 Run Test Program

Please copy the library files and test program to the NanoPi

$ cp install/usr/usr/bin/* nanopi_rootfs/usr/usr/bin/
$ cp install/lib/* nanopi_rootfs/lib/ -d

Power on the NanoPi and run the following command in Debian's terminal
Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to a NanoPi.

$ matrix-temp_humidity

6.5 Code Sample

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int ret = -1;
    int dhtTemp = 0;
    int dhtHdty = 0;
    int devFD = -1;
    int pin = GPIO_PIN1;
 
    if (argc == 2) {
        parseCmd(argc, argv, &pin);
    } else {
        printf("Using default pin GPIO_PIN1\n");
    }
    if ((devFD = dht11Init(pin)) == -1) {
        printf("Fail to init dht11\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    if ((ret = dht11Read(DHT_HUMIDITY, &dhtHdty)) != -1) {
        printf("Get humidity : %d\n", dhtHdty);
    } else {
        printf("Faided to get humidity\n");
    }
 
    if ((ret = dht11Read(DHT_TEMP, &dhtTemp)) != -1) {
        printf("Get temperature : %d\n", dhtTemp);
    } else {
        printf("Faided to get temperature\n");
    }
 
    dht11DeInit(devFD);
    return ret;
}

7 Connect to Tiny4412

7.1 Preparations

Please refer to the Tiny4412's user's manual to install a UbuntuCore on the Tiny4412 and install an appropriate cross compiler on a PC.
Note: only the Tiny4412SDK-1506 carrier board can work with this module.

7.2 Hardware Connection

Please refer to the following diagram to connect the Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor to the Tiny4412

Connection Details:

Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor	Tiny4412
S	GPIO1 S
V	GPIO1 5V
G	GPIO1 GND

7.3 Compile Test Program

Please login the Matrix hub and enter the matrix-tiny4412 branch

$ cd matrix
$ git checkout tiny4412

Compile the matrix code

$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- clean
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- install

Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-4.7.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the Tiny4412-UbuntuCore.
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor" module is "matrix-temp_humidity".

7.4 Run Test Program

Please copy the library files and test program to the Tiny4412

$ cp install/usr/usr/bin/* tiny4412_rootfs/usr/usr/bin/
$ cp install/lib/* tiny4412_rootfs/lib/ -d

Power on the Tiny4412 and run the following command in UbuntuCore's terminal
Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to a Tiny4412.

$ matrix-temp_humidity

7.5 Code Sample

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int ret = -1;
    int dhtTemp = 0;
    int dhtHdty = 0;
    int devFD = -1;
    int pin = GPIO_PIN1;
 
    if (argc == 2) {
        parseCmd(argc, argv, &pin);
    } else {
        printf("Using default pin GPIO_PIN1\n");
    }
    if ((devFD = dht11Init(pin)) == -1) {
        printf("Fail to init dht11\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    if ((ret = dht11Read(DHT_HUMIDITY, &dhtHdty)) != -1) {
        printf("Get humidity : %d\n", dhtHdty);
    } else {
        printf("Faided to get humidity\n");
    }
 
    if ((ret = dht11Read(DHT_TEMP, &dhtTemp)) != -1) {
        printf("Get temperature : %d\n", dhtTemp);
    } else {
        printf("Faided to get temperature\n");
    }
 
    dht11DeInit(devFD);
    return ret;
}

10 Resources

DHT11.pdf

11 Update Log

11.1 Feb-23-2016

• Added the description for "NanoPi 2 branch" in Section 4
• Added Section 5: Connect to NanoPi 2