NanoPi M2

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

The NanoPi M2 is a high performance ARM Board after the NanoPi 2 and NanoPi 2 Fire, developed by FriendlyARM for hobbysts, makers and hackers for IOT projects. It integrates Gbit Ethernet port, AXP228 power management unit and supports Android5.1 and Debian.
Its new style of design makes it smaller than the NanoPi 2 Fire but still keeps all the rich interfaces and ports the NanoPi 2 Fire has. Besides the standard HDMI, USB, audio and Gbit Ethernet it has a Raspberry Pi compatible 40 pin header and supports various video devices including I2C capacitive LCD and CMOS cameras. In addition it has a serial debug port
Its support for Debian and Android makes it easily applied in various applications. Hardware wise it works with all the existing accessories, LCDs and sensor modules FriendlyARM has developed. Software wise it works with all the existing image files that the NanoPi 2 and NanoPi 2 Fire work with.

2 Features

CPU: S5P4418, 400Mhz~1.4GHz
PMU Power Management Unit: AXP228, support software power-off, sleep and wakeup functions
DDR3 RAM: 32bit 1GB DDR3
MicroSD Slot x1
Connectivity: Gbps Ethernet port(RTL8211E)
Audio: 3.5mm audio jack/Via HDMI
Microphone: 1 x onboard Microphone
USB Host: 4 x USB 2.0 Host, two are standard type A ports and the other two are 2.54mm pitch pin headers
Micro USB: 1 x USB 2.0 Client
LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
HDMI: HDMI 1.4A, Type-A, 1080P60
DVP Camera Interface: 0.5mm pitch FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
GPIO1: 2.54mm pitch 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, PWM, IO etc
Debug Serial Port: 4Pin 2.54mm pitch pin header
User Key: 1 x Power , 1 x Reset
LED: 1 x Power LED, 1 x System LED
RTC: RTC Pins
Power: DC 5V/2A
PCB Dimension(mm): 64 x 56, Six Layer
OS/Software: u-boot, Android5.1, Debian Jessie 8

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi M2 Interfaces and Ports

NanoPi M201 Interfaces and Ports

GPIO1 Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	SYS_3.3V	2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA	4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL	6	DGND
7	GPIOD8/PPM	8	UART3_TXD/GPIOD21
9	DGND	10	UART3_RXD/GPIOD17
11	UART4_TX/GPIOB29	12	GPIOD1/PWM0
13	GPIOB30	14	DGND
15	GPIOB31	16	GPIOC14/PWM2
17	SYS_3.3V	18	GPIOB27
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC31	20	DGND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOD0	22	UART4_RX/GPIOB28
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC29	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC30
25	DGND	26	GPIOB26
27	I2C1_SDA	28	I2C1_SCL
29	GPIOC8	30	DGND
31	GPIOC7	32	GPIOC28
33	GPIOC13/PWM1	34	DGND
35	SPI2_MISO/GPIOC11	36	SPI2_CS/GPIOC10
37	AliveGPIO3	38	SPI2_MOSI/GPIOC12
39	DGND	40	SPI2_CLK/GPIOC9

This GPIO pin spec is a little bit different from that of the NanoPi 2. Here is a comparison table of the two:40 pins GPIO comparison table

Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	DGND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0
4	UART_RXD0

DVP Camera IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name
1, 2	SYS_3.3V
7,9,13,15,24	DGND
3	I2C0_SCL
4	I2C0_SDA
5	GPIOB14
6	GPIOB16
8,10	NC
11	VSYNC
12	HREF
14	PCLK
16-23	Data bit7-0

RGB LCD IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Description
1, 2	VDD_5V	5V Output, it can be used to power LCD modules
11，20，29, 37，38，39，40, 45	DGND	Gound
3-10	Blue LSB to MSB	RGB blue
12-19	Green LSB to MSB	RGB green
21-28	Red LSB to MSB	RGB red
30	GPIOB25	available for users
31	GPIOC15	occupied by FriendlyARM one wire technology to recognize LCD models and control backlight and implement resistive touch, not applicable for users
32	XnRSTOUT Form CPU	low when system is reset
33	VDEN	signal the external LCD that data is valid on the data bus
34	VSYNC	vertical synchronization
35	HSYNC	horizontal synchronization
36	LCDCLK	LCD clock, Pixel frequency
41	I2C2_SCL	I2C2 clock signal, for capacitive touch's data transmission
42	I2C2_SDA	I2C2 data signal, for capacitive touch's data transmission
43	GPIOC16	interrupt pin for capacitive touch, used with I2C2
44	NC	not connected

Note

SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
VVDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
All pins are 3.3V
GPIO1's pin spec is a little bit different from that of the NanoPi 2. Please refer to this comparison table 40 pins GPIO comparison table
For more details please refer to the document: NanoPi-M2-1602-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

For more details please refer to the document: NanoPi-M2-1602-Dimensions(dxf).zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before play with your NanoPi M2 please get the following items ready

NanoPi M2
microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
HDMI monitor or LCD
USB keyboard and mouse
A Host running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi 2 Fire boot and run fast we highly recommand you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

4.3 Make an Installation MicroSD Card

4.3.1 Under Windows

Please get the following files from here:[http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/nanopi2/download/ to download image files.

For LCD or HDMI output please use the following files:
nanopi2-debian-sd4g.img.zip	Debian image files
nanopi2-android-sd4g.img.zip	Android image files
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

Please uncompress these files. Insert an SD card(at least 4G) to a Windows PC, run the win32diskimager utility as administrator，On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive and the image files and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
Please insert this card to your NanoPi M2 and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the blue LED and green LED are blinking this indicates your NanoPi M2 is successfully booted.

4.3.2 Under Linux Desktop

1) Insert your microSD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions"

2) Download Flashing Script

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi2.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi2

3) Flash Android Firmware to MicroSD Card

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)
When you do “git clone” you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds after it prompts you to download image files otherwise you will miss the download.

4) Flash Debian Firmware to MicroSD Card

./fusing.sh /dev/sdx debian

4.3.3 LCD/HDMI Resolution

When system boots our uboot will check whether it is connected to an LCD. If it recognizes an LCD it will configure its resolution. By default our uboot configures the display to HDMI 720P.
If you want to reset the LCD resolution you can modify file "arch/arm/plat-s5p4418/nanopi2/lcds.c" in the kernel and recompile it.
If your NanoPi 2 connects an HDMI monitor and it runs Android it will automatically set the resolution to an appropriate HDMI mode by checking "EDID". If your NanoPi 2 connects an HDMI monitor and it runs Debian by default it will set the resolution to HDMI 720P and in this case you can set it to 1080P by modifying your kernel's configuration.

4.4 Update Image Files in MicroSD Card From PC Host

If you want to make some changes to the image files in your MicroSD card please follow steps below otherwise you can skip this section.
Please insert your MicroSD card to a PC host running LINUX, mount the boot and rootfs sections of the SD card and follow the steps below:
1) If you want to change your kernel command line parameters you can do it via the fw_setevn utility under "sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools".
Check the current Command Line:

cd sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools
./fw_printenv /dev/sdc | grep bootargs

Android 5.1.1_r6 starts SELinux. By default it is enforcing. You can change it this way:

./fw_setenv /dev/sdc bootargs XXX androidboot.selinux=permissive

This sets it to "permissive". The "XXX" stands for the original bootargs' value.

2) Update Kernel
Our customized uboot will check the LCD type when it boots.For a non-Android OS If it recognizes an LCD connected to the NanoPi 2 Fire it will load "uImage" from "boot" otherwise it will load "uImage.hdmi".
However for Android these two files don't make any differences for whatever display device it detects. You can use your generated uImage to replace the existing one under "boot".
For Debian if your generated kernel is for LCD you need to replace the existing uImage or if your kernel is for HDMI you need to replace the existing uImage.hdmi.

4.5 Run Android or Debian

Insert a MicroSD card with Android/Debian image files to your NanoPi 2 Fire, connect the NanoPi M2 to an HDMI monitor and a 5V/2A power source the NanoPi M2 will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is working and you will see Android/Debain loading on the HDMI monitor.

1）If you connect the NanoPi M2 to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and a USB keyboard to operate. If you connect it to an LCD with capacitive touch you can operate directly on the LCD.
2）If you want to do kernel development you'd better have a serial board which allows you to operate the board via a serial terminal.

Here is a case in which we connect a NanoPi M2 to a PC running Ubuntu and Minicom via a serial cable you will see system messages output to the PC’s minicom terminal:

Under Debian the password for "root" is "fa".

4.6 Login Debian via VNC or SSH

If your NanoPi M2 is not connected to a display device you can download and install a "VNC Viewer" on your PC or mobile phone and login the NanoPi M2 via VNC. Its default password is "fa123456".
Here is a screenshot which shows how it looks like when users login the NanoPi M2 from an iPhone via VNC:

You can login via "SSH -l root 192.168.8.1" too and the default password for "root" is "fa"

5 Play with Debian

5.1 Ethernet Connection

If the NanoPi M2 is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP after it is powered on. If it is not connected via Ethernet or its DHCP is not activated obtaining an IP will fail and system will hang on for about 15 to 60 seconds

1) Setup MAC Address

The NanoPi M2 by default doesn't have a valid MAC address. If the board connects a network successfully it will automatically generates a random MAC in "/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0". Users can change it to a self-defined valid one:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

Here is the content of a sample configuration file:

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress 76:92:d4:85:f3:0f

The "hwaddress" specifies the MAC address. Here the "76:92:d4:85:f3:0f" is a random MAC. We suggest users change it to a valid one.
Note: when you reset the MAC please make sure your MAC meets IEEE's definition otherwise it will cause unexpected issues. After you make your change, save, exit and reboot your board or run the following commands to restart the network:

systemctl restart networking

5.2 Install Debian Packages

We provide a Debian jessie image. You can install Jessie's packages by commanding "apt-get". If this is your first installation you need to update the package list by running the following command:

apt-get update

You can install your preferred packages. For example if you want to install an FTP server you can do this:

apt-get install vsftpd

Note: you can change your download server by editting "/etc/apt/sources.list". You can get a complete server list from [1]. You need to select the one with "armhf".

6 如何编译系统

6.1 安装交叉编译器

首先下载并解压编译器:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

然后将编译器的路径加入到PATH中，用vi编辑vi ~/.bashrc，在末尾加入以下内容：

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

执行一下~/.bashrc脚本让设置立即在当前shell窗口中生效，注意"."后面有个空格：

. ~/.bashrc

这个编译器是64位的，不能在32位的Linux系统上运行，安装完成后，你可以快速的验证是否安装成功：

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

6.2 编译U-Boot

下载U-Boot源代码并编译，注意分支是nanopi2-lollipop-mr1:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi2.git
cd uboot_nanopi2
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
make s5p4418_nanopi2_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-

编译成功结束后您将获得u-boot.bin，您可以通过fastboot来更新正在运行的NanoPi M2板上SD的U-Boot，方法如下：
1) 在电脑上先用命令 sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot 安装 fastboot 工具;
2) 用串口配件连接NanoPi M2和电脑，在上电启动的2秒内，在串口终端上按下回车，进入 u-boot 的命令行模式；
3) 在u-boot 命令行模式下输入命令 fastboot 回车，进入 fastboot 模式；
4) 用microUSB线连接NanoPi M2和电脑，在电脑上输入以下命令烧写u-boot.bin:

fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.bin

注意：不建议直接使用dd来更新SD卡，否则有可能会导致无法正常启动。

6.3 准备mkimage

编译内核需要用到U-Boot中的工具mkimage，因此，在编译内核uImage前，您需要保证您的主机环境可以成功运行它。
你可以直接使用命令 sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools 来安装，也可以自己编译并安装：

cd uboot_nanopi2
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- tools
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin && sudo cp -v tools/mkimage /usr/local/sbin

6.4 编译Linux kernel

6.4.1 编译内核

下载内核源代码

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git
cd linux-3.4.y
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1

NanoPi2内核所属的分支是nanopi2-lollipop-mr1，在开始编译前先切换分支。

编译Android内核

make nanopi2_android_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

编译Debian内核

make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

编译成功结束后，新生成的内核烧写文件为 arch/arm/boot/uImage，此内核支持HDMI 720p输出，用于替换掉SD卡boot分区下的uImage.hdmi。
如果要支持HDMI 1080p，则需要修改内核配置：

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [ ] LCD
        [*] HDMI
        (0)   Display In  [0=Display 0, 1=Display 1]
              Resolution (1920 * 1080p)  --->
make uImage

使用新生成的uImage替换掉SD卡boot分区下的uImage.hdmi即可获得HDMI 1080p输出。
如果要编译支持LCD显示的内核，则需要修改内核配置：

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [*] LCD
        [ ] HDMI
make uImage

启用LCD，同时取消HDMI，然后退出并保存配置，编译后即可获得支持LCD显示的uImage，用于替换SD卡boot分区下的uImage。

6.4.2 编译内核模块

Android包含内核模块，位于system分区的 /lib/modules/ 下，如果您有新的内核模块或者内核配置有变化，则需要重新编译。
首先编译内核源代码中的模块：

cd linux-3.4.y
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- modules

另外有2个内核模块的源代码位于Android源代码中，可使用以下命令来编译：

cd /opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android
./vendor/friendly-arm/build/common/build-modules.sh

其中 “/opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android” 是指Android源代码的TOP目录，使用参数“-h”可查看帮助。
编译成功结束后，会显示生成的内核模块。

6.5 编译Android

搭建编译环境

搭建编译Android的环境建议使用64位的Ubuntu 14.04，安装需要的包即可。

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom

更多说明可查看 https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

下载源代码

Android源代码的下载需要使用repo，其安装和使用请查看 https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html 。

mkdir android && cd android
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/android_manifest.git -b nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
repo sync

其中“android”是指工作目录。

编译系统

source build/envsetup.sh
lunch aosp_nanopi2-userdebug
make -j8

编译成功完成后，目录 out/target/product/nanopi2/ 下包含可用于烧写的image文件。

7 扩展连接

7.1 连接USB(FA-CAM202)200万摄像头模块

NanoPi M2使用Debian系统，假设你已接好LCD屏或者HDMI，进入系统后，点击左下角的菜单键“Other”-->xawtv9，打开USB Camera软件。进入“welcome to xawtv！”，选择OK即可进行拍照。

7.2 连接CMOS 500万摄像头模块

NanoPi M2使用Android5.1系统，假设你已经接好LCD屏或者HDMI，进入系统后，直接点击“camera”图标，即可打开摄像头进行拍照。

7.3 连接USB摄像头使用OpenCV

OpenCV的全称是Open Source Computer Vision Library，是一个跨平台的计算机视觉库。
NanoPi M2跑Debian系统时，接USB Camera，可直接使用官方的OpenCV。

1、以下介绍的是NanoPi M2用C++使用的OpenCV：

首先需要保证你的NanoPi M2能连外网，假如你有串口，直接串口登陆超级终端（或者ssh登陆）。进入系统后，输入用户名（root），密码（fa）登陆；
以下命令在超级终端执行：

apt-get update
apt-get install libcv-dev libopencv-dev

2、NanoPi M2烧写Debian系统启动后，接上USB Camera，使用Debian系统自带的摄像头软件测试，确定摄像头能正常使用。
3、通过终端执行命令，查看你的摄像头设备：

ls /dev/video*

注：video9 是你的USB摄像头设备（注：video0到8均被其它设备占用了）

4、opencv的测试代码（官方C++示例代码）在 /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo, 使用以下命令即可编译：

cd /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo
make

编译成功后，得到可执行文件demo
5、这里特别说明：目前NanoPi M2的内核注册了9个video设备，而opencv的官方源码定义了最多只能使用8个Camera，所以这里需要临时删除一个video设备，以下命令则是删除video0：

rm /dev/video0
mv /dev/video9 /dev/video0

6、以下步骤需要在NanoPi M2上连接键盘后执行：

./demo

你便可以看到opencv已经用起来，如图：

7.4 连接USB WiFi

点击此处,内核编译链接[1]

8 更多OS

8.1 Ubuntu-Core

Ubuntu-Core是一个轻量级的Ubuntu系统，无桌面环境，可通过ssh登录。
仅提供给进阶爱好者交流使用，不对该系统提供专业技术支持。

访问此处下载地址下载系统固件。
将固件解压后，在Windows下使用友善官方提供 win32diskimager 工具烧写即可。
烧写完成后，将SD卡插入NanoPi M2，上电即可体验Ubuntu-Core。
登录账号：root或fa ; 登录密码：fa

8.2 Ubuntu-Mate

Ubuntu-Mate基于Ubuntu系统，使用的桌面环境是Mate-desktop，界面简洁易用，需配合LCD或者HDMI使用，可通过ssh登录。
仅提供给进阶爱好者交流使用，不对该系统提供专业技术支持。

访问此处下载地址下载系统固件。
将固件解压后，在Windows下使用友善官方提供 win32diskimager 工具烧写Ubuntu-Mate即可。
烧写完成后，将SD卡插入NanoPi M2，上电即可体验Ubuntu-Mate。
登录账号：root或fa ; 登录密码：fa

8.3 Kali

首先访问此处[2]的下载地址下载需要的固件文件;
准备大于8G的高速microSD卡(建议使用友善官方测试过的SD卡),并插入linux主机，通过命令sudo fdisk -l 查看该sd卡是哪个设备即/dev/sd*。
下载后把文件写到卡里，使用超级用户权限执行下列命令：

xzcat kali-2.0-nanopi2.img.xz | dd of=<YOURDEVICE> bs=1m

烧写完成，将卡插入设备，上电即可开始体验Kali操作系统。

说明：此文件系统是由Kali官方制作，我们仅提供下载链接供爱好者使用，不对此做技术支持。