NanoPi 2

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

The NanoPi2 is a high performance ARM Board developed by FriendlyARM for Hobbysts, Makers and Hackers for IOT projects. It features Samsung’s Cortex-A9 Quad Core S5P4418@1.4GHz SoC and 1G 32bit DDR3 RAM. It has built-in WiFi and Bluetooth which supports 802.11 b/g/n and Bluetooth 4.0. It boots Android and Debian from a TF card. It integrates an HDMI and LCD interface. Its adoption of the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pin header makes it compatible with both Raspberry Pi’s external GPIO modules and Arduino’s shield boards. Its PCB dimension is 75 x 40 mm.

2 Features

CPU: S5P4418, 1.4GHz
RAM: 1GB DDR3
Built in SDIO WiFi and Bluetooth module
USB 2.0 Type A x 1
Debug Serial Port/UART0 x 1
microSD Slot x 2
microUSB x 1: for data transmission and power input
LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
HDMI: HDMI 1.4A, Type-A, 1080P60
DVP Camera Interface: 0.5mm spacing FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
GPIO: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
Button: User Button x 1, Reset Button x 1
LED: LED for Power Indication x 1, User LED x 1
PCB Dimension: 75 x 40mm
Power: DC 5V/2A
OS: Android, Debian

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi 2接口布局

NanoPi 2 MicroSD

GPIO Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	VDD_SYS_3.3V	2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA	4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL	6	DGND
7	UART4_RX/GPIOB28	8	UART3_TXD/GPIOD21
9	DGND	10	UART3_RXD/GPIOD17
11	UART4_TX/GPIOB29	12	GPIOB26
13	GPIOB30	14	DGND
15	GPIOB31	16	PWM2/GPIOC14
17	VDD_SYS_3.3V	18	GPIOB27
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC31	20	DGND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOD0	22	PWM0/GPIOD1
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC29	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC30
25	DGND	26	PWM1/GPIOC13
27	I2C1_SDA	28	I2C1_SCL
29	GPIOC8	30	DGND
31	SPI2_CLK/GPIOC9	32	GPIOC28
33	SPI2_CS/GPIOC10	34	DGND
35	SPI2_MOSI/GPIOC12	36	GPIOC7
37	SPI2_MISO/GPIOC11	38	ALIVEGPIO2
39	DGND	40	ALIVEGPIO3

Debug Port CON1（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	DGND
2	VDD_5V
3	TXD0
4	RXD0

DVP Camera Interface Pin Spec

Pin#	Name
1, 2	VDD_SYS_3.3V
7,9,13,15,24	DGND
3	SCL0
4	SDA0
5	GPIOB14
6	GPIOB16
8,10	NC
11	VSYNC
12	HREF
14	PCLK
16-23	Data bit7-0

RGB LCD Interface Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Description
1, 2	VDD_5V	5V output, LCD power
11，20，29, 37，38，39，40, 45	DGND	ground
3-10	Blue LSB to MSB	RGB Blue
12-19	Green LSB to MSB	RGB Green
21-28	Red LSB to MSB	RGB Red
30	GPIOB25	available for users
31	GPIOC15	occupied by FriendlyARM one wire technology to recognize LCD models and control backlight and implement resistive touch, not applicable for users
32	XnRSTOUT Form CPU	low when system is reset
33	VDEN	signal the external LCD that data is valid on the data bus
34	VSYNC	vertical synchronization
35	HSYNC	horizontal synchronization
36	LCDCLK	LCD clock, Pixel frequency
41	SCL2	I2C2 clock signal, for capacitive touch's data transmission
42	SDA2	I2C2 data signal, for capacitive touch's data transmission
43	GPIOC16	interrupt pin for capacitive touch, used with I2C2
44	NC	not connected

Note

VDD_SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
For more details please refer to the document：NanoPi-2-1507-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

For more details please refer to the document:NanoPi-2-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before play with your NanoPi2 please get the following items ready

NanoPi 2
microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
HDMI monitor or LCD
USB keyboard and mouse
A Host running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Card We Tested

To make your NanoPi 2 boot and run fast we highly recommand you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card：

4.3 Make an Installation MicroSD Card

4.3.1 Under Windows

Please get the following files from here:download link to download image files:

For LCD or HDMI output please use the following files:
nanopi2-debian-sd4g.img.zip	Debian image files
nanopi2-android-sd4g.img.zip	Android image files
No display device connected, please use the following files:
nanopi2-debian-sd4g-wifiap.img.zip	Debian image file (By default WIFI AP is started and users can login via VNC or SSH)
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

Please uncompress these files. Insert an SD card(at least 4G) to a Windows PC, run the win32diskimager utility as administrator，On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive and the image files and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
Please insert this card to your NanoPi2 and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the blue LED and green LED are blinking this indicates your NanoPi2 is successfully booted.

4.3.2 Under Linux Desktop

1) Insert your microSD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions".

2) Download Firmware Package

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi2.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi2

3) Flash Android Firmware to MicroSD Card

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system) When you do “git clone” you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds after it prompts you to download image files otherwise you will miss the download.

4) Flash Debian Firmware to MicroSD Card

./fusing.sh /dev/sdx debian

4.4 Update Image Files in MicroSD Card From PC Host

If you want to make some changes to the image files in your MicroSD card please follow steps below otherwise you can skip this section.
Please insert your MicroSD card to a PC host running LINUX, mount the boot and rootfs sections of the SD card and follow the steps below:

1) If you want to change your kernel command line parameters you can do it via the fw_setevn utility under "sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools"
Check the current Command Line:

cd sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools
./fw_printenv /dev/sdc | grep bootargs

Android 5.1.1_r6 starts SELinux. By default it is enforcing. You can change it this way:

./fw_setenv /dev/sdc bootargs XXX androidboot.selinux=permissive

This will set it to "permissive". The "XXX" stands for the original bootargs' value.

2) Update Kernel
Our customized uboot will check the LCD type when it boots.For a non-Android OS If it recognizes an LCD connected to the NanoPi2 it will load "uImage" from "boot" otherwise it will load "uImage.hdmi"
However for Android these two files don't make any differences for whatever display device it detects. You can use your generated uImage to replace the existing one under "boot".
For Debian if your generated kernel is for LCD you need to replace the existing uImage or if your kernel is for HDMI you need to replace the existing uImage.hdmi .

4.5 Run Android or Debian

Insert a MicroSD card with Android image files to your NanoPi2, connect the NanoPi2 to an HDMI monitor and a 5V/2A power source the NanoPi2 will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is working and you will see Android loading on the HDMI monitor. If at the same time you connect your NanoPi2 to a PC running Ubuntu and Minicom via a serial cable you will see system messages output to the PC’s minicom terminal. Under Debian the password for "root" is "fa".

4.6 Login Debian via VNC or SSH

If your NanoPi 2 is not connected to a display device and it runs the "-wifiap.img" image file you can login your NanoPi2 at "nanopi2-wifiap" from another device via WIFI. The password for that AP is "123456789". After you successfully connect to your NanoPi2 you can go to this link here to download and install a "VNC Viewer". To login the NanoPi2 via VNC you need to set the IP address and port to 192.168.8.1:5901 and its default password is "fa123456". Here is a screenshot which shows how it looks like when users login the NanoPi2 from an iPhone via VNC:

You can login via "SSH -l root 192.168.8.1" too and the default password for "root" is "fa".
To make SSH login fluent and fast please turn off the WiFi's power saving mode by running the following command:

iwconfig wlan0 power off

5 Play with Debian

5.1 Wireless Connection

After Debian is fully loaded please click on the network icon on top right of the GUI it will automatically search for nearby WiFi sources. Select one source from the list, click on its "Properties", type its password, save, close and then "Connect". If everything is fine your NanoPi2 will be able to connect to a WiFi source.

The following section only applies to the NanoPi2 which runs the "-wifiap.img" file:
By default the system's WIFI AP mode is on therefore it cannot search and connect to a wireless router. You need to turn off the WiFi AP mode by following the instructions below: First please set up the WIFI rounter you expect to connect to:
Log in the NanoPi2 via SSH. Check the WIFI device by running the following commands. Those starting with "wlan" are WiFi devices:

ifconfig -a

By default "wlan0" is the Wifi device. You need to create a configuration file with the same name under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/". For instance you can create a "wlan0" file:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

Here is the wlan0's content:

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver nl80211
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

The "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" need to be replaced with your actual ESSID and password.

If your WiFi password has special characters or you don't want your password saved as plain text you can use "wpa_passphrase" to generate a psk for your WiFi password. Here is how you can do it:

wpa_passphrase YourWiFiESSID

Follow its prompt to type your password you will get some code in the following format. The string after "psk=" is your new password:

network={
        ssid="YourWiFiESSID"
        #psk="YourWiFiPassword"
        psk=1b66ca678d6f439f7360686ff5eeb7519cdc44b76a40d96515e4eb807a6d408b
}

Now you can replace the existing password in the wlan0 file with the new one:

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver nl80211
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-psk 1b66ca678d6f439f7360686ff5eeb7519cdc44b76a40d96515e4eb807a6d408b

Next turn off the AP mode. You need to do this as root. Please run the following commands and your system will be rebooted. After your system rebooted it will automatically connect to the WiFi router you set up in your first step:

su
turn-wifi-into-apmode no

5.2 Setup Wi-Fi AP

You can follow the steps below to setup Wi-Fi AP:

turn-wifi-into-apmode yes

Please reboot the system as prompted. By default the AP's name is "nanopi2-wifiap" and the password is 123456789.

Now you are able to find the "nanopi2-wifiap" from a PC host and connect to it. If a connection is a success you will be able to SSH to this NanoPi2 at "192.168.8.1":

ssh root@192.168.8.1

The password for it is "fa".

To make SSH login fluent and fast please turn off the WiFi's power saving mode by running the following command:

iwconfig wlan0 power off

You can check the WiFi mode via the following command:

cat /sys/module/bcmdhd/parameters/op_mode

If the result is "2" it means it is currently working as a WiFi AP.If you want to switch back to the Station mode you can do it this way:

turn-wifi-into-apmode no

5.3 Bluetooth

Click on the bluetooth icon on right bottom of the GUI a menu will pop up:
Make discoverable enables the NanoPi2 to be searched for by other bluetooth devices;
Devices... opens a search window and searches for nearby bluetooth devices(Note: the "Make discoverable" property needs to be enabled on those nearby devices):
Send Files to Device...enables the NanoPi2 to send files to another bluetooth device which is a pair of the NanoPi2.

5.4 Install Debian Packages

We provide a Debian jessie image. You can install Jessie's packages by commanding "apt-get". If this is your first installation you need to update the package list by running the following command:

apt-get update

You can install your preferred packages. For example if you want to install an FTP server you can do this:

apt-get install vsftpd

Note: you can change your download server by editting "/etc/apt/sources.list". You can get a complete server list from [1]. You need to select the one with "armhf".

6 Make Your Own OS Image

6.1 Setup Development Environment

6.2 Install Cross Compiler

Please download the compiler package:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

Then add the compiler's directory to "PATH" by appending the following lines in "~/.bashrc":

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Execute "~/.bashrc" to make the changes into effect. Please note that there is a space after ".":

. ~/.bashrc

This compiler is a 64-bit one therefore it cannot be run on a 32-bit LINUX. After the compiler is installed you can verify it by running the following commands:

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

6.3 Compile U-Boot

Download the U-Boot source code and compile it. Please note the github's branch is nanopi2-lollipop-mr1:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi2.git
cd uboot_nanopi2
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
make s5p4418_nanopi2_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-

After your compilation succeeds a u-boot.bin will be generated. If you want to test it please flash it to your installation MicroSD card via fastboot. Here is how you can do it:
1) On your PC host please run "sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot" to install the fastboot utility
2) Connect your NanoPi2 to your PC host via a serial cable (e.g. PSU-ONECOME). Press the enter key within two seconds right after you power on your NanoPi 2 and you will enter uboot's command line mode:
3) After type "fastboot" and press "enter" you will enter the fastboot mode:
4) Connect your NanoPi2 to this PC host via a microUSB cable and type the following command to flash the u-boot.bin:

fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.bin

Warning: you cannot update this MicroSD card by commanding "dd". This command which will cause trouble when booting the NanoPi2.

6.4 Prepare mkimage

You need the mkimage utility to compile a U-Boot source code package. Please make sure this utility works well on your host before you start compiling a uImage.
You can install this utility by either commanding "sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools" or following the commands below:

cd uboot_nanopi2
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- tools
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin && sudo cp -v tools/mkimage /usr/local/sbin

6.5 Compile Linux kernel

6.5.1 Compile Kernel

Download Kernel Source Code

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git
cd linux-3.4.y
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1

The NanoPi2's kernel source code lies in the "nanopi2-lollipop-mr1" branch.

Compile Android Kernel

make nanopi2_android_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

Compile Debian Kernel

make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

After your compilation succeeds a uImage will be generated in the "arch/arm/boot/uImage" directory. This kernel is for HDMI. You can use it to replace the existing uImage.hdmi
If you want to generate a kernel for LCD you can do it this way:

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [*] LCD
        [ ] HDMI
make uImage

After your compilation succeeds a uImage will be generated for HDMI. You can use it to replace the existing uImage.

6.5.2 Compile Kernel Modules

Android contains kernel modules which are in the "/lib/modules" directory in the system section. If you want to add your own modules to the kernel or you changed your kernel configurations you need to recompile these new modules.
Compile Original Kernel Modules:

cd linux-3.4.y
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-eabi- modules

Here we have two new modules and we can compile them by following the commands below:

cd /opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android
./vendor/friendly-arm/build/common/build-modules.sh

The "/opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android" directory points to the top directory of Android source code. You can get more details by specifying option "-h".
After your compilation succeeds new modules will be generated

6.6 Compile Android

Install Cross Compiler

We recommend installing 64 bit Ubuntu 14.04 on your PC host.

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom

For more details please refer to https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

Download Source Code

You need to use repo to get the Android source code. Please refer to https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html 。

mkdir android && cd android
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/android_manifest.git -b nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
repo sync

The "android" directory is the working directory.

Compile System Package

source build/envsetup.sh
lunch aosp_nanopi2-userdebug
make -j8

After your compilation succeeds an image will be generated in the "out/target/product/nanopi2/" directory.

7 Connect NanoPi 2 to External Modules

7.1 Connect NanoPi 2 to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

In this usecase the NanoPi 2 runs Debian. If you connect your NanoPi 2 to our LCD after Debain is fully loaded please click on "other"-->"xawtv9" on the left bottom of the GUI and the USB Camera application will be started. After enter "welcome to xawtv！" please click on "OK" to start exploring.

7.2 Connect NanoPi 2 to CMOS 5M-Pixel Camera

In this usecase the NanoPi 2 runs Android5.1. If you connect your NanoPi 2 to our LCD after Debain is fully loaded please click on the "Camera" icon the application will be started.

7.3 Use OpenCV to Access USB Camera

The full name of "OpenCV" is Open Source Computer Vision Library and it is a cross platform vision library.
When the NanoPi 2 runs Debian users can use OpenCV APIs to access a USB Camera device

Here is a guideline on how to use OpenCV with C++ on the NanoPi 2
1. Preparations

---Firstly you need to make sure your NanoPi 2 is connected to the internet. 
   Login your NanoPi 2 via a serial terminal or SSH. After login please type your username(root) and password(fa):
---Run the following commands:

#apt-get update
 (The OS images we provide for the NanoPi 2 by default have the vi utility. However we suggest you install the vim utility)
#apt-get install vim
#apt-get install libcv-dev libopencv-dev

2. Make sure your USB camera works with the NanoPi 2. You can test your camera with NanoPi 2's camera utility.

3. Check your camera device:

#ls /dev/video + "Tab" key (This lists available USB camera devices. In our test case video9 was available and video0 to video8 were occupied)

4. OpenCV's code sample:

#cd /home/fa
#vim test.cpp

#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
 
using namespace cv;
 
int main(int, char**)
{
    VideoCapture cap(0); // open the default camera
    if(!cap.isOpened())  // check if we succeeded
        return -1;
 
    Mat edges;
    namedWindow("edges",1);
    for(;;)
    {
        Mat frame;
        cap >> frame; // get a new frame from camera
        cvtColor(frame, edges, CV_BGR2GRAY);
        GaussianBlur(edges, edges, Size(7,7), 1.5, 1.5);
        Canny(edges, edges, 0, 30, 3);
        imshow("edges", edges);
        if(waitKey(30) >= 0) break;
    }
    // the camera will be deinitialized automatically in VideoCapture destructor
    return 0;
}

Compile the code sample:

#g++ test.cpp -o test -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc

If it is compiled successfully a "test" executable will be generated:
5. Note: the NanoPi 2 has nine video devices. However this OpenCV's code sample defines a maximum of 8 cameras can be accessed therefore one video needs to be removed. Here we removed video0

#rm /dev/video0
#mv /dev/video9 /dev/video0

6. Connect NanoPi 2 to USB Keyboard & Run the Following Command:

#./test

This is what you expect to observe:

8 Extend NanoPi 2's TF Card Section

8.1 For Debian

Please run the following commands on a PC host's terminal:

sudo umount /dev/sdx
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 2 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx2

8.2 For Android

Please run the following commands on a PC host's terminal:

sudo umount /dev/sdx
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 4 100 resizepart 7 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx7

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

9 Resources

image files
Schematic (NanoPi-2-1507-Schematic.pdf)
Dimensions (NanoPi-2-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip)
SOC Datasheet (Pi2_SOC_DS_0.1.pdf)
AP6212 Datasheet (AP6212_V1.1_09022014.pdf)
External Modules and Development Documents:

10 Update Log

10.1 Dec-01-2015

Released Android 5.1.1_r6. The source code has been pushed to https://github.com/friendlyarm
4.2.1: Combined originally individual HDMI image and LCD image to one
4.3: Updated steps on how to make changes in image files in SD card
6: Updated code branch to "nanopi2-lollipop-mr1"
6.4.2: Added Debian uImage that supports LCD