Matrix - 3-Axis Digital Compass

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1 Introduction

3-Axis Digital Accelerometer

• The Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass module is designed to measure the direction and functions like to a compass.
• It utilizes the HMC5883L chip. The HMC5883L includes high-resolution HMC118X series magneto-resistive sensors plus an ASIC containing amplification, automatic degaussing strap drivers, offset cancellation, and a 12-bit ADC that enables 1° to 2° compass heading accuracy. It achieves 2 milli-gauss field resolution in ±8 gauss fields. These sensors’ solid-state construction with very low cross-axis sensitivity is designed to measure both the direction and the magnitude of Earth’s magnetic fields, from milli-gauss to 8 gauss. It has an I2C serial bus interface.
• It integrates a 3.3V power conversion IC allowing it to be powered by an external 5V power source. It can be controlled by an I2C master.

2 Features

• I2C，3.3V
• 1° to 2° compass heading accuracy
• 2.54 mm spacing pin
• PCB Dimension(mm): 16 x 16

• Pin Description:

Pin	Description
SDA	I2C SDA
SCL	I2C SCL
5V	Power 5V
GND	Ground

3 Basic Device Operation

• The Honeywell HMC5883L magnetoresistive sensor circuit is a trio of sensors and application specific support circuits to measure magnetic fields. With power supply applied, the sensor converts any incident magnetic field in the sensitive axis directions to a differential voltage output. The magnetoresistive sensors are made of a nickel-iron (Permalloy) thin-film and patterned as a resistive strip element. In the presence of a magnetic field, a change in the bridge resistive elements causes a corresponding change in voltage across the bridge outputs. These resistive elements are aligned together to have a common sensitive axis (indicated by arrows in the pinout diagram) that will provide positive voltage change with magnetic fields increasing in the sensitive direction. Because the output is only proportional to the magnetic field component along its axis, additional sensor bridges are placed at orthogonal directions to permit accurate measurement of magnetic field in any orientation.
• The HMC5883L communicates via a two-wire I2C bus system as a slave device. It has 8-bit read address and 8-bit write address. This device supports standard and fast modes, 100kHz and 400kHz, respectively, but does not support the high speed mode (Hs). The bus bit format is an 8-bit Data/Address send and a 1-bit acknowledge bit. The format of the data bytes (payload) shall be case sensitive ASCII characters or binary data to the HMC5883L slave, and binary data returned. Negative binary values will be in two’s complement form. The default (factory) HMC5883L 8-bit slave address is 0x3C for write operations, or 0x3D for read operations.
• The module has an I2C interface which complies to the I2C standard protocol and the connection diagram is as follows

4 Download Matrix Source Code

All the matrix modules' code samples are open source. They are maintained on GitHub - git://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git
Each branch in this hub contains the matrix modules' code samples for a board that the matrix modules can work with.

• The nanopi branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the NanoPi
• The tiny4412 branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the Tiny4412
• The raspberrypi branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the RaspberryPi

Please follow the steps below to get the source code:
Install the git utility on a PC running Ubuntu14.04

$ sudo apt-get install git

Clone the matrix code from GitHub

$ git clone git://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git

If this is successful a "matrix" directory will be generated, which will contain all the matrix modules' code samples.

5 Connect to NanoPi

5.1 Preparations

Please install a Debian on a NanoPi and an appropriate cross compiler on a PC. Please refer to wiki: NanoPi
Compile a NanoPi kernel. Note: please use the kernel's source code from the nanopi-v4.1.y-matrix branch.

$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
$ cd linux-4.x.y
$ git checkout nanopi-v4.1.y-matrix
$ make nanopi_defconfig
$ touch .scmversion
$ make

5.2 Hardware Connection

Please refer to the following connection diagram to connect the Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass module to the NanoPi

Connection Details:

Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass	NanoPi
SDA	Pin3
SCL	Pin5
5V	Pin4
GND	Pin6

5.3 Compile Test Program

Please login the matrix hub and enter the nanopi branch

$ cd matrix
$ git checkout nanopi

Compile the matrix code

$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- clean
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- install

Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the NanoPi-Debian.
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass" module is "matrix-3_axis_digital_compass".

5.4 Run Test Program

Please copy the library files and test program to the NanoPi

$ cp install/usr/bin/* nanopi_rootfs/usr/bin/
$ cp install/lib/* nanopi_rootfs/lib/ -d

Power on the NanoPi and run the following command in Debian's terminal
Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to a NanoPi.

$ matrix-3_axis_digital_compass

5.5 Code Sample

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int devFD;
    double angle;
 
    if ((devFD = hmc5883Init()) == -1) {
        printf("Fail to init hmc5883\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    if ((angle = hmc5883Read(devFD)) == -1) {
        printf("Fail to read hmc5883\n");
        hmc5883DeInit(devFD);
        return -1;
    }
    printf("The angle is %f\n", angle);
    printf("You are heading ");
    if((angle < 22.5) || (angle > 337.5 )) {           
        printf("South\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 22.5) && (angle < 67.5 )) {
        printf("South-West\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 67.5) && (angle < 112.5 )) {  
        printf("West\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 112.5) && (angle < 157.5 )) {  
        printf("North-West\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 157.5) && (angle < 202.5 )) {   
        printf("North\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 202.5) && (angle < 247.5 )) {  
        printf("NorthEast\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 247.5) && (angle < 292.5 )) {  
        printf("East\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 292.5) && (angle < 337.5 )) {   
        printf("SouthEast\n");
    }
    hmc5883DeInit(devFD);
    return 0;
}

6 Connect to Tiny4412

6.1 Preparations

Please refer to the Tiny4412's user's manual to install a UbuntuCore on the Tiny4412 and install an appropriate cross compiler on a PC.
Note: only the Tiny4412SDK-1506 carrier board can work with this module.

6.2 Hardware Connection

Please refer to the following diagram to connect the Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass to the Tiny4412

Connection Details:

Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass	Tiny4412
SDA	CON18 SDA
SCL	CON18 SCL
5V	CON18 5V
GND	CON18 GND

6.3 Compile Test Program

Please login the Matrix hub and enter the matrix-tiny4412 branch

$ cd matrix
$ git checkout tiny4412

Compile the matrix code

$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- clean
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- install

Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-4.7.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the Tiny4412-UbuntuCore.
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass" module is "matrix-3_axis_digital_compass".

6.4 Run Test Program

拷贝matrix相关的库文件和测试程序到Tiny4412的UbuntuCore的文件系统上

$ cp install/usr/bin/* tiny4412_rootfs/usr/bin/
$ cp install/lib/* tiny4412_rootfs/lib/ -d

然后启动Tiny4412，在UbuntuCore的shell终端中执行如下命令运行模块Matrix-3_Axis_Digital_Compass的测试程序
注意：此模块并不支持热插拔，启动系统前需要确保硬件正常连接。

$ matrix-3_axis_digital_compass

6.5 代码展示

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int devFD;
    double angle;
 
    if ((devFD = hmc5883Init()) == -1) {
        printf("Fail to init hmc5883\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    if ((angle = hmc5883Read(devFD)) == -1) {
        printf("Fail to read hmc5883\n");
        hmc5883DeInit(devFD);
        return -1;
    }
    printf("The angle is %f\n", angle);
    printf("You are heading ");
    if((angle < 22.5) || (angle > 337.5 )) {           
        printf("South\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 22.5) && (angle < 67.5 )) {
        printf("South-West\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 67.5) && (angle < 112.5 )) {  
        printf("West\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 112.5) && (angle < 157.5 )) {  
        printf("North-West\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 157.5) && (angle < 202.5 )) {   
        printf("North\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 202.5) && (angle < 247.5 )) {  
        printf("NorthEast\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 247.5) && (angle < 292.5 )) {  
        printf("East\n");
    }
    else if((angle > 292.5) && (angle < 337.5 )) {   
        printf("SouthEast\n");
    }
    hmc5883DeInit(devFD);
    return 0;
}

9 相关资料

HMC5883L_3-Axis_Digital_Compass_IC.pdf