NanoPi Zero2

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

Case

Case

Case

Case

• The NanoPi-Zero2 is another fun board developed by FriendlyELEC for makers, hobbyists and fans.

2 Hardware Spec

• SoC: Rockchip RK3528A
  • CPU: Quad-core ARM Cortex-A53
  • GPU: ARM Mali-450 GPU
  • VPU: 4K H265/H264 60fps decoding
• RAM: 1GB/2GB LPDDR4/LPDDR4X
• Flash: Supports eMMC Module
• Ethernet: one Native Gigabit Ethernet
• M.2 Key-E 2230 connector with PCIe 2.1
• USB Ports:
  • One USB 2.0 Host Type-A port
  • One USB 2.0 Device Type-C port for eMMC upgrade
• One microSD Slot
• One 30-pin FPC GPIO connector
• Debug: Debug UART, 3.3V level, 1500000bps
• LEDs: 2 x GPIO Controlled LEDs (SYS & LED1)
• others:
  • 2 Pin 1.27/1.25mm battery connector for Low-power RTC
  • RESET Button, RECOVERY Button, and MASK Button for eMMC upgrade
• Power supply: DC 5V/2A, via USB-C connector
• PCB Size: 45*45*1.2mm
• Temperature measuring range: 0℃ to 80℃

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi Zero2 Layout

• Debug UART Pin Spec

3V level signals, 1500000bps

Pin#	Assignment	Description
1	GND	0V
2	UART2DBG_TX	output
3	UART2DBG_RX	intput

• USB Port

Each USB 3.0 port has 2A overcurrent protection.

• RTC

RTC backup current is 27uA.

Connector P/N: Molex 53398-0271

Notes

1. Power Input : 5V/3A, via USB Type-C(USB PD Specification is not supported)

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi-Zero2 get the following items ready

• NanoPi-Zero2
• MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
• 5V/3A and above USB Type-C interface power adapter
• If you need to develop and compile,you need a computer that can connect to the Internet. It is recommended to install Ubuntu 20.04 64-bit system and use the following script to initialize the development environment, or use docker container:
  
  • How to setup the Compiling Environment on Ubuntu bionic
    
  • docker-cross-compiler-novnc
    

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

Refer to： TFCardsWeTested

4.3 Configure parameters for serial port

Use the following serial parameters:

Baud rate	1500000
Data bit	8
Parity check	None
Stop bit	1
Flow control	None

5 Work with FriendlyCore

5.1 FriendlyCore User Account

• Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

• Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

5.2 Update Software Packages

$ sudo apt-get update

5.3 Setup Network Configurations

5.3.1 Set static IP address

By default "eth0" is assigned an IP address obtained via dhcp. If you want to change the setting you need to change the following file:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

For example if you want to assign a static IP to it you can run the following commands:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.1.231
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1

5.3.2 Set a DNS

You also need to modify the following file to add the DNS configuration:

vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

For example, set to 192.168.1.1:

[Resolve]
DNS=192.168.1.1

Restart the systemd-resolved service with the following command:

sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
sudo systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service

5.3.3 Set up to use another network interface

To change the setting of "eth1" you can add a new file similar to eth0's configuration file under the /etc/network/interfaces.d/ directory.

5.4 Setup Wi-Fi

First, use the following command to check if Network-Manager is installed on your system:

which nmcli

If you have installed it, refer to this link to connect to WiFi: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings, If you do not have Network-Manager installed on your system, please refer to the following method to configure WiFi,
By default the WiFi device is "wlan0". You need to create a configuration file under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/" for WiFi:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

Here is a sample wlan0 file:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

Please replace "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" with your WiFiESSID and password. After save and close the file you can connect to your WiFi source by running the following command:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart networking

After you power on your board it will automatically connect to your WiFi source.
Please note that if you use one TF card to boot multiple boards the WiFi device name will likely be named to "wlan1", "wlan2" and etc. You can reset it to "wlan0" by deleting the contents of the following file and reboot your board: /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

5.5 Install the kernel-header package

sudo dpkg -i /opt/linux-headers-*.deb

6 How to Compile

6.1 Setup Development Environment

6.1.1 Method 1: Using docker to cross-compile

Please refre to docker-cross-compiler-novnc

6.1.2 Method 2: Setup build environment on the host machine

6.1.2.1 Install required packages

Install and run requirements ubuntu 20.04, install required packages using the following commands:

sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get install -y sudo curl
sudo bash -c \
  "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/build-env-on-ubuntu-bionic/master/install.sh)"

The following cross-compilers will be installed:

Version	Architecture	Compiler path	Purpose
4.9.3	armhf	/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3	Can be used to build 32-bit ARM applications
6.4	aarch64	/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/6.4-aarch64	Can be used to build kernel 4.4
11.3	aarch64	/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64	Can be used to build kernel 4.19 or higher and U-Boot

6.1.2.2 Setting the compiler path

Based on the table in the previous section, select the appropriate version of the compiler and add the compiler's path to PATH. For example, if you want to use the 11.3 cross-compiler, edit ~/.bashrc using vi and add the following content to the end:

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Run the ~/.bashrc script to make it effective in the current commandline. Note: there is a space after ".":

. ~/.bashrc

To verify if the installation was successful：

$ aarch64-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/libexec/gcc/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/11.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu
Configured with: /home/cross/arm64/src/gcc/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64 --exec_prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64 --with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --with-arch=armv8-a+crypto+crc --with-cpu=cortex-a53 --with-pkgversion=ctng-1.25.0-119g-FA --with-bugurl=http://www.friendlyelec.com/ --enable-objc-gc --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --disable-libgomp --disable-libssp --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-libsanitizer --disable-libmpx --with-gmp=/home/cross/arm64/buildtools --with-mpfr=/home/cross/arm64/buildtools --with-mpc=/home/cross/arm64/buildtools --with-isl=/home/cross/arm64/buildtools --enable-lto --enable-threads=posix --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-default-pie --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-plugin --enable-gold --with-libintl-prefix=/home/cross/arm64/buildtools --disable-multilib --with-local-prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/aarch64-cortexa53-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-long-long --enable-checking=release --enable-link-serialization=2
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib
gcc version 11.3.0 (ctng-1.25.0-119g-FA)

6.2 Build Openwrt/Friendlywrt

6.2.1 Download Code

Two versions are available, please choose as required:

6.2.1.1 FriendlyWrt 21.02

mkdir friendlywrt21-rk3528
cd friendlywrt21-rk3528
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v21.02 \
        -m rk3528.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle

6.2.1.2 FriendlyWrt 23.05

mkdir friendlywrt23-rk3528
cd friendlywrt23-rk3528
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo --depth 1 tools
tools/repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/friendlywrt_manifests -b master-v23.05 \
        -m rk3528.xml --repo-url=https://github.com/friendlyarm/repo  --no-clone-bundle
tools/repo sync -c  --no-clone-bundle

6.2.2 First compilation step

./build.sh rk3528.mk  # or rk3528-docker.mk

All the components (including u-boot, kernel, and friendlywrt) are compiled and the sd card image will be generated, then execute the following command to generate the image file for installing the system into the emmc:

./build.sh emmc-img

After making changes to the project, the sd card image needs to be repackaged by running the following command:

./build.sh sd-img

6.2.3 Secondary compilation steps

cd friendlywrt
make menuconfig
rm -rf ./tmp
make -j${nproc}
cd ../
./build.sh sd-img
./build.sh emmc-img

6.2.4 Build u-boot only

./build.sh uboot

6.2.5 Build kernel only

./build.sh kernel

6.2.6 Build friendlywrt only

./build.sh friendlywrt

Or go to the friendlywrt directory and follow the standard openwrt commands. If you get an error with the above command, try using the following command to compile in a single thread:

cd friendlywrt
make -j1 V=s

6.3 Build Other Linux

6.3.1 Kernel and u-boot versions

Operating System	Kernel Version	U-boot version	Cross-compiler	Partition type	Packaging Tool	Kernel branch	Kernel configuration	U-boot branch	U-boot configuration
openmediavault-arm64	linux v6.1.y	u-boot v2017.09	11.3-aarch64	GPT	sd-fuse	nanopi6-v6.1.y	nanopi5_linux_defconfig	nanopi5-v2017.09	nanopi5_defconfig
ubuntu-noble-core-arm64				GPT
debian-bookworm-core-arm64
friendlywrt21							nanopi5_linux_defconfig +friendlywrt.config
friendlywrt21-docker
friendlywrt23
friendlywrt23-docker

• Kernel git repo：https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip
• U-boot git repo：https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip
• The cross-compile toolchain is located in the path: /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/
• The SD-Fuse is a helper script to make bootable SD card image.

6.3.2 Build kernel linux-v6.1.y

This section applies to the following operating systems:

friendlywrt21

friendlywrt21-docker

friendlywrt23

friendlywrt23-docker

ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

openmediavault-arm64

debian-bookworm-core-arm64

Clone the repository to your local drive then build:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi6-v6.1.y kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# Configuring the Kernel
# Load default configuration
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi5_linux_defconfig
# Optionally, load configuration for FriendlyWrt
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi5_linux_defconfig friendlywrt.config
# Optionally, if you want to change the default kernel config
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 menuconfig
# Start building kernel
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 -j$(nproc)
# Start building kernel modules
mkdir -p out-modules && rm -rf out-modules/*
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

Pack the kernel.img and resource.img:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3528/kernel-6.1.y/tools/mkkrnlimg && chmod 755 mkkrnlimg
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3528/kernel-6.1.y/tools/resource_tool && chmod 755 resource_tool
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3528/kernel-6.1.y/prebuilt/boot/logo.bmp
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3528/kernel-6.1.y/prebuilt/boot/logo_kernel.bmp
./mkkrnlimg arch/arm64/boot/Image kernel.img
./resource_tool --dtbname arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3528-nanopi*-rev*.dtb logo.bmp logo_kernel.bmp

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

kernel.img

resource.img

The kernel modules are located in the out-modules directory

Run your build:
Please refre to #Running the build

6.3.3 Build u-boot v2017.09

This section applies to the following operating systems:

friendlywrt21

friendlywrt21-docker

friendlywrt23

friendlywrt23-docker

ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

openmediavault-arm64

debian-bookworm-core-arm64

Clone the repository to your local drive then build:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rkbin --single-branch --depth 1 -b friendlyelec
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi5-v2017.09
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
cd uboot-rockchip/
./make.sh nanopi_r3

After the compilation, the following files will be generated:

uboot.img

trust.img

rk356x_spl_loader_vX.YY.ZZZ.bin (aka MiniLoaderAll.bin)

Run your build:
Please refre to #Running the build

6.3.4 Running the build

6.3.4.1 Install to target board

This section applies to the following operating systems:

friendlywrt21

friendlywrt21-docker

friendlywrt23

friendlywrt23-docker

ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

openmediavault-arm64

debian-bookworm-core-arm64

RK3528 uses GPT partitions by default, you can use the dd command, but be careful to choose the right output device:

• The SD/TF Card device node: /dev/mmcblk0
  
• The eMMC device node: /dev/mmcblk2
  

The following is an example of how to update the kernel to eMMC:
Use the 'parted' command to view the partition layout:

parted /dev/mmcblk2 print

Sample outputs:

Model: MMC BJTD4R (sd/mmc)
Disk /dev/mmcblk2: 31.3GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
 
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      8389kB  12.6MB  4194kB               uboot
 2      12.6MB  16.8MB  4194kB               trust
 3      16.8MB  21.0MB  4194kB               misc
 4      21.0MB  25.2MB  4194kB               dtbo
 5      25.2MB  41.9MB  16.8MB               resource
 6      41.9MB  83.9MB  41.9MB               kernel
 7      83.9MB  134MB   50.3MB               boot
 8      134MB   2500MB  2366MB  ext4         rootfs
 9      2500MB  31.3GB  28.8GB  ext4         userdata

as shown above, the resource partition is located at 5 and the kernel partition is located at 6. Use the dd command to write the resource.img and kernel.img files to these partitions, the commands are as follows:

dd if=resource.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p5 bs=1M
dd if=kernel.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p6 bs=1M

If you want to update u-boot:

dd if=uboot.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p1 bs=1M

To update new driver modules, copy the newly compiled driver modules to the appropriate directory under /lib/modules.

6.3.4.2 Packaging and creating an SD image

To create a new OS image file, you need to use the "sd-fuse" packaging tool.

"sd-fuse" is a collection of scripts that can be used to create bootable SD card images for FriendlyElec boards. Its main features include:

• Creation of root filesystem images from a directory
  
• Building of bootable SD card images
  
• Simple compilation of kernel, U-Boot, and third-party drivers
  

Please click on the following link to find out more:

Kernel version	Packaging Tool
linux v6.1.y	sd-fuse_rk3528/kernel-6.1.y

6.3.4.3 USB flashing

6.3.4.3.1 Linux

Reboot the board and enter loader mode with the following command:

sudo reboot loader

To flash U-Boot and kernel using the "upgrade_tool_v2.30_for_linux" tool, please use the following command:

sudo upgrade_tool di -k kernel.img
sudo upgrade_tool di -re resource.img
sudo upgrade_tool di -u uboot.img
sudo upgrade_tool RD

Note: "upgrade_tool" is a command-line tool provided by Rockchip for Linux operating systems (Linux_Upgrade_Tool).

6.4 Build the code using scripts

6.4.1 Download scripts and image files

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_rk3528.git -b kernel-6.1.y
cd sd-fuse_rk3528
wget http://112.124.9.243/dvdfiles/rk3528/images-for-eflasher/ubuntu-noble-core-arm64-images.tgz
tar xvzf ubuntu-noble-core-arm64-images.tgz

6.4.2 Compile the kernel

Download the kernel source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the ubuntu-noble-core-arm64 directory will be automatically updated, including the kernel modules in the file system:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi6-v6.1.y kernel-rk3528
KERNEL_SRC=$PWD/kernel-rk3528 ./build-kernel.sh ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

6.4.3 Compile the kernel headers

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi6-v6.1.y kernel-rk3528
MK_HEADERS_DEB=1 BUILD_THIRD_PARTY_DRIVER=0 KERNEL_SRC=$PWD/kernel-rk3528 ./build-kernel.sh ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

6.4.4 Compile the uboot

Download the uboot source code and compile it. the relevant image files in the ubuntu-noble-core-arm64 directory will be automatically updated:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --depth 1 -b nanopi5-v2017.09
UBOOT_SRC=$PWD/uboot-rockchip ./build-uboot.sh ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

6.4.5 Generate new image

Repackage the image file in the ubuntu-noble-core-arm64 directory into sd card image:

./mk-sd-image.sh ubuntu-noble-core-arm64

After the command is completed, the image is in the out directory.

7 Using On-Board Hardware Resources

7.1 Using VPU

Please refer to NPU

7.2 Using NPU

Please refer to NPU

8 Backup rootfs and create custom SD image (to burn your application into other boards)

8.1 Backup rootfs

Run the following commands on your target board. These commands will back up the entire root partition:

sudo passwd root
su root
cd /
tar --warning=no-file-changed -cvpzf /rootfs.tar.gz \
    --exclude=/rootfs.tar.gz --exclude=/var/lib/docker/runtimes \
    --exclude=/etc/firstuser --exclude=/etc/friendlyelec-release \
    --exclude=/usr/local/first_boot_flag --one-file-system /

Note: if there is a mounted directory on the system, an error message will appear at the end, which can be ignored.

8.2 Making a bootable SD card from a root filesystem

Only support RK3328/RK3399/RK3568/RK3566/RK3588

9 Unbricking Method

If the ROM is not installed correctly, causing the development board to become bricked, and you might not have the opportunity to reinstall the ROM via an SD card, you need to enter Maskrom mode to unbrick it by erasing the storage device.

9.1 Windows Users

9.1.1 Download Required Files

• Get the necessary tools: Visit here, find RKDevTool_v3.19_for_window.zip and DriverAssitant_v5.12.zip in the 05_Tools directory, and download them to your local machine.
• Install Rockchip USB driver and RKDevTool: Extract DriverAssitant_v5.12.zip to install the Rockchip USB driver, and extract RKDevTool_v3.19_for_window.zip to obtain the Rockchip flashing tool RKDevTool.
• Get the loader: Visit here, enter the tools directory corresponding to your CPU model, and download MiniLoaderAll.bin.

9.1.2 Enter Maskrom Mode to Erase the Storage Device

• Start RKDevTool on your computer.
• Press and hold the “Mask” key, Use a USB cable, connect NanoPi-Zero2 to a PC，After the status LED has been on for at least 3 seconds, release the Mask key

• You will see Found One MASKROM Device displayed at the bottom of the RKDevTool interface, as shown below:

• Click the Advanced Function tab in the RKDevTool interface.
• In the Boot text box, select MiniLoaderAll.bin, then click the Download button.
• Select EMMC, click Switch Storage, then click the EraseAll button to erase the eMMC.

• At this point, NanoPi-Zero2 is restored to its initial state and can be normally booted via SD card or eMMC.

9.2 Linux Users

9.2.1 Download the Required Files

• Get the necessary tools: Visit here and find upgrade_tool_v2.30_for_linux.tgz in the 05_Tools directory and download it locally.
• Get the loader: Visit here, enter the tools directory corresponding to your CPU model, and download MiniLoaderAll.bin.

9.2.2 Installation for upgrade_tool

Using the following commands:

tar xzf upgrade_tool_v2.30_for_linux.tgz
cd upgrade_tool_v2.30_for_linux
sudo cp upgrade_tool /usr/local/sbin/
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/upgrade_tool

9.2.3 Enter Maskrom Mode to Erase the Storage Device

• Connect NanoPi-Zero2 to the computer using a USB data cable.
• Disconnect the power from NanoPi-Zero2, hold down the MASK button, connect the power, and release the button after 4 seconds.
• Check the connection with the following command:

upgrade_tool LD

A result similar to "DevNo=1 Vid=0x2207,Pid=0x350b,LocationID=13 Mode=Maskrom SerialNo=" indicates that the device has been detected.

• Erase the eMMC with the following command:

upgrade_tool EF MiniLoaderAll.bin

• At this point, NanoPi-Zero2 has been restored to its initial state and can boot the system normally via SD card or eMMC.

9.3 Mac Users

Our tests found that upgrade_tool_v2.25 does not work properly on macOS. Therefore, we recommend using Windows or Linux unless an updated version of upgrade_tool becomes available.

11 Schematic, PCB CAD File

• Schematic: TODO
• PCB CAD File：TODO

12 Update Log

12.1 2024-10-16

• KVM is enabled by default in the kernel
• Optimized standby power consumption
• Added Proxmox VE system
• Updated FriendlyWrt to version openwrt-23.05.05

12.2 2024-09-04

Initial Release