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1 Linux系统编译

1.1 各个OS对应的内核与u-boot版本

操作系统 内核版本 uboot版本 交叉编译器 分区类型 构建脚本 内核代码分支 内核配置 uboot代码分支 uboot配置
buildroot linux v4.19.y u-boot
v2017.09 		11.3-aarch64 GPT sd-fuse nanopi4-v4.19.y nanopi4_linux_defconfig nanopi5-v2017.09 rk3288_defconfig
buildroot linux v5.10.y u-boot
v2017.09 		11.3-aarch64 GPT sd-fuse nanopi5-v5.10.y_opt nanopi5_linux_defconfig nanopi5-v2017.09 rk3568_defconfig
friendlycore-focal-arm64
debian-bullseye-core-arm64
debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64
debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64
debian-buster-desktop-arm64
friendlywrt21 nanopi5_linux_defconfig
friendlywrt.config
friendlywrt21-docker
friendlywrt22
friendlywrt22-docker 
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
  • sd-fuse构建脚本可以用于快速编译kernel和uboot、重新打包sd卡固件与卡刷固件等

1.2 编译内核linux-v5.10.y

本节内容适用于如下OS:

buildroot friendlycore-focal-arm64 debian-bullseye-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64 debian-buster-desktop-arm64 friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt22 friendlywrt22-docker friendlycore-lite-focal-arm64

下载源代码并编译: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/kernel-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi5-v5.10.y_opt kernel-rockchip
cd kernel-rockchip
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
touch .scmversion
# 配置内核
# option1: 加载Linux系统配置
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi5_linux_defconfig
# option2: 加载FriendlyWrt系统配置
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi5_linux_defconfig friendlywrt.config
# 启动配置界面
# make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 menuconfig
# 编译内核
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 nanopi5-images -j$(nproc)
# 编译驱动模块
mkdir -p out-modules && rm -rf out-modules/*
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules -j$(nproc)
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_MOD_PATH="$PWD/out-modules" modules_install
KERNEL_VER=$(make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- ARCH=arm64 kernelrelease)
[ ! -f "$PWD/out-modules/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VER}/modules.dep" ] && depmod -b $PWD/out-modules -E Module.symvers -F System.map -w ${KERNEL_VER}
(cd $PWD/out-modules && find . -name \*.ko | xargs aarch64-linux-strip --strip-unneeded)

完成后会得到如下文件:

kernel.img resource.img boot.img (此img弃用) 驱动模块位于out-modules目录

安装内核:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.3 编译u-boot v2017.09

本节内容适用于如下OS:

buildroot friendlycore-focal-arm64 debian-bullseye-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64 debian-buster-desktop-arm64 friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt22 friendlywrt22-docker friendlycore-lite-focal-arm64

下载源代码并编译: 

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rkbin --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi5
git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot-rockchip --single-branch --depth 1 -b nanopi5-v2017.09
export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/11.3-aarch64/bin/:$PATH
cd uboot-rockchip/
./make.sh nanopi5

编译完成后会生成如下文件:

uboot.img rk356x_spl_loader_v1.15.112.bin (打包时改名为MiniLoaderAll.bin)

安装u-boot:
请参考 #下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.4 下载uboot与内核到目标板

1.4.1 下载至已安装的系统
1.4.1.1 GPT分区

本节内容适用于如下OS:

buildroot friendlycore-focal-arm64 debian-bullseye-core-arm64 debian-bullseye-desktop-arm64 debian-bullseye-minimal-arm64 debian-buster-desktop-arm64 friendlywrt21 friendlywrt21-docker friendlywrt22 friendlywrt22-docker friendlycore-lite-focal-arm64

dd image文件至相应的分区即可(注意image的大小不要越界)，在操作时需要注意存储设备的节点：

  • SD/TF Card设备节点为 /dev/mmcblk0
  • eMMC设备节点为 /dev/mmcblk2

下面将演示如何将内核更新到eMMC:
使用parted命令查看分区布局: 

parted /dev/mmcblk2 print

得到如下输出： 

Model: MMC A3A551 (sd/mmc)
Disk /dev/mmcblk2: 31.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
 
Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name      Flags
 1      8389kB  12.6MB  4194kB               uboot
 2      12.6MB  16.8MB  4194kB               misc
 3      16.8MB  21.0MB  4194kB               dtbo
 4      21.0MB  37.7MB  16.8MB               resource
 5      37.7MB  79.7MB  41.9MB               kernel
 6      79.7MB  113MB   33.6MB               boot
 7      113MB   147MB   33.6MB               recovery
 8      147MB   31.0GB  30.9GB  ext4         rootfs

resource分区的序号为4, kernel分区的序号为5，对应的设备节点为/dev/mmcblk2p4和/dev/mmcblk2p5, dd命令如下: 

dd if=resource.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p4 bs=1M
dd if=kernel.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p5 bs=1M

如果要更新uboot： 

dd if=boot.img of=/dev/mmcblk2p1 bs=1M

如果要更新内核驱动模块，将新驱动模块目录上传并替换以下目录下的文件即可：/lib/modules。

1.4.2 打包新的SD卡启动固件或者SD-to-eMMC卡刷固件

sd-fuse 提供一些工具和脚本, 用于制作SD卡固件, 具体用途如下:

  • 制作分区镜像文件, 例如将rootfs目录打包成rootfs.img
  • 将多个分区镜像文件打包成可直接写SD卡的单一镜像文件
  • 简化内核和uboot的编译, 一键编译内核、第三方驱动, 并更新rootfs.img中的内核模块

请根据所用的内核版本点击对应的链接了解详细的使用方法：

内核版本 构建脚本
linux v5.10.y
sd-fuse_rk3568
1.4.3 线刷
1.4.3.1 Linux系统

用upgrade_tool工具烧写uboot与内核, 命令如下所示： 

sudo upgrade_tool ul MiniLoaderAll.bin
sudo upgrade_tool di -p parameter.txt
sudo upgrade_tool di uboot uboot.img
sudo upgrade_tool di resource resource.img
sudo upgrade_tool di kernel kernel.img
sudo upgrade_tool RD

注：upgrade_tool是Rockchip提供的Linux下的命令行工具（Linux_Upgrade_Tool）

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