NanoPi

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

The NanoPi is a low power consumption, Samsung S3C2451 based ARM SOC that FriendlyARM developed for Linux hackers, Hobby makers and hobbyists. Its size is only half of the Raspberry Pi(RPi) and its GPIO pin is compatible with the RPi’s. The NanoPi integrates both the WiFi and Bluetooth 4.0,and has MiPi sockets for cameras and LCDs. It is easy to run and install Linux/Debian from a TF card. These features make it a good platform for applications in IOT, unmanned vehicles, drones and intelligent devices.

2 Hardware Features

• CPU: Samsung S3C2451, 400Mhz
• RAM: 64M DDR2
• Integrated SDIO WiFi and Bluetooth
• USB Type A x1
• Debugging Serial Port x1
• microSD Slot x1
• microUSB x1: for power and data transmission. It can be configured as a serial port or Ethernet
• LCD Interface: 0.5mm spacing FPC socket, full color LCD (RGB:8-8-8)
• DVP Camera interface：0.5mm spacing FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
• GPIO1: 2.54mm spacing 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
• GPIO2: 2.54mm spacing 12pin. It includes I2S, I2C, UART etc.
• PCB dimension: 75 x 30 mm
• Power: DC 5V
• Bootloader and OS: u-boot, Linux-4.1, Debian8 jessie, Rabbit linux

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi Layout

• GPIO1 Pin Spec

• GPIO2 Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	VDD_5V	2	VDD_SYS_3.3V
3	TXD2	4	RXD2
5	SDA0	6	SCL0
7	IISSDO0	8	IISSDI0
9	IISSCLK0	10	IISLRCK0
11	IISCDCLK0	12	DGND

• Debug Port CON1（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	DGND
2	VDD_5V
3	TXD0
4	RXD0

• DVP Camera IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name
1, 2	VDD_SYS_3.3V
7,9,13,15,24	DGND
3	SCL0
4	SDA0
5	GPH13
6	GPJ12
8	XCLK
10	NC
11	VSYNC
12	HREF
14	PCLK
16-23	Data bit7-0

• RGB LCD IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name
1, 2	VDD_5V
11，20，29	DGND
3-10	Blue LSB to MSB
12-19	Green LSB to MSB
21-28	Red LSB to MSB
30	GPG12
31	GPG2
32	XnRSTOUT Form CPU
33	VDEN
34	VSYNC
35	HSYNC
36	LCDCLK
37，38，39，40	XM，XP，YM，YP

Note:

1. VDD_SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
2. VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
3. 3. For more details please refer to the document：NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

3. For more details please refer to the document：NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Stuff You Need

Before play with your NanoPi please get the following items ready

• NanoPi
• microSD card/TF card: > 64M
• microUSB cable
• a Host running Ubuntu and connected to the internet

4.2 Make an Installation MicroSD Card

• 1) Insert your microSD card to your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions".

• 2) Flash Firmware to MicroSD Card

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi
su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

4.3 Run System

Insert this MicroSD card to your NanoPi, connect it to a PC via a MicroUSB cable the NanoPi will be automatically powered on. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is running now. By default we install Debian.

4.4 Log on NanoPi via MicroUSB

After connecting your NanoPi to you PC host (running Ubuntu) please type "dmesg" in your PC's command line. If you can find the following messages it means your NanoPi is correctly connected to your host and runs well:

[12601.100339] usb 2-1.7: Product: FriendlyARM Gadget v2.4
[12601.100343] usb 2-1.7: Manufacturer: Linux 4.1.2-FriendlyARM with s3c-hsudc
[12601.103192] cdc_acm 2-1.7:2.0: This device cannot do calls on its own. It is not a modem.
[12601.103368] cdc_acm 2-1.7:2.0: ttyACM0: USB ACM device
[12601.105300] cdc_ether 2-1.7:2.2 usb0: register 'cdc_ether' at usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.7, CDC Ethernet Device, 46:a1:e7:6d:5c:32

If you command "ifconfig" and find a "usb0" device you can SSH to 192.168.100.1 to log on your NanoPi:

ssh root@192.168.100.1

After it prompts you to input your password you can try "fa"

4.5 Setup Wi-Fi

After SSH to your NanoPi please check the WiFi interface first. The "wlan" device is WiFi.

ifconfig -a

By default the WiFi device is "wlan0". You need to create a configuration file under "/etc/network/interfaces.d/" for WiFi:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/wlan0

Here is a sample wlan0 file:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid YourWiFiESSID
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk YourWiFiPassword

Please replace "YourWiFiESSID" and "YourWiFiPassword" with your WiFiESSID and password. After save and close the file you can connect to your WiFi source by running the following command:

/etc/init.d/networking restart

After you power on your board it will automatically connect to your WiFi source.
Please note that if you use one TF card to boot multiple boards the WiFi device name will likely be named to "wlan1", "wlan2" and etc. You can reset it to "wlan0" by deleting the contents of the following file and reboot your board. /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules。

The steps above are for Debian. For Rabbit you can run the following commands:

wpa_passphrase YourWiFiESSID 'YourWiFiPassword' >> /etc/wpa.conf
wpa_cli -iwlan0 reconfigure

4.5.1 Scan Wireless AP

You can scan your surrounding wireless APs by running the following commands:

wpa_cli -iwlan0 scan
wpa_cli -iwlan0 scan_result

5 Make OS Image

5.1 Install Cross Compiler

Download and untar cross compiler file:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
tar xvzf prebuilts/gcc/arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tar.gz -C /

It will ease your future development work if you add compiler's path to "PATH". You can do it by first opening "~/.bashrc" and then appending the following lines:

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin/:$PATH

Run "~/.bashrc" to make your changes in effect right away:

. ~/.bashrc

5.2 Compile U-Boot

Download U-Boot source code and compile it. Please note it is in the branch "nanopi":

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi.git
cd uboot_nanopi
git checkout nanopi
make nanopi_config
make

After your compilation succeeds a u-boot.bin will be generated. If you want to test it please flash it to your MicroSD card by running the "fusing.sh" script.
If your SD card's device name is "/dev/sdd" please run the following command as "root":

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdd

Note: this operation will remove all the data in the SD card.

5.3 Compile Linux kernel

5.3.1 Compile Kernel

Please download kernel source code and compile it

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
cd linux-4.x.y
git checkout nanopi-v4.1.y
make nanopi_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make

The kernel that the NanoPi uses is "nanopi-v4.1.y". Please make sure you get the correct branch. After your compilation succeeds a new file "arch/arm/boot/zImage" will be generated

5.3.2 Compile Kernel Modules

In general kernel compilation generates kernel modules such as ipv6, netfilter and etc. If you want to add your own modules to the kernel or you changed your kernel configurations you need to recompile these new modules and pack them as a new "kernel-modules.tgz" to replace the corresponding file "basefs/kernel-modules.tgz" in "Rootfs"
please run the following commands as root to install ".ko" to /tmp/nanopi-modules:

make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/tmp/nanopi-modules modules_install

Please strip your kernel modules and create a new package

cd /tmp/nanopi-modules/lib/
find . -name \*.ko | xargs arm-linux-strip --strip-unneeded
tar czvf kernel-modules.tgz modules/

If you want to test your newly generated kernel modules you can copy them to your MicroSD card's "rootfs/lib": We assume your MicroSD card was already mounted to "/media/fa/NANOPI" please run the following commands as root:

rm -rf /media/fa/NANOPI/lib/modules/
tar xzvf kernel-modules.tgz -C /media/fa/NANOPI/lib/

5.4 Make File System

You can download and make your file system by running the following commands. Please note that when you generate your file system you need to run these commands as root.:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/rootfs_nanopi.git
cd rootfs_nanopi
git checkout nanopi
su
make && make install && make strip

If your compilation succeeds you shall see the following messages:

RootFS (core) successfully installed to:
   /tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi/rootfs
 
Copyright 2015 FriendlyARM (http://www.arm9.net/)

These messages indicates that your newly generated file system is located at "/tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi/rootfs". Now we shall make it a package by running the following commands:

cd /tmp/FriendlyARM/nanopi
tar czvf rootfs.tgz rootfs/

5.5 Make an Installation MicroSD Card with Your Own Files

5.5.1 Make Your Own System

Please download the SD card fuse utility and switch to the correct "master" branch:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi
git checkout master

Under "sd-fuse_nanopi" there is a "prebuilt" which contains the files that a system needs:
Bootloader: u-boot.bin
Kernel Command Parameters: sdenv.raw
Linux Kernel: zImage
File System Package: rootfs.tgz

You can replace one or multiple of these files with the ones you generated on your own in the previous steps and then run the following command to flash them to your MicroSD card. Please note that you need to run these commands under the "sd-fuse_nanopi" directory.

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: please replace /dev/sdx with your SD card's device name)

After it is done you can play with your new OS with this card.

5.5.2 Change U-Boot Environment Variables

After you boot your NanoPi with your SD card and if you have made some changes to the U-Boot environment variables such as bootargs you can save these changes and make a new "sdenv.raw" by running the following commands:

./readenv.sh /dev/sdd
cp sdenv.raw prebuilt/

5.5.3 Comments on SD Card's "RAW" File

There is a known issue with the S3C2451: when iROM boots with SDHC card, calculated card size is smaller than original card size, exactly 1024 blocks so SDHC card has additional reserved blocks(512Kbyte). The S3C2451's iROM reads a bootloader from the end of an SD card. The results in an issue that when the iROM reads a regular SD card and an SDHC card of the same size it will get different positions. In addition different SD cards have different sizes. Therefore it is impossible to create a universal RAW file for all SD cards.
If you have multiple SD cards of the same size and one of them is flashed with a complete system you can use "dd" under Linux to read its data and save it as a RAW file and then dump it to all the other SD cards.
For an SD card whose size is greater than 8 GB it takes much longer time to write a RAW file to it. On general our rootfs is only about 23 MB it will be much faster to run a script file making an SD card.

8 Resources

• [Schematic]( NanoPi-1507-Schematic.pdf)
• [Dimensions]( NanoPi-1507-Dimesions(dxf).zip )
• [S3C2451 Datasheet](S3C2451_UM_REV1.1.pdf)
• [RT8059 Datasheet]( RT8059.pdf)
• [XC6209 Datasheet]( XC6209.pdf)
• [DDR2 RAM Datasheet]( K4T51163QI_rev1.1.pdf)
• [AP6210 Datasheet]( AP6210_V1.2_12262012.pdf)