Difference between revisions of "NanoPi M2"

Revision as of 13:55, 27 March 2016

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1 Introduction

Overview

Front

Back

frameless

• The NanoPi M2 is another Samsung 4418 based ARM board released by FriendlyARM after the NanoPi 2 and NanoPi 2 Fire. It is only two thirds the size of the Raspberry Pi. It is open source. It works with Ubuntu Core, Ubuntu Mate, Debian, Android 5.1 and etc.
• Compared to the Raspberry Pi 2 the NanoPi M2 uses the Samsung Cortex-A9 S5P4418 Soc. It integrates Gbps Ethernet, AXP228 PMU which supports software power-on/off and wake up functions. It can be powered via the MicroUSB port
• In such a small board it still integrates rich interfaces and ports. Besides the popular HDMI, 3.5mm audio jack, onboard microphone, four USB hosts and Gbit Ethernet it has a Raspberry Pi compatible 40 pin GPIO pin header and various video interfaces such as a DVP camera interface, an LCD interface which supports I2C capacitive LCD and etc. In addition, for user’s convenience it has a serial debug port for debugging and development.

2 Features

• CPU: S5P4418, 400Mhz~1.4GHz
• PMU Power Management Unit: AXP228, support software power-off, sleep and wakeup functions
• DDR3 RAM: 32bit 1GB DDR3
• MicroSD Slot x1
• Connectivity: Gbps Ethernet port(RTL8211E)
• Audio: 3.5mm audio jack/Via HDMI
• Microphone: 1 x onboard Microphone
• USB Host: 4 x USB 2.0 Host, two are standard type A ports and the other two are 2.54mm pitch pin headers
• Micro USB: 1 x USB 2.0 Client
• LCD Interface: 0.5 mm pitch SMT FPC seat, for full-color LCD (RGB: 8-8-8)
• HDMI: HDMI 1.4A, Type-A, 1080P60
• DVP Camera Interface: 0.5mm pitch FPC socket. It includes ITU-R BT 601/656 8-bit, I2C and IO
• GPIO1: 2.54mm pitch 40pin, compatible with Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, PWM, IO etc
• Debug Serial Port: 4Pin 2.54mm pitch pin header
• User Key: 1 x Power , 1 x Reset
• LED: 1 x Power LED, 1 x System LED
• RTC: RTC Pins
• Power: DC 5V/2A
• PCB Dimension(mm): 64 x 56, Six Layer
• OS/Software: u-boot, Android5.1, Debian Jessie 8

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi M2 Interfaces and Ports

NanoPi M201 Interfaces and Ports

• GPIO1 Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Pin#	Name
1	SYS_3.3V	2	VDD_5V
3	I2C0_SDA	4	VDD_5V
5	I2C0_SCL	6	DGND
7	GPIOD8/PPM	8	UART3_TXD/GPIOD21
9	DGND	10	UART3_RXD/GPIOD17
11	UART4_TX/GPIOB29	12	GPIOD1/PWM0
13	GPIOB30	14	DGND
15	GPIOB31	16	GPIOC14/PWM2
17	SYS_3.3V	18	GPIOB27
19	SPI0_MOSI/GPIOC31	20	DGND
21	SPI0_MISO/GPIOD0	22	UART4_RX/GPIOB28
23	SPI0_CLK/GPIOC29	24	SPI0_CS/GPIOC30
25	DGND	26	GPIOB26
27	I2C1_SDA	28	I2C1_SCL
29	GPIOC8	30	DGND
31	GPIOC7	32	GPIOC28
33	GPIOC13/PWM1	34	DGND
35	SPI2_MISO/GPIOC11	36	SPI2_CS/GPIOC10
37	AliveGPIO3	38	SPI2_MOSI/GPIOC12
39	DGND	40	SPI2_CLK/GPIOC9

This GPIO pin spec is a little bit different from that of the NanoPi 2. Here is a comparison table of the two:40 pins GPIO comparison table

• Debug Port（UART0）

Pin#	Name
1	DGND
2	VDD_5V
3	UART_TXD0
4	UART_RXD0

• DVP Camera IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name
1, 2	SYS_3.3V
7,9,13,15,24	DGND
3	I2C0_SCL
4	I2C0_SDA
5	GPIOB14
6	GPIOB16
8,10	NC
11	VSYNC
12	HREF
14	PCLK
16-23	Data bit7-0

• RGB LCD IF Pin Spec

Pin#	Name	Description
1, 2	VDD_5V	5V Output, it can be used to power LCD modules
11，20，29, 37，38，39，40, 45	DGND	Gound
3-10	Blue LSB to MSB	RGB blue
12-19	Green LSB to MSB	RGB green
21-28	Red LSB to MSB	RGB red
30	GPIOB25	available for users
31	GPIOC15	occupied by FriendlyARM one wire technology to recognize LCD models and control backlight and implement resistive touch, not applicable for users
32	XnRSTOUT Form CPU	low when system is reset
33	VDEN	signal the external LCD that data is valid on the data bus
34	VSYNC	vertical synchronization
35	HSYNC	horizontal synchronization
36	LCDCLK	LCD clock, Pixel frequency
41	I2C2_SCL	I2C2 clock signal, for capacitive touch data transmission
42	I2C2_SDA	I2C2 data signal, for capacitive touch data transmission
43	GPIOC16	interrupt pin for capacitive touch, used with I2C2
44	NC	not connected

Note

1. SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
2. VVDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s power is greater than the MicroUSB’s the external device is charging the board otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
3. All pins are 3.3V, output current is 5mA
4. GPIO1's pin spec is a little bit different from that of the NanoPi 2. Refer to this comparison table 40 pins GPIO comparison table
5. For more details refer to the document: NanoPi-M2-1602-Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

For more details refer to the document: NanoPi-M2-1602-Dimensions(dxf).zip

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi M2 get the following items ready

• NanoPi M2
• microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
• microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
• HDMI monitor or LCD
• USB keyboard and mouse
• A Host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your NanoPi M2 boot and run fast we highly recommand you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

• SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:

• SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

• 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

4.3 Make an Installation MicroSD Card

4.3.1 Under Windows

Get the following files from here:[http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/nanopi2/download/ to download image files.

For LCD or HDMI output use the following files:
nanopi2-debian-sd4g.img.zip	Debian image files (there are two Debian files)
nanopi2-android-sd4g.img.zip	Android image files
Flash Utility:
win32diskimager.rar	Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"

• Uncompress these files. Insert an SD card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your SD card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card.
• Insert this card into your NanoPi M2 and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your NanoPi M2 has successfully booted.
  

4.3.2 Under Linux Desktop

• 1) Insert your microSD card into your host running Ubuntu and check your SD card's device name

dmesg | tail

Search the messages output by "dmesg" for similar words like "sdc: sdc1 sdc2". If you can find them it means your SD card is recognized as "/dev/sdc". Or you can check that by commanding "cat /proc/partitions"

• 2) Download Flashing Script

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/sd-fuse_nanopi2.git
cd sd-fuse_nanopi2

• 3) Flash Android Firmware to MicroSD Card

su
./fusing.sh /dev/sdx

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)
When you do “git clone” you have to hit “Y” within 10 seconds after it prompts you to download image files otherwise you will miss the download.

• 4) Flash Debian Firmware to MicroSD Card

./fusing.sh /dev/sdx debian

4.3.3 Extend NanoPi 2's TF Card Section

4.3.3.1 For Debian

• Run the following commands on a PC host's terminal:

sudo umount /dev/sdx? 
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 2 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx2

4.3.3.2 For Android

• Run the following commands on a PC host's terminal:

sudo umount /dev/sdx?
sudo parted /dev/sdx unit % resizepart 4 100 resizepart 7 100 unit MB print
sudo resize2fs -f /dev/sdx7

(Note: you need to replace "/dev/sdx" with the device name in your system)

4.3.4 LCD/HDMI Resolution

When the system boots our uboot will check whether it is connected to an LCD or to an HDMI monitor. If it recognizes an LCD it will configure its resolution. Our uboot defaults to the HDMI 720P configuration.
If you want to modify the LCD resolution you can modify file "arch/arm/plat-s5p4418/nanopi2/lcds.c" in the kernel and recompile it.
If your NanoPi M2 connects an HDMI monitor and it runs Android it will automatically set the resolution to an appropriate HDMI mode by checking the "EDID". If your NanoPi M2 connects an HDMI monitor and it runs Debian by default it will set the resolution to HDMI 720P. If you want to modify the resolution to 1080P modify your kernel's configuration as explained above.

4.4 Update Image Files in MicroSD Card From PC Host

If you want to make some changes to the image files in your MicroSD card follow steps below otherwise you can skip this section.
Insert your MicroSD card into a PC host running Linux, mount the boot and rootfs sections of the SD card and follow the steps below:
1) If you want to change your kernel command line parameters you can do it via the fw_setevn utility under "sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools".
Check the current Command Line:

cd sd-fuse_nanopi2/tools
./fw_printenv /dev/sdc | grep bootargs

Android 5.1.1_r6 starts SELinux. By default it is enforcing. You can change it this way:

./fw_setenv /dev/sdc bootargs XXX androidboot.selinux=permissive

This sets it to "permissive". The "XXX" stands for the original bootargs' value.

2) Update Kernel
Our customized uboot will check the LCD type when it boots.
For a non-Android OS If it recognizes an LCD connected to the NanoPi M2 it will load "uImage" from "boot" otherwise it will load "uImage.hdmi".
For Android it doesn't make any difference which display device is detected. You can use your generated uImage to replace the existing one under "boot".
For Debian if your generated kernel is for an LCD you need to replace the existing uImage or if your kernel is for HDMI you need to replace the existing uImage.hdmi.

4.5 Run Android or Debian

• Insert a MicroSD card with Android/Debian image files into your NanoPi M2, connect the NanoPi M2 to an HDMI monitor and a 5V/2A power source the NanoPi M2 will be automatically powered up. If you can see the blue LED flashing it means your board is working and you will see Android/Debain loading on the HDMI monitor.
  

1）If you connect the NanoPi M2 to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and a USB keyboard to operate. If you connect it to an LCD with capacitive touch you can operate directly on the LCD.
2）If you want to do kernel development you'd better have a serial comms board which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.

• Here is a setup where we connect a NanoPi M2 to a PC running Ubuntu and Minicom via a serial cable you will see system messages output to the PC’s minicom terminal:

• Under Debian the password for "root" is "fa".

4.6 Login Debian via VNC or SSH

If your NanoPi M2 is not connected to a display device you can download and install a "VNC Viewer" on your PC or a mobile phone and login to the NanoPi M2 via VNC. Its default password is "fa123456".
Here is a screenshot which shows how it looks like when users login the NanoPi M2 from an iPhone via VNC:

You can login via "SSH -l root 192.168.8.1" too and the default password for "root" is "fa"

5 Working with Debian

5.1 Ethernet Connection

If the NanoPi M2 is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP after it has powered up. If it is not connected via Ethernet or its DHCP is not activated obtaining an IP will fail and system will hang on for about 15 to 60 seconds

• 1) Setup MAC Address

The NanoPi M2 by default doesn't have a valid MAC address. If the board connects a network successfully it will automatically generates a random MAC in "/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0". Users can change it to a self-defined valid one:

vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0

Here is the content of a sample configuration file:

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
hwaddress 76:92:d4:85:f3:0f

The "hwaddress" specifies the MAC address. Here the "76:92:d4:85:f3:0f" is a random MAC. We suggest users change it to a valid one.
Note: when you reset the MAC please make sure your MAC meets IEEE's definition otherwise it will cause unexpected issues. After you make your change, save, exit and reboot your board or run the following commands to restart the network:

systemctl restart networking

5.2 Install Debian Packages

We provide a Debian Jessie image. You can install Jessie's packages by commanding "apt-get". If this is your first installation you need to update the package list by running the following command:

apt-get update

You can install your preferred packages. For example if you want to install an FTP server you can do this:

apt-get install vsftpd

Note: you can change your download server by editting "/etc/apt/sources.list". You can get a complete server list from [1]. You need to select the one with "armhf".

6 Make Your Own OS Image

6.1 Setup Development Environment

Install Cross Compiler:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/prebuilts.git
sudo mkdir -p /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain
sudo tar xf prebuilts/gcc-x64/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf-4.9.3.tar.xz -C /opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/

Then add the compiler's directory to "PATH" by appending the following lines in "~/.bashrc":

export PATH=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export GCC_COLORS=auto

Execute "~/.bashrc" to make the changes into effect. Please note that there is a space after ".":

. ~/.bashrc

This compiler is a 64-bit one therefore it cannot be run on a 32-bit Linux. After the compiler is installed you can verify it by running the following commands:

arm-linux-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/libexec/gcc/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/4.9.3/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /work/toolchain/build/src/gcc-4.9.3/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3
--with-sysroot=/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.9.3/arm-cortexa9-linux-gnueabihf/sys-root --enable-languages=c,c++
--with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-fpu=vfpv3 --with-float=hard
...
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)

6.2 Compile U-Boot

Download the U-Boot source code and compile it. Note that the github's branch is nanopi2-lollipop-mr1:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/uboot_nanopi2.git
cd uboot_nanopi2
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
make s5p4418_nanopi2_config
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-

After your compilation succeeds a u-boot.bin will be generated. If you want to test it flash it to your installation MicroSD card via fastboot. Here is how you can do it:
1) On your PC host run "sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot" to install the fastboot utility;
2) Connect your NanoPi M2 to your PC host via a serial cable (e.g. PSU-ONECOME). Press the enter key within two seconds right after you power on your NanoPi M2 and you will enter uboot's command line mode;
3) After type in "fastboot" and press "enter" you will enter the fastboot mode;
4) Connect your NanoPi M2 to this PC host via a microUSB cable and type the following command to flash the u-boot.bin:

fastboot flash bootloader u-boot.bin

Warning: you cannot update this MicroSD card by commanding "dd". This command will cause trouble when booting the NanoPi M2.

6.3 Prepare mkimage

You need the mkimage utility to compile a U-Boot source code package. Make sure this utility works well on your host before you start compiling a uImage.
You can install this utility by either commanding "sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools" or following the commands below:

cd uboot_nanopi2
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- tools
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin && sudo cp -v tools/mkimage /usr/local/sbin

6.4 Compile Linux kernel

6.4.1 Compile Kernel

• Download Kernel Source Code

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git
cd linux-3.4.y
git checkout nanopi2-lollipop-mr1

The NanoPi M2's kernel source code lies in the "nanopi2-lollipop-mr1" branch.

• Compile Android Kernel

make nanopi2_android_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

• Compile Debian Kernel

make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
touch .scmversion
make uImage

After your compilation succeeds a uImage will be generated in the "arch/arm/boot/uImage" directory. This kernel is for HDMI 720P. You can use it to replace the existing uImage.hdmi
If you want to generate a kernel for HDMI 1080P you can do it this way:

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [ ] LCD
        [*] HDMI
        (0)   Display In  [0=Display 0, 1=Display 1]
              Resolution (1920 * 1080p)  --->
make uImage

After your compilation succeeds a uImage will be generated for HDMI 1080P. You can use it to replace the existing uImage.
If you want to generate a kernel for LCD you can do it this way:

touch .scmversion
make nanopi2_linux_defconfig
make menuconfig
  Device Drivers -->
    Graphics support -->
      Nexell Graphics -->
        [*] LCD
        [ ] HDMI
make uImage

After your compilation succeeds a uImage will be generated for LCD. You can use it to replace the existing uImage.

6.4.2 Compile Kernel Modules

Android contains kernel modules which are in the "/lib/modules" directory in the system section. If you want to add your own modules to the kernel or you changed your kernel configurations you need to recompile these new modules.
Compile Original Kernel Modules:

cd linux-3.4.y
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- modules

Here we have two new modules and we can compile them by following the commands below:

cd /opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android
./vendor/friendly-arm/build/common/build-modules.sh

The "/opt/FriendlyARM/s5p4418/android" directory points to the top directory of Android source code. You can get more details by specifying option "-h".
After your compilation succeeds new modules will be generated

6.5 Compile Android

• Install Cross Compiler

Installing 64 bit Ubuntu 14.04 on your PC host.

sudo apt-get install bison g++-multilib git gperf libxml2-utils make python-networkx zip
sudo apt-get install flex libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk minicom

For more details refer to https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html 。

• Download Source Code

You need to use repo to get the Android source code. Refer to https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html 。

mkdir android && cd android
repo init -u https://github.com/friendlyarm/android_manifest.git -b nanopi2-lollipop-mr1
repo sync

The "android" directory is the working directory.

• Compile System Package

source build/envsetup.sh
lunch aosp_nanopi2-userdebug
make -j8

After your compilation succeeds an image will be generated in the "out/target/product/nanopi2/" directory.

7 Connect NanoPi M2 to External Modules

7.1 Connect NanoPi M2 to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

• In this use case the NanoPi M2 runs Debian. If you connect your NanoPi M2 to our LCD or an HDMI monitor after Debain is fully loaded click on "other"-->"xawtv9" on the left bottom of the GUI and the USB Camera application will be started. After enter "welcome to xawtv！" click on "OK" to start exploring.

7.2 Connect NanoPi M2 to CMOS 5M-Pixel Camera

• In this use case the NanoPi M2 runs Android5.1. If you connect your NanoPi M2 to our LCD or an HDMI monitor after Debain is fully loaded click on the "Camera" icon and the application will be started.

7.3 Use OpenCV to Access USB Camera

• The full name of "OpenCV" is Open Source Computer Vision Library and it is a cross platform vision library.
• When the NanoPi M2 runs Debian users can use OpenCV APIs to access a USB Camera device.
  

1. Here is a guideline on how to use OpenCV with C++ on the NanoPi M2:

• Firstly you need to make sure your NanoPi M2 is connected to the internet.Login to your NanoPi M2 via a serial terminal or SSH. After login please type your username(root) and password(fa):
• Run the following commands:

apt-get update
apt-get install libcv-dev libopencv-dev

2. Make sure your USB camera works with the NanoPi M2. You can test your camera with NanoPi M2's camera utility.
3. Check your camera device:

ls /dev/video*

• Note:in our case "video9" was the camera's device name.(video0 ~ 8 were all occupied by other devices)

4. OpenCV's code sample（Official Code Sample in C++) under /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo. You can compile it by running the following command:

cd /home/fa/Documents/opencv-demo
make

If it is compiled successfully a demo executable will be generated
5. Note: the NanoPi M2 has nine video devices. However this OpenCV's code sample defines a maximum of 8 cameras can be accessed therefore one video needs to be removed. Here we removed video0:

rm /dev/video0
mv /dev/video9 /dev/video0

6. Connect NanoPi M2 to a USB Keyboard & Run the Following Command:

./demo

7.4 Connect NanoPi M2 to USB WiFi

• Click on here to enter the kernel compilation [1]

8 More OS Support

8.1 Ubuntu-Core

Ubuntu-Core is a basic verson which has support for Ethernet and SSH.
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it.

• Please go to this link download link to download the image files
• Please uncompress it and flash the image file to a TF card with win32diskimager under Windows
• After it is done you can boot your NanoPi M2 with this card
• Login name: "root" or "fa", Password: fa

8.2 Ubuntu-Mate

Ubuntu-Mate is a Ubuntu variant and its GUI is Mate-desktop. You can log in via SSH when you connect a NanoPi M2 to an LCD or HDMI
FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it

• Please go to this link download link to download the image files
• Please uncompress it and flash the image file to a TF card with win32diskimager under Windows
• After it is done you can boot your NanoPi M2 with this card
• Login name: "root" or "fa", Password: fa

8.3 Kali

• Please go to this link [2] to download the image files;
• Please prepare an 8G High Speed MicroSD card, insert it to a Linux host and do "sudo fdisk -l" to check its device name, i.e. "/dev/sd*".
• Please copy the image files to the card by running the following commands as root:

xzcat kali-2.0-nanopi2.img.xz | dd of=<YOURDEVICE> bs=1m

• After it is done you can boot your NanoPi M2 with this card.

Note: this is offered by Kali and FriendlyARM doesn't provide technical support for it.

9 Source Code and Image Files Download Links

• Images File: [3]
• Source Code: [4]

10 3D Housing Printing Files

• NanoPi M2 3D Housing Printing Files: [5]

11 Resources

• Schematic (NanoPi-M2-1602-Schematic.pdf)
• Dimensional Diagram (NanoPi-M2-1602-Dimensions(dxf).zip)
• S5P4418 Datasheet (S5P4418_Datasheet_0.1.pdf)

12 Update Log

12.1 March-01-2016

• Released English Version

12.2 March-03-2016

• Modified section 2

12.3 March-04-2016

• added section 10

12.4 March-07-2016

• rewrote section 1

12.5 March-17-2016

• Updated Kali and Ubuntu-Mate download links

12.6 March-18-2016

• Modified section 4.3.1