Difference between revisions of "Getting Started with OpenMediaVault"

Revision as of 11:07, 26 September 2023

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1 OpenMediaVault version

• OS: Debian 11
  
• OpenMediaVault: 6.9.0-1 (Shaitan)
  
• Docker: 24.0.6
  
• Others: built-in OMV-Extras and openmediavault-compose
  

2 First Look

3 Supported platforms

• RK3328
  
• RK3399
  
• RK3568
  
• RK3588
  

4 Find IP Address

Since the hostname is set by default to the model of the development board, you can use the "ping" command to obtain the IP address. For example, for NanoPi-R2C, you can use the following command:

ping NanoPi-R2C

5 Access the OpenMediaVault web page

Enter the IP address of the development board in your web browser; the default login account for the web interface is:

Username: admin
Password: openmediavault

6 Change the web login password

Click on the profile picture in the upper-right corner of the web page, then select "Change Password"

7 Configure the web page timeout duration

Navigate to "System" -> "Workbench" and adjust the "Auto Logout" time setting.

8 Logging in via SSH

ssh pi@YourIPAddress

The default password is "pi".

9 Create the root user

Create the root user and add user to the root and ssh groups:

sudo passwd root
sudo gpasswd -a root root
sudo gpasswd -a root ssh

You can now use the root user to log in via SSH:

ssh root@IPAddress

10 Configure the hard drive and shared folders

(Note: If the hard drive has already been initialized and RAID has been preserved, you can proceed directly to step four for mounting.)

10.1 Step One: Initialize the storage device (Optional)

Navigate to "Storage" -> "Disks," select your storage device, and click the "Wipe" icon to perform disk erasure (please ensure your data is backed up). Typically, you can choose "Quick" erase.

10.2 Step Two: Create RAID (Optional)

(Note: USB interface hard drives are not supported, and OpenMediaVault will not list USB storage devices on the RAID creation page.)
Go to "Storage" -> "Software RAID" click the "+" icon, choose the RAID level, and apply the settings.

10.3 Step Three: Create File System (Optional)

Go to "Storage" -> "File Systems," click on the "+" icon, and for the type, it's recommended to choose "BTRFS." Select "Single" and check the storage device. If you created a RAID in the previous step, choose a device starting with /dev/md. If it's a USB hard drive, choose /dev/sda.

10.4 Step Four: Mount the File System

Go to "Storage" -> "File Systems," click the ">" icon for mounting existing file systems, and choose the device you want to mount.

10.5 Step Five: Add Shared Folders

Go to "Storage" -> "Shared Folders," click the "+" icon to create two folders named "nfs" and "samba." We will use these folders for testing NFS and Samba sharing in the following steps.
(Note: If there were previously created shared folders on the hard drive, you can recreate them with the same names, and the data will be preserved.)

11 Create NAS users

Debian system users or Linux users created via the command line may lack certain permissions required for services like Samba and NFS. Therefore, it is recommended to use the OpenMediaVault interface to create a user specifically for accessing Samba and NFS shares. Here, I will create a user and group named "nasuser":

Click on "Users" -> "Groups" and then click the "+" icon to create a user group named "nasuser".
Click on "Users" -> "Users" then click the "+" icon to create a user named "nasuser", change user's shell to "/usr/sbin/nologin", and select the "nasuser" and "users" groups.

12 Create a Samba share

Go to "Services" -> "SMB/CIFS" -> "Settings," check the box at the top for "Enabled," select "SMB1" as the minimum protocol version, and then click "Save"

Go to "Services" -> "SMB/CIFS" -> "Shares," click the "+" button, and in the "Shared folder" field, select the folder you want to share. as an example, here i select the "samba" folder

Testing:
On Mac system, right-click Finder, select "Connect to Server," and enter "smb://YourIPAddress" (replace with the actual IP address). A authentication dialog will appear; enter the username "nasuser" and the password to access the share.

13 Create an NFS share

Go to "Services" -> "NFS" -> "Settings" check the box at the top for "Enabled", and in the "Versions" section, select all versions, including "NFSv2", then click "Save" and apply the settings.

Go to "Services" -> "NFS" -> "Shares," click the "+" button, and in the "Shared folder" field, select the folder you want to share. here i select the "nfs" folder. In the "Client" section, enter the IP range or specific IPs that are allowed to access the share (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24). Set the permissions to "Read/Write", in the "Extra Options" field, Input:

rw,async,insecure,no_subtree_check,all_squash,anonuid=0,anongid=0

Then click "Save" and apply the settings.

13.1 Testing NFS mounting on a Mac

Viewing OpenMediaVault's NFS Share Information via Command Line

# showmount -e YourIPAddress
Exports list on YourIPAddress:
/export                             192.168.1.0/24
/export/nfs                         192.168.1.0/24

Right-click Finder on your Mac, select "Connect to Server," and in the address bar, input:

nfs://YourIPAddress/export/nfs

13.2 Testing NFS mounting on Linux

Installing the NFS client

sudo apt install nfs-common

Start to mount:

sudo mount -t nfs YourIPAddress:/export/nfs /mnt/nfs

Checking the Status

# df -h | grep nfs
YourIPAddress:/export/nfs  7.3G  3.5M  6.8G    1% /mnt/nfs

To set up automatic mounting at boot time, add the following line to the /etc/fstab file:

YourIPAddress:/export/nfs /mnt/nfs nfs defaults 0 0

14 Transferring Docker Data to a Hard Drive

Access "Storage" -> "Shared Folders," and click the "+" icon to create three folders, namely:

docker            -> The Docker data directory, defined in /etc/docker/daemon.json
docker-compose    -> Location of compose files
docker-data       -> Location of persistent container data
docker-app        -> For personal use, storing Dockerfiles and data

Access "Services" -> "Compose" enter the "Settings" interface, and configure the "Shared folder" for "Compose Files" and "Data"，

Access the SSH terminal and execute the following command to move Docker data to the shared folder, where "/srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-XXYYZZ/docker" represents the absolute path of the shared folder, which can be obtained from the "Storage" -> "Shared Folders" list on the web interface：

su root
systemctl stop docker.socket docker.service
mv /var/lib/docker/* /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-XXYYZZ/docker/

On the web interface, set the "Docker storage" to the absolute path of the "docker" shared folder. save the settings and apply, and then reboot the system.

15 Install Nextcloud with Docker

Run the following command in the terminal:

su root
cd $(readlink -f /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-*/docker-app)
mkdir nextcloud
cd nextcloud
mkdir data
 
docker run -d -p 8888:80  --name nextcloud \
    -v $PWD/data:/var/www/html --restart=always \
    --privileged=true  arm64v8/nextcloud

you can access the Nextcloud web interface by opening a web browser and navigating to http://YourIPAddress:8888/ (replace YourIPAddress with the actual IP address of your device).

16 Install Filebrowser with Docker

Run the following command in the terminal:

su root
cd $(readlink -f /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-*/docker-app)
mkdir filebrowser
cd filebrowser
 
docker run -d -v $(readlink -f /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-*):/srv \
    -v $PWD/filebrowserconfig.json:/etc/config.json \
    -v $PWD/database.db:/etc/database.db -p 8080:80 \
    --restart=always --name filebrowser \
    filebrowser/filebrowser

After completing the setup, you can access the Filebrowser web interface by opening a web browser and navigating to http://YourIPAddress:8080/ (replace YourIPAddress with the actual IP address of your device). The default username and password for Filebrowser are both "admin".

17 Install Jellyfin with Docker

Access "Storage" -> "Shared Folders," click the "+" icon to create a "media" folder for storing multimedia resources. Then, in the command-line terminal, you can run the following command to install Jellyfin:

su root
cd $(readlink -f /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-*/docker-app)
mkdir jellyfin
cd jellyfin
mkdir config cache
 
docker run -d --name jellyfin \
-v $PWD/config:/config \
-v $PWD/cache:/cache \
-v $(readlink -f /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-*/media):/media \
-p 8096:8096 \
--restart=always \
jellyfin/jellyfin

After completing the setup, you can access the Jellyfin web interface by opening a web browser and navigating to http://YourIPAddress:8096/ (replace YourIPAddress with the actual IP address of your device). This will allow you to access and manage your media content using Jellyfin.

18 Install Portainer with Docker

Run the following command in the terminal:

su root
cd $(readlink -f /srv/dev-disk-by-uuid-*/docker-app)
mkdir portainer
cd portainer
mkdir data
 
docker run -d \
  --name portainer \
  --restart=always \
  -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
  -p 8000:8000 \
  -p 9000:9000 \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  -v $PWD/data:/data \
  portainer/portainer-ce:latest

After completing the setup, you can access the Portainer web interface by opening a web browser and navigating to http://YourIPAddress:9000/ (replace YourIPAddress with the actual IP address of your device). The default administrator account username and password are both "admin".