View source for Template:RK3399-Lubuntu-Using-NVME-SSD

===Connect NVME SSD High Speed Hard Disk to T4===
Connect a NVME SSD hard disk to NanoPC-T4's M.2 interface, initialize and automatically mount the SSD by running the following commands. Before proceed turn off your T4 and connect an SSD to your T4. Power on your T4 and open a command line utility(go to top left of the GUI and enter System Tools -> LXTerminal) or SSH to your T4.<br /><br />
We suggest you switch to "root" by running the following command:<br />
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
su -
</syntaxhighlight>
The password for "root" is "fa".

====Detection of SSD====
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
root@FriendlyELEC:~# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name
   1        0       4096 ram0
 259        0  125034840 nvme0n1
</syntaxhighlight>
If there is a nvme0n1 device node it means an SSD is recognized by T4.

====Partition of SSD====
To mount an SSD under Linux we re-partition it as one section by running the following command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
(echo o; echo n; echo p; echo 1; echo ""; echo ""; echo w; echo q) | fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
</syntaxhighlight>
If you want to re-partition it to multiple sections you can run "fdisk /dev/nvme0n1". For more detail about this command refer to the fdisk's manual.

====Format Section to EXT4====
After an SSD is successfully partitioned you can check its sections by running "cat /proc/partitions". The image provided treats a PCIe nvme device's sections as an eMMC's sections you will find that an SSD has some small sections.<br /><br />
We can check the "blocks" column and the biggest section is available for users. The /dev/nvme0n1p7 section is used to store data:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
root@FriendlyELEC:~# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name
   1        0       4096 ram0
 259        0  125034840 nvme0n1
 259        1       4096 nvme0n1p1
 259        2       4096 nvme0n1p2
 259        3       4096 nvme0n1p3
 259        4      12288 nvme0n1p4
 259        5      32768 nvme0n1p5
 259        6      32768 nvme0n1p6
 259        7  124932440 nvme0n1p7
</syntaxhighlight>
<br />
The following command formats a section to ext4:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p7
</syntaxhighlight>

====Auto Mount SSD on System Startup====
Before we mount an SSD's section you need to know its Block ID. You can check it by running "blkid": 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
blkid /dev/nvme0n1p7
/dev/nvme0n1p7: UUID="13fb682e-ef40-4c71-b98b-3d17403e1205" TYPE=“ext4"
</syntaxhighlight>
Add a "Block ID" to "/etc/fstab" and here is what it looks like<br />
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
UUID=<Block ID> /media/nvme ext4 defaults 0 0
</syntaxhighlight>
You need to replace <Block ID> with the UUID obtained by running "blkid". To mount the SSD in our example we made the "/etc/fstab" file as follows:<br />
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
UUID=13fb682e-ef40-4c71-b98b-3d17403e1205 /media/nvme ext4 defaults 0 0
</syntaxhighlight>

We want to mount an SSD to "/media/nvme" but this directory doesn't exist. Therefore we create it and change its access right by running the following commands:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
mkdir /media/nvme
chmod 777 /media/nvme
</syntaxhighlight>

Run "mount" to check if the SSD is mounted successfully:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
mount /media/nvme
</syntaxhighlight>

You can reboot your T4 to check if your SSD will be automatically mounted:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
poweroff
</syntaxhighlight>
Reboot your T4, if you can see the following screen your SSD is mounted successfully:<br />
[[File:Nanopct4-lubuntu-ssd.png|300px]]<br />

====SSD Read & Write====
You can test SSD read and write speed. In our test we used a LITEON T10 120GB SSD. Different SSDs may have different results.<br /><br />
Write to SSD: <br />
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/nvme/deleteme.dat bs=32M count=128
128+0 records in
128+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 12.5671 s, 342 MB/s
</syntaxhighlight>
<br />
Read from SSD: <br />
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
# dd if=/media/nvme/deleteme.dat of=/dev/zero bs=32M count=128
128+0 records in
128+0 records out
4294967296 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 6.72943 s, 638 MB/s
</syntaxhighlight>