View source for NanoPi Duo

[[NanoPi Duo/zh|查看中文]]

==Introduction==
[[File:NanoPi Duo-1.jpg|thumb|frameless|300px|概览]]
[[File:NanoPi Duo-2.jpg|thumb|frameless|300px|正面]]
[[File:NanoPi Duo-3.jpg|thumb|frameless|300px|背面]]
* The NanoPi Duo is designed and developed by FriendlyElec for makers, hobbyists and professionals. It is small, just 50 x 25.4 mm. It uses Allwinner’s Cortex-A7 H2+ SoC. It has 256M/512M DDR3 RAM and an onboard WiFi module. A UbuntuCore image is ready for it.
* On such a small board rich interfaces such as Ethernet, USB, SPI, UART, I2C, PWM, IR and audio are exposed. It is powered from a MicroUSB port and boots OS from a MicroSD card.
* Popular libraries and utilities: WiringPi, RPi.GPIO and Python are ported to the NanoPi Duo’s system and they all are open source. The NanoPi Duo perfectly suits various light-weight IoT applications.

==Hardware Spec==
* CPU: Allwinner H2+, Quad-core Cortex-A7
* DDR3 RAM: 256MB/512MB
* Connectivity: 10/100M Ethernet
* Wifi：XR819
* USB Host: 2.54mm pin x2, exposed in 2.54mm pitch pin header
* MicroSD Slot x 1
* MicroUSB: OTG and power input 
* Debug Serial Interface: exposed in 2.54mm pitch pin header
* Audio input/output Interface: exposed in 2.54mm pitch pin header
* GPIO: 2.54mm spacing 12pin x2. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc
* PCB Dimension: 25.4 x 50mm
* Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
* Temperature measuring range: -40℃ to 80℃
* OS/Software: U-boot，Linux Kernel 4.11.2 (mainline) , Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (Xenial)
* Weight: xxg(With Pin-headers)

==Software Features==
===uboot===
* uboot 

===Ubuntu 16.04===
* mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2
* Ubuntu 16.04.2
* rpi-monitor: check system status and information
* npi-config: system configuration utility for setting passwords, language, timezone, hostname, SSH and auto-login, and enabling/disabling i2c, spi, serial and PWM
* software utility: wiringNP to access GPIO pins
* software utility: RPi.GPIO_NP to access GPIO pins
* networkmanager: manage networks
* system log output from serial port
* nano editor
* welcome window with basic system information and status
* auto-login with user account "pi" with access to npi-config 
* sudoers include "fa"
* on first system boot file system will be automatically extended. 
* supports file system auto check and repair on system boot.
* supports audio recording and playing with 3.5mm audio jack
* supports USB Host and 100M Ethernet
* fixed MAC address

==Diagram, Layout and Dimension==
===Layout===
[[File:NanoPi-Duo-layout.jpg |thumb|500px|NanoPi Duo Layout]]
[[File:Duo pinout-02.jpg|thumb|frameless|500px|pinout]]
* '''GPIO Pin Description'''
::{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Pin silk screen || Name || Linux gpio ||   || Pin silk screen || Name || Linux gpio  
|-
| MICN || MIC_N ||              ||  ||  SPD || EPHY-LED-SPD ||
|-
| MICP || MIC_P  ||            ||  || LNK || EPHY-LED-LINK ||
|- 
|LOR  || LINEOUT_R ||        ||    || TD+  || EPHY-TXP    ||
|-
|LOL  || LINEOUT_L  ||       ||    || TD-  || EPHY-TXN || 
|-
| CVB || CVBS      ||        ||   || RD+  || EPHY-RXP || 
|-
|TX1 || UART1_TX/GPIOG6|| 198   ||  || RD-  || EPHY-RXN || 
|-
| RX1|| UART1_RX/GPIOG7 || 199    ||   || DP2  || USB-DP2 || 
|-
| MO || UART3_RTS/SPI1_MOSI/GPIOA15 ||  15   ||     ||DM2  || USB-DM2 || 
|-
|MI  || UART3_CTS/SPI1_MISO/GPIOA16   ||  16   ||    || DP3   || USB-DP3 || 
|-
| CLK|| UART3_RX/SPI1_CLK/GPIOA14 ||  14  ||   || DM3  || USB-DM3    ||
|-
|CS  || UART3_TX/SPI1_CS/GPIOA13 ||  13   ||  || IOG11   || GPIOG11  || 203
|-
| SDA || I2C0_SDA/GPIOA12 || 12   ||  || IRRX  || GPIOL11/IR-RX   || 363
|-
| SCL || I2C0_SCL/GPIOA11 || 11     ||   || GND  || GND  ||  
|-
| GND || GND      ||    ||  ||  3V3 || SYS_3.3V    ||
|-
| DTX || DEBUG_TX(UART_TXD0)/GPIOA4 ||  4  ||   ||  5Vin || VDD_5V  || 
|-
| DRX || DEBUG_RX(UART_RXD0)/GPIOA5/PWM0 || 5   ||   ||  5Vin  || VDD_5V   || 
|}



:'''Note:'''
::#SYS_3.3V: 3.3V power output
::#VDD_5V: 5V power input/output. When the external device’s voltage is greater than the MicroUSB's voltage the external device is powering the board, 
 otherwise the board powers the external device. The input range is 4.7V ~ 5.6V
::#All pins are 3.3V, output current is 5mA
::#For more details refer to the document [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/b/b0/Schematic_NanoPi_Duo-v1.0-1706.pdf  NanoPi Duo Schematic]

===Dimensional Diagram===
[[File:NanoPi-Duo-1606-dimensions.png|frameless|550px|]]

::For more details refer to the document [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/index.php/File:Dimension_NanoPi_Duo_v1.0_1706-PCB.rar NanoPi_Duo_v1.0_1706 pcb file in dxf format]

==Get Started==
===Essentials You Need===
Before starting to use your NanoPi Duo get the following items ready
* NanoPi Duo
* microSD Card/TFCard: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
* microUSB power. A 5V/2A power is a must
* A Host computer running Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit system
* a serial communication board

===TF Cards We Tested===
To make your NanoPi Duo boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or better. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:
* SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD TF card:
[[File:SanDisk MicroSD.png|frameless|100px|SanDisk MicroSD 8G]]
* SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:
[[File:SanDisk MicroSD-01.png|frameless|100px|SanDisk MicroSD 128G]]
* 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:
[[File:SanDisk MicroSD-02.png|frameless|100px|chuanyu MicroSD 8G]]

===Make an Installation TF Card===
====Download Image Files====
Get the following files from here [https://www.mediafire.com/folder/2nswfc4j82d9r/NanoPi-Duo download link] to download image files (under the official-ROMs directory) and the flashing utility (under the tools directory):<br />
::{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan=2|Image Files:
|-
|nanopi-duo_ubuntu-core-xenial_4.x.y_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded Image File, kernel:Linux-4.x.y                    
|-
|colspan=2|Flash Utility:  
|-
|win32diskimager.rar || Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"
|- 
|}

====Make Installation MicroSD Card with Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded Image====
Extract an OS image and win32diskimager.rar. Insert a MicroSD card(at least 8G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the SD card till it is done. Insert this card into your Duo's MicroSD card slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the blue LED is blinking this indicates your Duo has successfully booted.<br/>

==Work with Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded==
===Run Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded===
* If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal
[[File:USB2UART-Duo.jpg|frameless|500px|USB2UART-Duo]]

* The NanoPi Duo can work with FriendlyElec's Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo. Here is link to the wiki site of Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/index.php/Mini_Shield_for_NanoPi_Duo Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo]. Here is a hardware setup.<br>
[[File:Mini_Shield_for_NanoPi_Duo-Duo.jpg|frameless|400px|Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo-Duo]]
* Ubuntu-Core User Accounts:
Non-root User:
    User Name: pi
    Password: pi

Root:
    User Name: root
    Password: fa
[[File:duo-login.jpg|frameless|550px|duo-login]]<br>
The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

* Update packages:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo apt-get update
</syntaxhighlight>

===Extend TF Card's rootfs Section===
When you boot OS for the first time with your image card your OS will automatically resize the file system and this process takes a relatively long time. After your OS is fully loaded you can check the file system's size by using the following command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ df -h
</syntaxhighlight>

===Work with npi-config Utility===
The npi-config is a system configuration utility for setting passwords, language, timezone, hostname, SSH and auto-login, and enabling/disabling i2c, spi, serial and PWM and I2S. You can start this utility by running the following command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo npi-config
</syntaxhighlight>
Here is the npi-config's main window:<br />
[[File:npi-config.jpg|frameless|500px|npi-config]]<br />

===Ethernet Connection===
The Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo has an Ethernet port. If a NanoPi Duo is assembled with a Mini Shield and is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP after it is powered up. If it is not connected via Ethernet or its DHCP is not activated obtaining an IP will fail and system will hang on for about 15 to 60 seconds. In this case you can try obtaining an IP by using the following command:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ dhclient eth0
</syntaxhighlight>

===Wireless Connection===
Enable the WiFi function on Duo by running the following commands. The NanoPi Duo has an onboard Wifi antenna. It will be better to connect an external antenna to Duo.<br/>
* List network devices
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo nmcli dev
</syntaxhighlight>
Note: if a network device's status is "unmanaged" it means that device is not accessed by the NetworkManager and you need to clear the settings in " /etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your board.

* Start WiFi
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo nmcli r wifi on
</syntaxhighlight>

* Scan Nearby WiFi Hotspots
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo nmcli dev wifi
</syntaxhighlight>

* Connect to a WiFi Hotspot
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD"
</syntaxhighlight>
The "SSID" and "Password" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.<br />
If a connection is successfully established your board will be automatically connected to your specified WiFi on system reboot.<br />
<br />
For more details about the NetworkManager refer to this wiki link:[[Use NetworkManager to configure network settings]]<br />

The NanoPi Duo supports external USB WiFi modules. Here is a list of models we tested:
::{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Index||Model       
|-
|1  ||  RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter     
|-
|2  ||  RT2070 Wireless Adapter     
|- 
|3  ||  RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
|-
|4  ||  RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
|-
|5  ||  MI WiFi mt7601
|}

===Login via SSH===
You can log into the board via SSH. In our test the IP address detected by our router was 192.168.1.230 and we ran the following command to log into the NanoPi Duo:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ ssh root@192.168.1.230
</syntaxhighlight>
The password is fa

===Connect NanoPi Duo to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)===
The NanoPi Duo works with FA-CAM202. After a NanoPi Duo is assembled with a Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo you can connect a FA-CAM202 to the Shield's USB port.<br>
[[File:USB-Camera-NanoPi-duo.png|frameless|500px|USB camera]]<br/>
The FA-CAM202 is a 2M-pixel USB camera module. For more details refer to this wiki site:[[Matrix - USB_Camera(FA-CAM202)|Matrix - USB_Camera(FA-CAM202)]].<br>
Boot your Duo, connect Duo to the internet, log in the system as root, compile and run the mjpg-streamer utility:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ su root
$ cd /root/mjpg-streamer
$ make
$ ./start.sh
</syntaxhighlight>
The mjpg-streamer is an open source media server. After it is started successfully you will see the following messages:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> 
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled
</syntaxhighlight>

In our case our Duo's IP address was 192.168.1.169. We typed "192.168.1.169:8080" on a browser, entered and we got the following screenshot:<br>
[[File:mjpg-streamer-cam500a-Duo.png|frameless|600px|mjpg-streamer-cam500a]] <br>

===Check CPU's Working Temperature===
Type the following command on a terminal to read the SoC's temperature and frequency:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
$ cpu_freq
</syntaxhighlight>

===Check System Information with Rpi-Monitor===
Our Ubuntu-Core contains the Rpi-Monitor utility with which users can check system information and status.<br>
In our case our Duo's IP was 192.168.1.230 and we typed the following IP in a browser:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
192.168.1.230:8888
</syntaxhighlight>
We entered the following page:<br>
[[File:rpi-monitor.png|frameless|700px|rpi-monitor]] <br>

You can easily check these system information and status.

===Access GPIO Pins/Wirings with WiringNP===
The wiringPi library was initially developed by Gordon Henderson in C. It contains libraries to access GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, PWM and etc. The wiringPi library contains various libraries, header files and a commandline utility:gpio. The gpio utility can be used to read and write GPIO pins.<br>
FriendlyElec integrated this utility in Duo's system allowing users to easily access GPIO pins. For more details refer to WiringNP [[WiringNP:_WiringPi_for_NanoPi_NEO/NEO2|WiringNP]]<br />

===Boot System from SSD===
A NanoPi-Duo can be booted from the SSD on a [[Mini Shield for NanoPi Duo]]. Booting OS from an SSD has the following benefits:<br />
1) faster read/write;<br />
2) much longer life time than a TF card;<br />
3) more reliable than booting from a TF card;<br />
<br />
You can install an OS to SSD by using the npi-config utility. Here are the steps to follow:<br />
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
sudo npi-config
</syntaxhighlight>
Enter the "Boot Options" menu, go to "Boot device" and you will see two options:<br />
1) D1 Hard drive<br />
2) D2 TF card<br />
Select "D1 Hard drive" and proceed with its prompts.<br />
Select "D2 TF card" to boot OS from a TF card.<br /><br />
If your npi-config doesn't have a "Boot device" menu it might be that your npi-config is out of date and you can update it by selecting "Update" in the menu.<br />

==Make Your Own Ubuntu-Core with Qt-Embedded==
===Use Mainline BSP===
The NanoPi Duo has support for kernel Linux-4.x.y with Ubuntu Core 16.04. For more details about how to use mainline u-boot and Linux-4.x.y refer to :[[Mainline U-boot & Linux|Mainline U-boot & Linux]] <br>

==Connect External Modules to Duo==
===Connect Mini Shield for NanoPi NEO Duo to Duo===

==3D Printing Files==

==Resources==
===Schematics & Datasheets===
* Schematics: [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/9/9a/Schematic_NanoPi_Duo-V1.0_1706.pdf  NanoPi Duo V1.0 1706 schematic] 
* Dimensional Diagram: [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/index.php/File:Dimension_NanoPi_Duo_v1.0_1706-PCB.rar  NanoPi Duo V1.0 1706 PCB Dimensional Diagram] 
* Datasheet:[http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/0/08/Allwinner_H2%2B_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf  Allwinner_H2+_Datasheet]

==Update Log==
===July-17-2017===
* Released English Version

===August-12-2017===
* Updated section 1

===August-29-2017===
* Added section 3

===Sep-3-2017===
* Corrected spelling and grammar errors

===Nov-9-2017===
* Added section 6.11