Difference between revisions of "NanoPi R1"

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(updated by API)
 
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[[File:NanoPi R1-3.jpg|thumb|frameless|250x250px|Back]]
 
[[File:NanoPi R1-3.jpg|thumb|frameless|250x250px|Back]]
 
* The NanoPi R1("R1") is a complete open source board developed by FriendlyElec for makers, hobbyists, fans and etc.
 
* The NanoPi R1("R1") is a complete open source board developed by FriendlyElec for makers, hobbyists, fans and etc.
* The NanoPi R1 has one Gbps Ethernet port and one Fast Ethernet port. It has an onboard 2.4G Wi-Fi module. FriendlyElec ported OpenWRT to the R1. With some additional settings it will work like a router.
+
* The NanoPi R1 has one Gbps Ethernet port and one Fast Ethernet port. It has an onboard 2.4G Wi-Fi module. FriendlyElec ported OpenWRT to the R1. With some additional settings it will work like a router.Its good networking performance and features make it a good platform for various network applications.
  
 
==Hardware Spec==
 
==Hardware Spec==
Line 26: Line 26:
 
* PC Size: 50.5 x 60mm
 
* PC Size: 50.5 x 60mm
 
* Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
 
* Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
* Temperature measuring range: -40℃ to 80℃
+
* Temperature measuring range: -20℃ to 70℃
 
* OS/Software: U-boot,Ubuntu-Core,OpenWRT
 
* OS/Software: U-boot,Ubuntu-Core,OpenWRT
 
* Weight: xxg
 
* Weight: xxg
Line 33: Line 33:
 
===Layout===
 
===Layout===
 
[[File:NanoPi R1-layout.jpg |frameless|600px|NanoPi R1 Layout]]
 
[[File:NanoPi R1-layout.jpg |frameless|600px|NanoPi R1 Layout]]
 +
<!---
 
[[File:NanoPi R1 pinout-02.jpg|frameless|600px| NanoPi R1 Layout]]
 
[[File:NanoPi R1 pinout-02.jpg|frameless|600px| NanoPi R1 Layout]]
 +
--->
 +
::For more details refer to the document: [http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/images/a/ab/NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809-Schematic.pdf NanoPi R1 V1.0 1809 Schematic.pdf]
  
 
===Board Dimension===
 
===Board Dimension===
Line 46: Line 49:
 
* MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
 
* MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
 
* MicroUSB 5V/2A power adapter
 
* MicroUSB 5V/2A power adapter
* A host computer running Ubuntu 16.04 64-bit system
+
* A host computer running Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system
  
===TF Cards We Tested===
+
{{TFCardsWeTested}}
To make your NanoPi R1 boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:
+
* SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD High Speed TF card:
+
[[File:SanDisk MicroSD.png|frameless|100px|SanDisk microSD 8G]]
+
* SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:
+
[[File:SanDisk MicroSD-01.png|frameless|100px|SanDisk microSD 128G]]
+
* 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:
+
[[File:SanDisk MicroSD-02.png|frameless|100px|chuanyu microSD 8G]]
+
  
 
===Install OS===
 
===Install OS===
 
====Download Image Files====
 
====Download Image Files====
Go to [http://dneo download link] to download the image files under the officail-ROMs directory and the flashing utility under the tools directory:<br />
+
Go to [http://download.friendlyelec.com/nanopir1 download link] to download the image files under the officail-ROMs directory and the flashing utility under the tools directory:<br />
  
 
::{| class="wikitable"
 
::{| class="wikitable"
Line 65: Line 61:
 
|colspan=2|Image Files
 
|colspan=2|Image Files
 
|-
 
|-
|f_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || FriendlyCore based on UbuntuCore and Linux-3.4 kernel                
+
|nanopi-r1_sd_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || Based on UbuntuCore and Linux-4.14 kernel                  
 
|-
 
|-
|mhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || FriendlyCore based on UbuntuCore and Linux-4.14 kernel                  
+
|nanopi-r1_sd_friendlywrt_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || Base on OpenWrt and Linux-4.14 kernel
 +
|-
 +
|nanopi-r1_eflasher_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || eflasher image which is used to install FriendlyCore(Linux-4.14) to eMMC
 +
|-
 +
|nanopi-r1_eflasher_friendlywrt_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip || eflasher image which is used to install OpenWrt(Linux-4.14) to eMMC
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan=2|Flashing Utility   
 
|colspan=2|Flashing Utility   
Line 74: Line 74:
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|}
 
|}
<!-- comments
 
====Linux-3.4和Linux-4.14系统固件差异====
 
{{AllwinnerH3-KernelDiff/zh|NanoPi-R1}}
 
-->
 
{{BurnOS-Allwinner/zh|NanoPi-R1}}
 
{{FriendlyCoreGeneral/zh|NanoPi-R1}}
 
{{FriendlyCoreAllwinnerH3/zh|NanoPi-R1}}
 
 
==How to Use OpenWrt==
 
===Introduction===
 
OpenWrt is a highly extensible GNU/Linux variant for embedded devices. Unlike many other distributions for routers, OpenWrt is built from the ground up to be a full-featured, easily modifiable OS for a router. In practice this means you can have all the features with none of the bloat, powered by a Linux kernel that is more recent than most other distributions.
 
 
===Run OpenWrt===
 
====Log in OpenWrt====
 
* If you want to do kernel development you'd better get a serial communication board and connect this board to your R1.<br />
 
Here is a hardware setup.<br />
 
When your R1's serial port is connected to a serial board you can power your board from its MicroUSB port:<br />
 
[[File:PSU-ONECOM-R1.jpg|frameless|400px|PSU_ONECOM-R1]]  [[File:USB2UART-R1.jpg|frameless|400px|USB2UART-R1]]<br>
 
 
* By default a user logs in as root without a password. You can set the root's password by commanding "passwd".<br />
 
[[File:R1-login.jpg|frameless|500px|R1-login]]<br>
 
* Run the following commands to install a language package(in our test we installed a Chinese package):
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
opkg update
 
opkg install luci-i18n-base-zh-cn
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
* By default a NanoPi R1 that runs OpenWrt is used as a secondary router. You can check its IP address from a main router by commanding "ifconfig" in a commandline utility(in our test the IP address was 192.168.1.163), type its IP address in the address bar of a browser to load the OpenWrt-LiCI page and type your user account and password to login(by default the password is not set and you can login without a password by clicking on the "Login" button).<br>
 
[[File:R1-OpenWrt-LuCI.jpg|frameless|500px|R1-OpenWrt-LuCI]]<br>
 
====Configure WAN and LAN====
 
* 登录后,点击顶部的 Network ---> Interfaces ,点击顶部的“WAN”和“LAN”可对WAN口和LAN口进行设置。<br>
 
[[File:R1_Interfaces_WAN.jpg|frameless|500px|R1_Interfaces_WAN]]  [[File:R1_Interfaces_LAN.jpg|frameless|500px|R1_Interfaces_LAN]]<br>
 
 
====设置Wireless====
 
* 登录后,点击顶部的 Network ---> Wireless 进入wifi热点设置界面,然后点击“Edit”进行wifi无线热点。<br>
 
[[File:R1-Wireless1.jpg|frameless|500px|R1-Wireless]]<br>
 
* 更改Interface Configuration ---> General Setup ---> ESSID 可以更改wifi热点的名字,点击Save & Apply保存。<br>
 
[[File:R1-Wireless-ESSID.jpg|frameless|500px|R1-Wireless-ESSID]]<br>
 
* 可以在Interface Configuration ---> Wireless Security 的 Encryption 设置wifi热点的加密方式,在Key设置wifi热点的密码,点击Save & Apply保存。<br>
 
[[File:R1-Wireless-Key.jpg|frameless|500px|R1-Wireless-Key]]<br>
 
* 可以在 Network ---> Wireless 页面的 Associated Stations 查看当前连接到wifi热点的设备。<br>
 
[[File:R1-Wireless-Associated_Stations.jpg|frameless|500px|R1-Wireless-Associated Stations]]<br>
 
  
 +
{{BurnOS-Allwinner|NanoPi-R1}}
  
==开发者指南==
+
{{OpenWrt1|NanoPi-R1}}
===编译 Linux BSP===
+
* Linux-4.14
+
R1支持使用Linux-4.14内核,Linux-4.14内核主要由开源社区完善,在此基础上友善电子官方进行了自家硬件的适配,编译步骤请参考维基:[[Building U-boot and Linux for H5/H3/H2+]] <br>
+
  
===制作系统映像===
+
{{FriendlyCoreGeneral|NanoPi-R1}}
*[[How to make your own SD-bootable ROM]]
+
{{FriendlyCoreAllwinnerH3|NanoPi-R1}}
 +
{{H3-KernelHeaderFile}}
 +
{{DeveloperGuildH3|NanoPi-R1}}
 +
{{MoreOS}}
 +
==Resources==
 +
===Schematics and Datasheets===
 +
* Schematics
 +
** [http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/images/a/ab/NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809-Schematic.pdf NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809-Schematic.pdf]
  
===OpenWrt===
+
* Dimensional Diagram
*[[How to build Openwrt]]
+
** [http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/index.php/File:Dimension_NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809_PCB.rar NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809 pcb的dxf文件]
  
===WiringNP===
+
* H3 datasheet [http://wiki.friendlyelec.com/wiki/images/4/4b/Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf]
wiringPi库最早是由Gordon Henderson所编写并维护的一个用C语言写成的类库,除了GPIO库,还包括了I2C库、SPI库、UART库和软件PWM库等,由于wiringPi的API函数和arduino非常相似,这也使得它广受欢迎。
+
wiringPi库除了提供wiringPi类库及其头文件外,还提供了一个命令行工具gpio:可以用来设置和读写GPIO管脚,以方便在Shell脚本中控制GPIO管脚。<br>
+
我们在FriendlyCore系统中支持了这个工具以便客户测试GPIO管脚。详细信息请参看 [[WiringNP:_WiringPi_for_NanoPi_NEO/NEO2|WiringNP]]<br />
+
  
==资源链接==
+
==Update Log==
===手册原理图等开发资料===
+
===Jan-02-2019===
* 原理图
+
* Released English Version
** [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/a/ab/NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809-Schematic.pdf NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809-Schematic.pdf]
+
  
* 尺寸图
+
===Jan-17-2019===
** [http://wiki.f6-dimensions%28dxf%29.zip NanoPi_R1_V1.0_1809 pcb的dxf文件]
+
* Updated section 5
  
* H3芯片手册 [http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/images/4/4b/Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf Allwinner_H3_Datasheet_V1.2.pdf]
+
===April-24-2019===
 +
* Updated section 5.6

Latest revision as of 09:39, 21 March 2022

查看中文

1 Introduction

Overview
Front
Back
  • The NanoPi R1("R1") is a complete open source board developed by FriendlyElec for makers, hobbyists, fans and etc.
  • The NanoPi R1 has one Gbps Ethernet port and one Fast Ethernet port. It has an onboard 2.4G Wi-Fi module. FriendlyElec ported OpenWRT to the R1. With some additional settings it will work like a router.Its good networking performance and features make it a good platform for various network applications.

2 Hardware Spec

  • CPU: Allwinner H3, Quad-core Cortex-A7 Up to 1.2GHz
  • DDR3 RAM: 512MB/1GB
  • Storage: NC/8GB eMMC
  • Network:
    • 10/100/1000M Ethernet x 1,
    • 10/100M Ethernet x 1
  • WiFi: 802.11b/g/n, with SMA antenna interface
  • Bluetooth:4.0 dual mode
  • USB Host: Type-A x2
  • MicroSD Slot x 1
  • MicroUSB: for OTG and power input
  • Debug Serial Port: 3Pin 2.54mm pitch pin-header
  • UART: 4Pin 2.54mm pitch pin-header
  • LED: LED x 3
  • KEY: KEY x 1
  • PC Size: 50.5 x 60mm
  • Power Supply: DC 5V/2A
  • Temperature measuring range: -20℃ to 70℃
  • OS/Software: U-boot,Ubuntu-Core,OpenWRT
  • Weight: xxg

3 Diagram, Layout and Dimension

3.1 Layout

NanoPi R1 Layout

For more details refer to the document: NanoPi R1 V1.0 1809 Schematic.pdf

3.2 Board Dimension

NanoPi R1-dimensions.png

For more details refer to:NanoPi_R1 pcb file in dxf format

4 Get Started

4.1 Essentials You Need

Before starting to use your NanoPi R1 get the following items ready

  • NanoPi R1
  • MicroSD Card/TF Card: Class 10 or Above, minimum 8GB SDHC
  • MicroUSB 5V/2A power adapter
  • A host computer running Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit system

4.2 TF Cards We Tested

To make your device boot and run fast we highly recommend you use a Class10 8GB SDHC TF card or a better one. The following cards are what we used in all our test cases presented here:

  • Sandisk MicroSDHC V30 32GB Extreme Pro (Developer choice)

SanDiskExtremePro

  • SanDisk 32GB High Endurance Video MicroSDHC Card with Adapter for Dash Cam and Home Monitoring Systems (High reliability)

SanDiskHighEndurance

  • SanDisk TF 8G Class10 Micro/SD High Speed TF card:

SanDisk microSD 8G

  • SanDisk TF128G MicroSDXC TF 128G Class10 48MB/S:

SanDisk microSD 128G

  • 川宇 8G C10 High Speed class10 micro SD card:

chuanyu microSD 8G

4.3 Install OS

4.3.1 Download Image Files

Go to download link to download the image files under the officail-ROMs directory and the flashing utility under the tools directory:

Image Files
nanopi-r1_sd_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip Based on UbuntuCore and Linux-4.14 kernel
nanopi-r1_sd_friendlywrt_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip Base on OpenWrt and Linux-4.14 kernel
nanopi-r1_eflasher_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip eflasher image which is used to install FriendlyCore(Linux-4.14) to eMMC
nanopi-r1_eflasher_friendlywrt_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img.zip eflasher image which is used to install OpenWrt(Linux-4.14) to eMMC
Flashing Utility
win32diskimager.rar Windows utility. Under Linux users can use "dd"


4.3.1.1 Flash to eMMC
4.3.1.1.1 Flash OS with eflasher Utility
  • For more details about eflasher refer to the wiki link: EFlasher
  • Extract the eflasher Image and win32diskimager.rar files. Insert a TF card(at least 4G) into a Windows PC and run the win32diskimager utility as administrator. On the utility's main window select your TF card's drive, the wanted image file and click on "write" to start flashing the TF card.
  • Insert this card into your board's BOOT slot and power on (with a 5V/2A power source). If the green LED is on and the blue LED is blinking this indicates your board has successfully booted.
  • If your board doesn't support HDMI or no monitor is connected you can select an OS by running the following command:
$ su root
$ eflasher

The password for "root" is "fa".

We take "nanopi-r1_eflasher_friendlycore-xenial_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img" as an example. After you run the "eflasher" command you will see the following messages:

eflasher_friendlycore1
Type "1", select writing friendlycore system to eMMC you will see the following messages:

eflasher_friendlycore2_h3
Type "yes" to start installation:

eflasher_friendlycore3
After it is done power off the system, take off the TF card, power on again your system will be booted from eMMC.

  • If you want to flash other system to eMMC you can download the whole images-for-eflasher directory and extract the package under that directory to the FRIENDLYARM partition of an installation SD card.

eflasher_friendlyarm_h3

5 Work with OpenWrt

5.1 Introduction

OpenWrt is a highly extensible GNU/Linux distribution for embedded devices.Unlike many other distributions for routers, OpenWrt is built from the ground up to be a full-featured, easily modifiable operating system for embedded devices. In practice, this means that you can have all the features you need with none of the bloat, powered by a modern Linux kernel. For more details you can refer to:OpenWrt Website.

5.2 System Login

  • Login via Serial Port

When you do kernel development you'd better get a serial communication board. After you connect your board to a serial communication board you will be able to do development work from a commandline utility.
Here is a hardware setup:
After you connect your board to a serial communication board (e.g. FriendlyElec's serial communication board) you can power the whole system from either the DC port on the serial communication board or the MicroUSB port(if there is one) on your board:
PSU-ONECOM-R1.jpg

or you can use a USB to serial board and power on the whole system at the MicroUSB port with a 5V/2A power:
Matrix-USB2UART nanopi R1.jpg

By default you will login as root without a password. You can use "passwd" to set a password for root.
op_login
On first boot the system will automatically extend the file system on the TF card to the max capacity:
resize_rootfs_userdata
Please wait for this to be done.

  • Login via SSH

In FriendlyElec's OpenWrt system the Ethernet(eth0) is configured as WAN.
Before power on your board make sure your board is connected to a master router's LAN with an Ethernet cable and the eth0 will be assigned an IP address by DHCP.
For example, if your eth0 is assigned an IP address 192.168.1.163 you can login with SSH by running the following command:

$ ssh root@192.168.1.163

You can login without a password.

  • Login via Web

You can login OpenWrt via a LuCI Web page.
After you go through all the steps in <Login via SSH> and get an IP address e.g. 192.168.1.163 for the Ethernet connection, type this IP address in a browser's address bar and you will be able to login OpenWrt-LuCI:
R1-OpenWrt-LuCI
By default you will login as root without a password, just click on "Login" to login.

5.3 Manage Software Packages

OpenWrt has a package management utility: opkg. You can get its details by running the following command:

$ opkg
Package Manipulation:
        update                  Update list of available packages
        upgrade <pkgs>          Upgrade packages
        install <pkgs>          Install package(s)
        configure <pkgs>        Configure unpacked package(s)
        remove <pkgs|regexp>    Remove package(s)
        flag <flag> <pkgs>      Flag package(s)
         <flag>=hold|noprune|user|ok|installed|unpacked (one per invocation)
 
Informational Commands:
        list                    List available packages
        list-installed          List installed packages
        list-upgradable         List installed and upgradable packages
        list-changed-conffiles  List user modified configuration files
        files <pkg>             List files belonging to <pkg>
        search <file|regexp>    List package providing <file>
        find <regexp>           List packages whose name or description matches <regexp>
        info [pkg|regexp]       Display all info for <pkg>
        status [pkg|regexp]     Display all status for <pkg>
        download <pkg>          Download <pkg> to current directory
...

These are just part of the manual. Here are some popular opkg commands.

  • Update Package List

Before you install a package you'd better update the package list:

$ opkg update
  • Check Available Packages
$ opkg list

At the time of writing there are 3241 packages available.

  • Check Installed Packages:
$ opkg list-installed

At the time of writing 124 packages have been installed.

  • Install/Delete Packages:
$ opkg install <pkgs>
$ opkg remove <pkgs>
  • Check Files Contained in Installed Packages:
$ opkg files <pkg>
  • Install Chinese Language Package for LuCI
$ opkg install luci-i18n-base-zh-cn
  • Check Changed Files:
$ opkg list-changed-conffiles

5.4 Check System Status

  • Check CPU Temperature & Frequency via Commandline
$ cpu_freq 
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz

These messages mean that there are four CPU cores working online simultaneously. Each core's temperature is 26.5 degrees in Celsius, the scheduling policy is on-demand and the working frequency is 624MHz. You can set the frequency by running the following command:

$ cpu_freq -s 1008000
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz

These messages mean four CPU cores are working online. Each core's temperature is 26.5 degrees. Each core's governor is on demand and the frequency is 480 MHz.

  • Check System Status on OpenWrt-LuCI Web Page

After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to "Statistics ---> Graphs" and you will see various system statistics e.g.:
1) System Load:
statistics_system_load
2) RAM:
statistics_memory
3) CPU Temperature:
statistics_thermal
All the statistics listed on the Statistics page are presented by the luci-app-statistics package which uses the Collectd utility to collect data and presents them with the RRDtool utility.
If you want to get more statistics you can install other collectd-mod-* packages. All collectd-mod-* packages use the same configuration file: /etc/config/luci_statistics.

5.5 Check Network->Interfaces Configurations

  • After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to "Network" ---> "Interfaces" and you will see the current network's configurations:

op_interface_eth0_br

  • All the configurations listed on the Network->Interfaces page are stored in the "/etc/config/network" file.

5.6 Check Netwrok->Wireless Configurations

  • After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to Network ---> Wireless and you will see the WiFi hotspot's configurations:

op_wireless
A default WiFi AP's hotspot name looks like "OpenWrt-10:d0:7a:de:3d:92". It doesn't have a password. You can connect your smart phone to it and browse the internet.

  • All the configurations listed on the Network->Wireless page are stored in the "/etc/config/wireless" file.

5.7 Check LED Configurations

  • After open the OpenWrt-LuCI page, go to System ---> LED Configuration and you will see the LED's configurations:

R1_openwrt_led

  • By default the LED is configured as follows:

LED1: heart-beat LED. If this LED doesn't blink it means the system is dead and it needs to be restarted.
LED2: status LED for Gbps Ethernet eth0 WAN. If WAN works this LED will be solid on otherwise it will be off. You can check the "Transmit" / "Receive" box to set the LED to blink when WAN transmits / receives data.
LED3: status LED for Fast Ethernet eth1 LAN. If LAN works this LED will be solid on otherwise it will be off. You can check the "Transmit" / "Receive" box to set the LED to blink when LAN transmits / receives data.

5.8 Check BUTTON Configurations

FriendlyElec's OpenWrt system uses the triggerhappy utility to configure BUTTON's functions. By default when BUTTON is pressed a reboot will be triggered. If the system needs to be rebooted we suggest you use BUTTON to trigger a reboot. This prevents the file system from being damaged by accidental system shutdown.
The configurations for the triggerhappy utility are stored in the "/etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/example.conf" file.

5.9 USB WiFi

Currently the NanoPi NEO2 Black only works with a RTL8821CU USB WiFi dongle, plug and play. After this module is connected to the board it will by default work under AP mode and the hotspot's name is "rtl8821cu-mac address" and the password is "password";

5.10 Huawei's WiFi 2 mini(E8372H-155) Module

After this module is connected to the board it will be plug and play. The hotspot's name is "HUAWEI-8DA5". You can connect a device to the internet by connecting to this hotspot.

6 Work with FriendlyCore

6.1 Introduction

FriendlyCore is a light Linux system without X-windows, based on ubuntu core, It uses the Qt-Embedded's GUI and is popular in industrial and enterprise applications.

Besides the regular Ubuntu Core's features FriendlyCore has the following additional features:

  • it integrates Qt4.8;
  • it integrates NetworkManager;
  • it has bluez and Bluetooth related packages;
  • it has alsa packages;
  • it has npi-config;
  • it has RPiGPIO, a Python GPIO module;
  • it has some Python/C demo in /root/ directory;
  • it enables 512M-swap partition;

6.2 System Login

  • If your board is connected to an HDMI monitor you need to use a USB mouse and keyboard.
  • If you want to do kernel development you need to use a serial communication board, ie a PSU-ONECOM board, which will

allow you to operate the board via a serial terminal.Here is a setup where we connect a board to a PC via the PSU-ONECOM and you can power on your board from either the PSU-ONECOM or its MicroUSB: PSU-ONECOM-R1.jpg
You can use a USB to Serial conversion board too.
Make sure you use a 5V/2A power to power your board from its MicroUSB port:
Matrix-USB2UART nanopi R1.jpg

  • FriendlyCore User Accounts:

Non-root User:

   User Name: pi
   Password: pi

Root:

   User Name: root
   Password: fa

The system is automatically logged in as "pi". You can do "sudo npi-config" to disable auto login.

  • Update packages
$ sudo apt-get update

6.3 Configure System with npi-config

The npi-config is a commandline utility which can be used to initialize system configurations such as user password, system language, time zone, Hostname, SSH switch , Auto login and etc. Type the following command to run this utility.

$ sudo npi-config

Here is how npi-config's GUI looks like:
npi-config

6.4 Develop Qt Application

Please refer to: How to Build and Install Qt Application for FriendlyELEC Boards

6.5 Setup Program to AutoRun

You can setup a program to autorun on system boot with npi-config:

sudo npi-config

Go to Boot Options -> Autologin -> Qt/Embedded, select Enable and reboot.

6.6 Extend TF Card's Section

When FriendlyCore is loaded the TF card's section will be automatically extended.You can check the section's size by running the following command:

$ df -h

6.7 Transfer files using Bluetooth

Take the example of transferring files to the mobile phone. First, set your mobile phone Bluetooth to detectable status, then execute the following command to start Bluetooth search.:

hcitool scan


Search results look like:

Scanning ...
    2C:8A:72:1D:46:02   HTC6525LVW

This means that a mobile phone named HTC6525LVW is searched. We write down the MAC address in front of the phone name, and then use the sdptool command to view the Bluetooth service supported by the phone:

sdptool browser 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02

Note: Please replace the MAC address in the above command with the actual Bluetooth MAC address of the mobile phone.
This command will detail the protocols supported by Bluetooth for mobile phones. What we need to care about is a file transfer service called OBEX Object Push. Take the HTC6525LVW mobile phone as an example. The results are as follows:

Service Name: OBEX Object Push
Service RecHandle: 0x1000b
Service Class ID List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
Protocol Descriptor List:
  "L2CAP" (0x0100)
  "RFCOMM" (0x0003)
    Channel: 12
  "OBEX" (0x0008)
Profile Descriptor List:
  "OBEX Object Push" (0x1105)
    Version: 0x0100

As can be seen from the above information, the channel used by the OBEX Object Push service of this mobile phone is 12, we need to pass it to the obexftp command, and finally the command to initiate the file transfer request is as follows:

obexftp --nopath --noconn --uuid none --bluetooth -b 2C:8A:72:1D:46:02 -B 12 -put example.jpg

Note: Please replace the MAC address, channel and file name in the above command with the actual one.

After executing the above commands, please pay attention to the screen of the mobile phone. The mobile phone will pop up a prompt for pairing and receiving files. After confirming, the file transfer will start.

Bluetooth FAQ:
1) Bluetooth device not found on the development board, try to open Bluetooth with the following command:

rfkill unblock 0

2) Prompt can not find the relevant command, you can try to install related software with the following command:

apt-get install bluetooth bluez obexftp openobex-apps python-gobject ussp-push

6.8 WiFi

For either an SD WiFi or a USB WiFi you can connect it to your board in the same way. The APXX series WiFi chips are SD WiFi chips. By default FriendlyElec's system supports most popular USB WiFi modules. Here is a list of the USB WiFi modules we tested:

Index Model
1 RTL8188CUS/8188EU 802.11n WLAN Adapter
2 RT2070 Wireless Adapter
3 RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter
4 RTL8192CU Wireless Adapter
5 mi WiFi mt7601
6 5G USB WiFi RTL8821CU
7 5G USB WiFi RTL8812AU

You can use the NetworkManager utility to manage network. You can run "nmcli" in the commandline utility to start it. Here are the commands to start a WiFi connection:

  • Change to root
$ su root
  • Check device list
$ nmcli dev

Note: if the status of a device is "unmanaged" it means that device cannot be accessed by NetworkManager. To make it accessed you need to clear the settings under "/etc/network/interfaces" and reboot your system.

  • Start WiFi
$ nmcli r wifi on
  • Scan Surrounding WiFi Sources
$ nmcli dev wifi
  • Connect to a WiFi Source
$ nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "PASSWORD" ifname wlan0

The "SSID" and "PASSWORD" need to be replaced with your actual SSID and password.If you have multiple WiFi devices you need to specify the one you want to connect to a WiFi source with iface
If a connection succeeds it will be automatically setup on next system reboot.

For more details about NetworkManager refer to this link: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings

If your USB WiFi module doesn't work most likely your system doesn't have its driver. For a Debian system you can get a driver from Debian-WiFi and install it on your system. For a Ubuntu system you can install a driver by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install linux-firmware

In general all WiFi drivers are located at the "/lib/firmware" directory.


6.9 Ethernet Connection

If a board is connected to a network via Ethernet before it is powered on it will automatically obtain an IP with DHCP activated after it is powered up. If you want to set up a static IP refer to: Use NetworkManager to configure network settings


6.10 Custom welcome message

The welcome message is printed from the script in this directory:

/etc/update-motd.d/

For example, to change the FriendlyELEC LOGO, you can change the file /etc/update-motd.d/10-header. For example, to change the LOGO to HELLO, you can change the following line:

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal $BOARD_VENDOR

To:

TERM=linux toilet -f standard -F metal HELLO

6.11 Modify timezone

For exampe, change to Shanghai timezone:

sudo rm /etc/localtime
sudo ln -ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime




6.12 Connect to USB Camera(FA-CAM202)

The FA-CAM202 is a 200M USB camera. Connect your board to camera module. Then boot OS, connect your board to a network, log into the board as root and run "mjpg-streamer":

$ cd /root/C/mjpg-streamer
$ make
$ ./start.sh

You need to change the start.sh script and make sure it uses a correct /dev/videoX node. You can check your camera's node by running the following commands:

$ apt-get install v4l-utils
$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 -D
Driver Info (not using libv4l2):
        Driver name   : uvcvideo
        Card type     : HC 3358+2100: HC 3358+2100  / USB 2.0 Camera: USB 2.0 Camera
        Bus info      : usb-1c1b000.usb-1
	...

The above messages indicate that "/dev/video0" is camera's device node.The mjpg-streamer application is an open source video steam server. After it is successfully started the following messages will be popped up:

 
$ ./start.sh
 i: Using V4L2 device.: /dev/video0
 i: Desired Resolution: 1280 x 720
 i: Frames Per Second.: 30
 i: Format............: YUV
 i: JPEG Quality......: 90
 o: www-folder-path...: ./www/
 o: HTTP TCP port.....: 8080
 o: username:password.: disabled
 o: commands..........: enabled

start.sh runs the following two commands:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$(pwd)"
./mjpg_streamer -i "./input_uvc.so -d /dev/video0 -y 1 -r 1280x720 -f 30 -q 90 -n -fb 0" -o "./output_http.so -w ./www"

Here are some details for mjpg_streamer's major options:
-i: input device. For example "input_uvc.so" means it takes input from a camera;
-o: output device. For example "output_http.so" means the it transmits data via http;
-d: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's device node;
-y: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's data format: 1:yuyv, 2:yvyu, 3:uyvy 4:vyuy. If this option isn't defined MJPEG will be set as the data format;
-r: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's resolution;
-f: input device's subparameter. It defines a camera's fps. But whether this fps is supported depends on its driver;
-q: input device's subparameter. It defines the quality of an image generated by libjpeg soft-encoding;
-n: input device's subparameter. It disables the dynctrls function;
-fb: input device's subparameter. It specifies whether an input image is displayed at "/dev/fbX";
-w: output device's subparameter. It defines a directory to hold web pages;

In our case the board's IP address was 192.168.1.230. We typed 192.168.1.230:8080 in a browser and were able to view the images taken from the camera's. Here is what you would expect to observe:
mjpg-streamer-cam500a

6.13 Check CPU's Working Temperature

You can get CPU's working temperature by running the following command:

$ cpu_freq 
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=26548C governor=ondemand freq=624000KHz

This message means there are currently four CPUs working. All of their working temperature is 26.5 degree in Celsius and each one's clock is 624MHz.
Set CPU frequency:

$ cpu_freq -s 1008000
Aavailable frequency(KHz):
        480000 624000 816000 1008000
Current frequency(KHz):
        CPU0 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU1 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU2 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz
        CPU3 online=1 temp=36702C governor=userspace freq=1008000KHz




6.14 How to install and use docker (for armhf system)

6.14.1 How to Install Docker

Run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker.io

6.14.2 Test Docker installation

Test that your installation works by running the simple docker image:

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/debian-jessie-arm-docker
cd debian-jessie-arm-docker
./rebuild-image.sh
./run.sh

6.15 Using RTC

NanoPi-R1提供了RTC电池接口,使用系统的RTC功能需要连接CR2032带线RTC纽扣电池给板子的RTC电路供电,电池连接如下图所示:
File:NanoPi R1-RTC-BAT-en.png
Dimensional diagram of on board RTC battery connector

      • 待完善****

7 Build Kernel Headers Package

The following commands need to be executed on the development board:

7.1 Software Version

The OS image file name: nanopi-XXX_sd_friendlycore-focal_4.14_armhf_YYYYMMDD.img

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal
 
$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.14.111 (root@ubuntu) (gcc version 4.9.3 (ctng-1.21.0-229g-FA)) #193 SMP Thu Jun 10 18:20:47 CST 2021

7.2 Install the required packages

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dpkg-dev libarchive-tools

7.3 Build Kernel Headers Package

git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux -b sunxi-4.14.y --depth 1 kernel-h3
cd kernel-h3
rm -rf .git
make distclean
touch .scmversion
make CROSS_COMPILE= ARCH=arm sunxi_defconfig
alias tar=bsdtar
make CROSS_COMPILE= ARCH=arm bindeb-pkg -j4

The following message is displayed to indicate completion:

dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-headers-4.14.111' in '../linux-headers-4.14.111_4.14.111-1_armhf.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-libc-dev' in '../linux-libc-dev_4.14.111-1_armhf.deb'.
dpkg-deb: building package 'linux-image-4.14.111' in '../linux-image-4.14.111_4.14.111-1_armhf.deb'.
dpkg-genchanges: warning: substitution variable ${kernel:debarch} used, but is not defined
dpkg-genchanges: info: binary-only upload (no source code included)

8 Installation=

sudo dpkg -i ../linux-headers-4.14.111_4.14.111-1_armhf.deb

8.1 Testing

To compile the pf_ring module as an example, refer to the documentation: https://www.ntop.org/guides/pf_ring/get_started/git_installation.html.

git clone https://github.com/ntop/PF_RING.git
cd PF_RING/kernel/
make

After compiling, use insmod to try to load the module:

sudo insmod ./pf_ring.ko

9 Developer's Guide

10 More OS Support

10.1 DietPi

Dietpi-logo.png
DietPi is a highly optimised & minimal Debian-based Linux distribution. DietPi is extremely lightweight at its core, and also extremely easy to install and use.
Setting up a single board computer (SBC) or even a computer, for both regular or server use, takes time and skill. DietPi provides an easy way to install and run favourite software you choose.
For more information, please visit this link https://dietpi.com/docs/.

DietPi supports many of the NanoPi board series, you may download the image file from here:

11 Resources

11.1 Schematics and Datasheets

12 Update Log

12.1 Jan-02-2019

  • Released English Version

12.2 Jan-17-2019

  • Updated section 5

12.3 April-24-2019

  • Updated section 5.6