Difference between revisions of "Matrix - Analog to Digital Converter"

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[[Matrix - Analog to Digital Converter/zh|查看中文]]
 
[[Matrix - Analog to Digital Converter/zh|查看中文]]
  
−
==介绍==
+
==Introduction==
 
[[File:ADC.png|thumb|Analog to Digital Converter]]
 
[[File:ADC.png|thumb|Analog to Digital Converter]]
−
* 模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter是一款单片、单电源低功耗的八位CMOS数据采集器件。
+
* The Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter is a single-chip, single-supply low-power 8-bit CMOS data acquisition device.
−
* 搭载了PCF8591芯片，共有4 个模拟输入、一个输出和一个串行I2C 总线接口。3 个地址引脚A0、A1 和A2 用于编程硬件地址，允许将最多8个器件连接至I2C总线而不需要额外硬件。器件的地址、控制和数据通过两线双向I2C 总线传输。最大转换速率取决于I2C 总线的最高速率。
+
* It utilizes the PCF8591 chip with four analog inputs, one analog output and a serial I2C-bus interface. Three address pins A0, A1 and A2 are used for programming the hardware address, allowing
−
* I2C地址被配置为1001000x，参考电压跟电源电压一样，即采集范围是地到电源。
+
the use of up to eight devices connected to the I2C-bus without additional hardware. Address, control and data to and from the device are transferred serially via the two-line bidirectional I2C-bus. The
−
* 电源输入范围是2.5V-6.0V，2.54mm排针中的5V是电源输入脚，但是如果您需要采集0-3.3V的模拟信号，而又不想降低采集精度，可以把电源输入改为3.3V。
+
maximum conversion rate is given by the maximum speed of the I2C-bus.
 +
* The I2C hardware address is configured to 1001000x
 +
* The operating supply voltage is from 2.5V to 6.0V，Among the 2.54 mm spacing pin header the 5V pin is the supply voltage. If you need 0 - 3.3V analog signals and keep the acquisition resolution you can connect it to a 3.3V supply voltage.
  
−
==特性==
+
==Features==
−
* 宽电源电压输入，2.5V-6.0V
+
* Wide range supply voltage: 2.5V - 6.0V
−
* I2C接口，3.3V/5V
+
* I2C interface: 3.3V/5V
−
* 8-bit A/D x4
+
* 8-bit A/D x 4
−
* 8-bit D/A x1
+
* 8-bit D/A x 1
−
* 体积小巧， 带固定孔，方便嵌入到外壳
+
* Small and easy to be used in various situations
−
* 2.54mm排针接口，接线方便，通用性强
+
* 2.54 mm spacing pin
−
* PCB尺寸（mm）：16x24
+
* PCB dimension (mm): 16 x 24
−
[[File:adcpcb.png|frameless|400px|模数PCB]]
+
[[File:adcpcb.png|frameless|400px|Analog to Digital PCB]]
  
−
* 引脚说明:
+
* Pin Description:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|名称 || 描述        
+
|Pin || Description        
 
|-
 
|-
 
|SDA    || I2C SDA
 
|SDA    || I2C SDA
Line 27: Line 29:
 
|SCL    || I2C SCL
 
|SCL    || I2C SCL
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|5V      || 电源5V
+
|5V      || Supply Voltage 5V
 
|-
 
|-
−
|GND    || 地
+
|GND    || Ground
 
|-
 
|-
−
|AOUT    || 模拟输出通道
+
|AOUT    || Analog Output
 
|-
 
|-
−
|A3    || 模拟输入通道3
+
|A3    || Analog Input3
 
|-
 
|-
−
|A2    || 模拟输入通道2
+
|A2    || Analog Input2
 
|-
 
|-
−
|A1    || 模拟输入通道1
+
|A1    || Analog Input1
 
|-
 
|-
−
|A0    || 模拟输入通道0
+
|A0    || Analog Input0
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==工作原理==
+
==Basic Device Operation==
−
芯片PCF8591是用i2c总线进行串行输入/输出，因此模块上的SDA、SCL两个引脚可以接到开发板的I2C的SDA、SCL两个引脚上。模块上还有AINT0-AINT4引脚为外部模拟输入可编程为单端或差分输入，要注意外接的模拟电压输入范围在0—VDD。
+
The PCF8591's I2C-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a Serial DAta line (SDA) and a Serial CLock line (SCL). Both lines must
−
<br>
+
be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. The AINT0 - AINT4 pins are analog inputs which can be configured to single-ended or differential inputs. The supply voltage is 0 - VDD.<br>
−
1、PCF8591在I2C总线系统通过激活来发送一个有效的地址到设备中，可编程地址必须根据地址引脚A0、A1、A2来设置。I2C协议中信息发送开始后发送的第一个字节是地址信息，地址字节的最后一位是用于设置以后数据传输方向的读/写位。
+
1. Each PCF8591 device in an I2C-bus system is activated by sending a valid address to the device. The address consists of a fixed part and a programmable part. The programmable part must be set according to the address pins A0, A1 and A2. The address is always sent as the first byte after the start condition in the I2C-bus protocol. The last bit of the address byte is the read/write-bit which sets the direction of the following data transfer. <br>
−
<br>
+
2. The second byte sent to a PCF8591 device is stored in its control register and is required to control the device function. The upper nibble of the control register is used for enabling the analog output, and for programming the analog inputs as single-ended or differential inputs. The lower nibble selects one of the analog input channels defined by the upper nibble.<br>
−
2、发送到PCF8591 的第二个字节将被存储在控制寄存器，用于控制器件功能。控制寄存器的高半字节用于允许模拟输出，和将模拟输入编程为单端或差分输入。低半字节选择一个由高半字节定义的模拟输入通道。
+
3. The on-chip D/A converter and a high-gain comparator are used temporarily during an A/D conversion cycle. An A/D conversion cycle is always started after sending a valid read mode address to a PCF8591 device. The A/D conversion cycle is triggered at the trailing edge of the acknowledge clock pulse and is executed while transmitting the result of the previous conversion。 <br>
−
<br>
+
−
3、在A/D 转换周期将临时使用片上D/A 转换器和高增益比较器。一个A/D 转换周期总是开始于发送一个有效读模式地址给PCF8591 之后。A/D 转换周期在应答时钟脉冲的后沿被触发，并在传输前一次转换结果时执行A/D转换器采用。
+
−
<br>
+
  
−
==下载Matrix源码==
 
−
Matrix配件相关的代码是完全开源的，统一由一个仓库进行管理：git://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git <br>
 
−
该仓库里不同的分支代表着Matrix配件所支持的不同开发板。<br>
 
−
* nanopi分支包含了Matrix对NanoPi的支持；
 
−
* tiny4412分支包含了Matrix对Tiny4412的支持；
 
−
* raspberrypi分支包含了Matrix对RaspberryPi的支持；
 
  
−
在主机PC上安装git，以Ubuntu14.04为例
+
==Applications==
 +
===Connect to NanoPi M1===
 +
Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPi M1<br>
 +
[[File:Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_m1.jpg|frameless|600px|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_m1]]
 +
 
 +
Connection Details:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter || NanoPi M1     
 +
|-
 +
|SDA    || Pin3
 +
|-
 +
|SCL    || Pin5
 +
|-
 +
|5V    || Pin4
 +
|-
 +
|GND    || Pin6
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Connect to NanoPi 2===
 +
Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPi 2:<br>
 +
[[File:Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_2.jpg|frameless|600px|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_2]]
 +
 
 +
Connection Details:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter || NanoPi 2     
 +
|-
 +
|SDA    || Pin3
 +
|-
 +
|SCL    || Pin5
 +
|-
 +
|5V    || Pin4
 +
|-
 +
|GND    || Pin6
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Connect to NanoPi M2 / NanoPi 2 Fire===
 +
Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPi M2/ NanoPi 2 Fire:<br>
 +
[[File:Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_M2.jpg|frameless|600px|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_M2]]
 +
 
 +
Connection Details:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter || NanoPi M2     
 +
|-
 +
|SDA    || Pin3
 +
|-
 +
|SCL    || Pin5
 +
|-
 +
|5V    || Pin4
 +
|-
 +
|GND    || Pin6
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Connect to NanoPC-T2===
 +
Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPC-T2<br>
 +
[[File:Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_NanoPC-T2.jpg|frameless|600px|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_NanoPC-T2]]
 +
 
 +
Connection Details:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter || NanoPC-T2
 +
|-
 +
|SDA    || Pin6
 +
|-
 +
|SCL    || Pin5
 +
|-
 +
|5V    || Pin29
 +
|-
 +
|GND    || Pin30
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Compile & Run Test Program==
 +
Boot your ARM board with Debian and copy the matrix code:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ apt-get update && apt-get install git
 +
$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
If your cloning is done successfully a "matrix" directory will be generated.
 +
 
 +
Compile and install Matrix:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ cd matrix
 +
$ make && make install
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Run test program:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ matrix-adc
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to an ARM board.<br>
 +
Here is what you should observe:<br>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
The channel0 value is 2460
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
When Channel 0 is connected to 5V its value reaches the maximum: 2550. When it is grounded its value is 0.
 +
 
 +
==Code Sample==
 +
This Matrix code sample can work with all the ARM boards mentioned in this module's wiki. The name of this code sample is "matrix-analog_to_digital_converter". Here is its source code:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
 +
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
 +
{
 +
    int i = 0;
 +
    int value = 0;
 +
    int channel = 0;
 +
 
 +
    if (boardInit() < 0) {
 +
        printf("Fail to init board\n");
 +
        return -1;
 +
    }
 +
   
 +
    if (argc == 2)
 +
        channel = atoi(argv[1]);
 +
    system("modprobe "DRIVER_MODULE);
 +
    signal(SIGINT, intHandler);
 +
    for (i=0; i<ADC_READ_TIMES; i++) {
 +
        if (pcf8591Read(channel, &value) != -1) {
 +
            printf("The channel%d value is %d\n", channel, value);
 +
        } else {
 +
            printf("Fail to get channel%d value\n", channel);
 +
        }
 +
    }
 +
    system("rmmod "DRIVER_MODULE);
 +
   
 +
    return 0;
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
For more details about this APIs called in this code sample refer to [[Matrix API reference manual]] <br>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<!---
 +
==Download Matrix Source Code==
 +
All the matrix modules' code samples are open source. They are maintained on GitHub - https://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git <br>
 +
Each branch in this hub contains the matrix modules' code samples for a board that the matrix modules can work with.<br>
 +
* The nanopi branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the NanoPi
 +
* The nanopi 2 branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the NanoPi 2
 +
* The tiny4412 branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the Tiny4412
 +
* The raspberrypi branch contains the matrix modules' code samples for the RaspberryPi
 +
 
 +
Please follow the steps below to get the source code: <br>
 +
Install the git utility on a PC running Ubuntu14.04
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ sudo apt-get install git
 
$ sudo apt-get install git
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
克隆Matrix配件代码仓库
+
Clone the matrix code from GitHub
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
$ git clone git://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git
+
$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
If this is successful a "matrix" directory will be generated, which will contain all the matrix modules' code samples.
 +
 
 +
==Connect to NanoPi 2==
 +
===Hardware Connection===
 +
Please refer to the following connection diagram to connect the Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter to the NanoPi 2:<br>
 +
[[File:Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_2.jpg|frameless|600px|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_2]]
 +
 
 +
Connection Details:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter || NanoPi 2     
 +
|-
 +
|SDA    || Pin3
 +
|-
 +
|SCL    || Pin5
 +
|-
 +
|5V    || Pin4
 +
|-
 +
|GND    || Pin6
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Compile Test Program===
 +
Please login the matrix hub and enter the nanopi2 branch
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ cd matrix
 +
$ git checkout nanopi2
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Compile the matrix code
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- clean
 +
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-
 +
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- install
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gcc-4.9.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the NanoPi2.<br>
 +
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter" module is "matrix-adc".<br>
 +
The driver is under the modules directory and its source code is in github: https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-3.4.y.git <br>
 +
 
 +
===Run Test Program===
 +
Please insert a TF card which is flashed with Debian to a Linux host and mount its boot and rootfs sections.<br>
 +
We assume the rootfs is mounted to /media/rootfs then please run the following commands to copy the driver, library and test program to the card.<br>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ cp modules /media/rootfs/ -r
 +
$ cp install/lib/* /media/rootfs/lib/ -d
 +
$ cp install/usr/bin/* /media/rootfs/usr/bin/
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Insert this TF card to your NanoPi 2, power on and run the following commands.<br>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ cd /modules
 +
$ insmod pcf8591.ko
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Start the matrix-adc program.<br>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
$ matrix-adc
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to a NanoPi 2.<br>
 +
Here is what you should expect:<br>
 +
[[File:matrix-adc_result.png|frameless||matrix-adc_result]] <br>
 +
The program reads Channel 0's value
 +
 
 +
===Code Sample===
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
 +
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
 +
{
 +
    int i = 0;
 +
    int value = 0;
 +
    int channel = 0;
 +
 
 +
    if (argc == 2) {
 +
        channel = atoi(argv[1]);
 +
    }
 +
   
 +
    for (i=0; i<ADC_READ_TIMES; i++) {
 +
        if (pcf8591Read(channel, &value) != -1) {
 +
            printf("channel%d value=%d\n", channel, value);
 +
        } else {
 +
            printf("Fail to get channel%d value\n", channel);       
 +
        }
 +
        usleep(10000);
 +
    }
 +
    return 0;
 +
}
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
−
克隆完成后会得到一个matrix目录，里面存放着所有Matrix配件的代码。
 
  
−
==与NanoPi连接使用==
+
==Connect to NanoPi==
−
===准备工作===
+
===Preparations===
−
在NanoPi上运行Debian系统，然后在主机PC上安装并使用相应的编译器。参考wiki：[[NanoPi/zh|NanoPi]] <br>
+
Please install a Debian on a NanoPi and an appropriate cross compiler on a PC. Please refer to wiki:[[NanoPi/zh|NanoPi]] <br>
−
注意：必须使用nanopi-v4.1.y-matrix分支编译出来的内核。<br>
+
Compile a NanoPi kernel. Note: please use the kernel's source code from the nanopi-v4.1.y-matrix branch.<br>
−
下载NanoPi内核源代码并编译
+
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
 
$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/linux-4.x.y.git
Line 84: Line 301:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
===硬件连接===
+
===Hardware Connection===
−
参考下图连接模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter和NanoPi <br>
+
Please refer to the following connection diagram to connect the Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter to the NanoPi <br>
 
[[File:matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_nanopi.jpg|frameless|600px|matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_nanopi]]
 
[[File:matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_nanopi.jpg|frameless|600px|matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_nanopi]]
  
−
连接说明：
+
Connection Details:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 102: Line 319:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===编译测试程序===
+
===Compile Test Program===
−
进入Matrix代码仓库，切换到nanopi分支
+
Please login the matrix hub and enter the nanopi branch
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ cd matrix
 
$ cd matrix
Line 109: Line 326:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
编译Matrix配件代码
+
Compile the matrix code
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- clean
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- clean
Line 115: Line 332:
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- install
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux- install
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
−
注意：请确保你的主机PC当前使用的交叉编译器为NanoPi-Debian配套的arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3。<br>
+
Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the NanoPi-Debian.<br>
−
编译出来的库文件位于install/lib目录下，而测试程序则位于install/usr/bin目录下，模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter对应的测试程序为matrix-analog_to_digital_converter。<br>
+
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter" module is "matrix-adc".<br>
  
−
===运行测试程序===
+
===Run Test Program===
−
拷贝库文件和测试程序到NanoPi的文件系统上
+
Please copy the library files and test program to the NanoPi
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ cp install/usr/bin/* nanopi_rootfs/usr/bin/
 
$ cp install/usr/bin/* nanopi_rootfs/usr/bin/
Line 125: Line 342:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
然后启动NanoPi，在Debian的shell终端中执行如下命令运行模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter的测试程序 <br>
+
Power on the NanoPi and run the following command in Debian's terminal <br>
−
注意：此模块并不支持热插拔，启动系统前需要确保硬件正常连接。
+
Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to a NanoPi.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
$ matrix-analog_to_digital_converter
+
$ matrix-adc
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
===代码展示===
+
===Code Sample===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
 
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
 
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
Line 161: Line 378:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
==与Tiny4412连接使用==
+
==Connect to Tiny4412==
−
===准备工作===
+
===Preparations===
−
参考Tiny4412光盘里的《友善之臂Ubuntu使用手册》，在Tiny4412上运行UbuntuCore系统，然后在主机PC上安装并使用相应的编译器。<br>
+
Please refer to the Tiny4412's user's manual to install a UbuntuCore on the Tiny4412 and install an appropriate cross compiler on a PC.<br>
−
注意：只能使用Tiny4412SDK-1506的底板。
+
Note: only the Tiny4412SDK-1506 carrier board can work with this module.
  
−
===硬件连接===
+
===Hardware Connection===
−
参考下图连接模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter和Tiny4412 <br>
+
Please refer to the following diagram to connect the Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter to the Tiny4412 <br>
 
[[File:matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_tiny4412.jpg|frameless|600px|matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_tiny4412]]
 
[[File:matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_tiny4412.jpg|frameless|600px|matrix-analog_to_digital_converter_tiny4412]]
  
−
连接说明：
+
Connection Details:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 184: Line 401:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===编译测试程序===
+
===Compile Test Program===
−
进入Matrix代码仓库，切换到tiny4412分支
+
Please login the Matrix hub and enter the matrix-tiny4412 branch
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ cd matrix
 
$ cd matrix
Line 191: Line 408:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
编译Matrix配件代码
+
Compile the matrix code
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- clean
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- clean
Line 197: Line 414:
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- install
 
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- install
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
−
注意：请确保你的主机PC当前使用的交叉编译器为Tiny4412-UbuntuCore配套的arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-4.7.3。<br>
+
Note: please make sure to install the cross compiler "arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-4.7.3" on your PC, which is used to compile files for the Tiny4412-UbuntuCore. <br>
−
编译出来的库文件位于install/lib目录下，而测试程序则位于install/usr/bin目录下，模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter对应的测试程序为matrix-analog_to_digital_converter。
+
Generated library files are under the "install/lib" directory. Applications are under the "install/usr/bin" directory. The test program for the "Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter" module is "matrix-adc".
  
−
===运行测试程序===
+
===Run Test Program===
−
拷贝库文件和测试程序到Tiny4412的UbuntuCore的文件系统上
+
Please copy the library files and test program to the Tiny4412
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
$ cp install/usr/bin/* tiny4412_rootfs/usr/bin/
 
$ cp install/usr/bin/* tiny4412_rootfs/usr/bin/
Line 207: Line 424:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
然后启动Tiny4412，在UbuntuCore的shell终端中执行如下命令运行模块Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter的测试程序
+
Power on the Tiny4412 and run the following command in UbuntuCore's terminal
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
−
$ matrix-analog_to_digital_converter
+
$ matrix-adc
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
−
===代码展示===
+
===Code Sample===
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
 
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
 
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
Line 242: Line 459:
 
</syntaxhighlight>
 
</syntaxhighlight>
  
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==与RaspberryPi连接使用==
+
==Connect to RaspberryPi==
  
−
==与Arduino连接使用==
+
==Connect to Arduino==
 +
--->
  
−
==相关资料==
+
 
 +
==Resources==
 
[http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/PCF8591.pdf PCF8591.pdf]
 
[http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/PCF8591.pdf PCF8591.pdf]
 +
 +
==Update Log==
 +
===Feb-19-2016===
 +
* Added Section 5
 +
 +
===June-17-2016===
 +
* Re-organized and simplified wiki
  
  

Latest revision as of 10:28, 19 June 2016

查看中文

1 Introduction

Analog to Digital Converter
  • The Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter is a single-chip, single-supply low-power 8-bit CMOS data acquisition device.
  • It utilizes the PCF8591 chip with four analog inputs, one analog output and a serial I2C-bus interface. Three address pins A0, A1 and A2 are used for programming the hardware address, allowing

the use of up to eight devices connected to the I2C-bus without additional hardware. Address, control and data to and from the device are transferred serially via the two-line bidirectional I2C-bus. The maximum conversion rate is given by the maximum speed of the I2C-bus.

  • The I2C hardware address is configured to 1001000x
  • The operating supply voltage is from 2.5V to 6.0V，Among the 2.54 mm spacing pin header the 5V pin is the supply voltage. If you need 0 - 3.3V analog signals and keep the acquisition resolution you can connect it to a 3.3V supply voltage.

2 Features

  • Wide range supply voltage: 2.5V - 6.0V
  • I2C interface: 3.3V/5V
  • 8-bit A/D x 4
  • 8-bit D/A x 1
  • Small and easy to be used in various situations
  • 2.54 mm spacing pin
  • PCB dimension (mm): 16 x 24

Analog to Digital PCB

  • Pin Description:
Pin Description
SDA I2C SDA
SCL I2C SCL
5V Supply Voltage 5V
GND Ground
AOUT Analog Output
A3 Analog Input3
A2 Analog Input2
A1 Analog Input1
A0 Analog Input0

3 Basic Device Operation

The PCF8591's I2C-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a Serial DAta line (SDA) and a Serial CLock line (SCL). Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. The AINT0 - AINT4 pins are analog inputs which can be configured to single-ended or differential inputs. The supply voltage is 0 - VDD.
1. Each PCF8591 device in an I2C-bus system is activated by sending a valid address to the device. The address consists of a fixed part and a programmable part. The programmable part must be set according to the address pins A0, A1 and A2. The address is always sent as the first byte after the start condition in the I2C-bus protocol. The last bit of the address byte is the read/write-bit which sets the direction of the following data transfer.
2. The second byte sent to a PCF8591 device is stored in its control register and is required to control the device function. The upper nibble of the control register is used for enabling the analog output, and for programming the analog inputs as single-ended or differential inputs. The lower nibble selects one of the analog input channels defined by the upper nibble.
3. The on-chip D/A converter and a high-gain comparator are used temporarily during an A/D conversion cycle. An A/D conversion cycle is always started after sending a valid read mode address to a PCF8591 device. The A/D conversion cycle is triggered at the trailing edge of the acknowledge clock pulse and is executed while transmitting the result of the previous conversion。


4 Applications

4.1 Connect to NanoPi M1

Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPi M1
Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_m1

Connection Details:

Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter NanoPi M1
SDA Pin3
SCL Pin5
5V Pin4
GND Pin6

4.2 Connect to NanoPi 2

Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPi 2:
Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_2

Connection Details:

Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter NanoPi 2
SDA Pin3
SCL Pin5
5V Pin4
GND Pin6

4.3 Connect to NanoPi M2 / NanoPi 2 Fire

Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPi M2/ NanoPi 2 Fire:
Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_nanopi_M2

Connection Details:

Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter NanoPi M2
SDA Pin3
SCL Pin5
5V Pin4
GND Pin6

4.4 Connect to NanoPC-T2

Refer to the following connection diagram to connect the module to the NanoPC-T2
Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter_NanoPC-T2

Connection Details:

Matrix-Analog_to_Digital_Converter NanoPC-T2
SDA Pin6
SCL Pin5
5V Pin29
GND Pin30

5 Compile & Run Test Program

Boot your ARM board with Debian and copy the matrix code: 

$ apt-get update && apt-get install git
$ git clone https://github.com/friendlyarm/matrix.git

If your cloning is done successfully a "matrix" directory will be generated.

Compile and install Matrix: 

$ cd matrix
$ make && make install

Run test program: 

$ matrix-adc

Note: this module is not plug and play therefore before running the module please make sure it is connected to an ARM board.
Here is what you should observe:

The channel0 value is 2460

When Channel 0 is connected to 5V its value reaches the maximum: 2550. When it is grounded its value is 0.

6 Code Sample

This Matrix code sample can work with all the ARM boards mentioned in this module's wiki. The name of this code sample is "matrix-analog_to_digital_converter". Here is its source code: 

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int i = 0;
    int value = 0;
    int channel = 0;
 
    if (boardInit() < 0) {
        printf("Fail to init board\n");
        return -1;
    }
 
    if (argc == 2)
        channel = atoi(argv[1]);
    system("modprobe "DRIVER_MODULE);
    signal(SIGINT, intHandler);
    for (i=0; i<ADC_READ_TIMES; i++) {
        if (pcf8591Read(channel, &value) != -1) {
            printf("The channel%d value is %d\n", channel, value);
        } else {
            printf("Fail to get channel%d value\n", channel);
        }
    }
    system("rmmod "DRIVER_MODULE);
 
    return 0;
}

For more details about this APIs called in this code sample refer to Matrix API reference manual



7 Resources

PCF8591.pdf

8 Update Log

8.1 Feb-19-2016

  • Added Section 5

8.2 June-17-2016

  • Re-organized and simplified wiki


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